Quantitative Methods in Psychology Final Exam Questions

Course Introduction

Quantitative Methods in Psychology introduces students to the principles and applications of statistical techniques used in psychological research. The course covers topics such as descriptive statistics, probability theory, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression analysis, and the interpretation of quantitative data. Emphasis is placed on understanding how to design experiments, collect data, and use software tools to analyze psychological data accurately. Students will gain practical skills in assessing research findings, drawing evidence-based conclusions, and critically evaluating the methodological rigor of published studies within the field of psychology.

Recommended Textbook

Essentials of Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences 9th Edition by Gravetter

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics

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Sample Questions

Q1) A high school gym teacher records how much time each student requires to complete a one-mile run.This is an example of measuring a continuous variable.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

Q2) Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?

A)The gender of each student in a psychology class

B)The number of males in each class offered by the college

C)The amount of time to solve a problem

D)The number of children in a family

Answer: C

Q3) For the following scores, X² = ( X)².Scores: 1,1,1,1

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q4) Using the average score to describe a sample is an example of inferential statistics. A)True

B)False

Answer: False

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Chapter 2: Frequency Distributions

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Sample Questions

Q1) For the following data,N = _____. \[\begin{array} { c c }

X & \mathrm { f } \\

\hline 4 & 2 \\

3 & 4 \\

2 & 3 \\

1 & 2

\end{array}\]

A)10

B)11

C)28

D)Cannot be determined from the table

Answer: B

Q2) A grouped frequency distribution table does not provide enough information to obtain a complete listing of the original set of scores.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Page 4

Chapter 3: Central Tendency

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Sample Questions

Q1) A population of N = 7 scores has a mean of µ = 10.If one score with a value of X = 4 is removed from the population,what is the value for the new mean?

A)70/6

B)66/7

C)66/6 = 11

D)Cannot be determined from the information given

Answer: C

Q2) A distribution is positively skewed.Which is the most probable order,from smallest to largest,for the three measures of central tendency?

A)Mean, median, mode

B)Mode, median, mean

C)Mean, mode, median

D)Median, mean, mode

Answer: B

Q3) Changing the value of a score in a distribution will always change the value of the mean.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Page 5

Chapter 4: Variability

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Sample Questions

Q1) A positive deviation always indicates a score that is less than the mean.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A sample of n = 25 scores is selected from a population with a variance of ² = 16,and the variance is computed for the sample using n - 1.The sample variance probably will be smaller than 16.

A)True

B)False

Q3) What are the values for SS and variance for the following sample of n = 4 scores?

Sample: 1,1,0,4

A)SS = 9 and variance = 3

B)SS = 9 and variance = 2.25

C)SS = 18 and variance = 6

D)SS = 18 and variance = 9

Q4) What is the value of SS (sum of squared deviations)for the following sample?

Sample: 1,1,1,7

A)52

B)27

C)25

D)9

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Chapter 7: Probability and Samples: The Distribution of Sample Means

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Sample Questions

Q1) A sample of n = 9 scores is obtained from a population with = 70 and = 18.If the sample mean is M = 76,what is the z-score for the sample mean?

A)z = 0.33

B)z = 0.50

C)z = 1.00

D)z = 3.00

Q2) Under what circumstances will the distribution of sample means be normal?

A)It is always normal

B)Only if the population distribution is normal

C)Only if the sample size is greater than 30

D)If the population is normal or if the sample size is greater than 30

Q3) A sample of n = 16 scores has a standard error of 4.What is the standard deviation of the population from which the sample was obtained?

A)64

B)16

C)4

D)2

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Page 9

Chapter 8: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

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Sample Questions

Q1) A researcher is evaluating a treatment that is expected to increase scores.If a one-tailed test with = .05 is used,then the critical region consists of z-scores less than -1.65.

A)True

B)False

Q2) If a treatment has a very small effect,what is a likely outcome for a hypothesis test evaluating the treatment?

A)A Type I error

B)A Type II error

C)Correctly reject the null hypothesis

D)Correctly fail to reject the null hypothesis

Q3) If the research prediction is that the treatment will decrease scores,then the critical region for a directional test will be in the left-hand tail.

A)True

B)False

Q4) In general,the null hypothesis states that the treatment has no effect on the population mean.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 13: Repeated-Measures and Two-Factor Analysis of Variance

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Sample Questions

Q1) For an experiment involving 3 levels of factor A and 3 levels of factor B with a sample of n = 8 in each treatment condition,what are the df values for the F-ratio for the AxB interaction?

A)2, 63

B)4, 63

C)6, 63

D)8, 63

Q2) For the repeated-measures analysis,the F-ratio,on average,is expected to be zero when H is true.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The denominator of the repeated-measures F-ratio is intended to measure differences that exist without any systematic treatment effect or any systematic individual differences.

A)True

B)False

Q4) For an independent-measures two-factor analysis of variance,all F-ratios use the same denominator.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 14: Correlation and Regression

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Sample Questions

Q1) The results from a research study indicate that adolescents who watch more violent content on television also tend to engage in more violent behavior than their peers.The correlation between amount of TV violence content and amount of violent behavior is an example of _______.

A)a positive correlation

B)a negative correlation

C)a correlation near zero

D)a correlation near one

Q2) If the value of the Pearson correlation is r = +1.00 or -1.00,then all data points in a scatter plot fit perfectly on a straight line.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The value obtained for the sum of products,SP,determines the sign (+/-)for the Pearson correlation.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The line defined by the equation Y = -3X + 6 slopes up to the right.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 15: The Chi-Square Statistic: Tests for Goodness of

Fit and Independence

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Sample Questions

Q1) A researcher selects a sample of 100 people to investigate the relationship between gender (male/female)and registering to vote.The sample consists of 40 females,of whom 30 are registered voters,and 60 males,of whom 40 are registered voters.If these data were used for a chi-square test for independence,what is the observed frequency for registered males?

A)12

B)28

C)40

D)42

Q2) The data for a chi-square test consist of ___________.

A)numerical scores

B)non-numerical categories

C)ranks

D)frequencies

Q3) For a chi-square test,the expected frequencies are calculated values that are intended to produce a sample that is representative of the null hypothesis.

A)True

B)False

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