Quantitative Methods for Business Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Quantitative Methods for Business introduces students to the essential quantitative tools and analytical techniques used in decision-making processes within business environments. The course covers fundamental topics such as data collection and analysis, probability theory, statistical inference, linear programming, forecasting, and decision analysis. Emphasis is placed on applying mathematical and statistical models to real-world business problems, enabling students to interpret results and make informed managerial decisions. Through hands-on exercises and case studies, students develop problem-solving skills critical for effective management in areas such as operations, finance, marketing, and logistics.
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Business Research Methods 12th Edition by Donald R. Cooper
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Chapter 1: Research in Business
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Q1) Control in business research is the ability of the researcher to ...
A) Explain the outcome of a research study.
B) Control question order in a descriptive study.
C) Replicate a scenario and dictate a particular outcome.
D) Determine the management dilemma.
E) Determine the right sample.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a required characteristic of good research?
A) Clearly defined purpose
B) Detailed research process
C) Focused on theory
D) Thorough research design
E) Recognition of limitations
Answer: C
Q3) What is the difference between applied research and basic research?
Answer: Applied research is research that has a practical problem-solving emphasis and is conducted to reveal answers to specific questions related to action,performance,or policy needs.Basic research is designed to solve problems of a theoretical nature with little direct impact on strategic or tactical decisions.
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Chapter 2: Ethics in Business Research
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Q1) _____ occurs when the participants are told only part of the truth or when the truth is fully compromised.
A) Coercion
B) Deception
C) Informed consent
D) Debriefing
E) Manipulation
Answer: B
Q2) Explain how researchers can address individuals' right to privacy.
Answer: To address the right to privacy,there are several precautions a researcher can take.These include 1)inform participants of their right to refuse to answer any question or to participate in the study; 2)obtain prior permission to interview or observe participants; 3)restrict observation to public places; 4)limit the time required for participants and the amount of information collected to that which is deemed critical.
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Chapter 3: Thinking Like a Researcher
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Q1) A(n)_____ defines a variable in terms of specific measurement and testing criteria.
A) hypothetical construct
B) operational definition
C) dictionary definition
D) conceptual scheme
E) moderating variable
Answer: B
Q2) Rachel is interested in learning the effect of using a celebrity endorsement on sales.The presence or absence of a celebrity endorsement is the _____ variable.
A) independent
B) dependent
C) mediating
D) criterion
E) continuous
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Research Process: an Overview
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Q1) Pilot tests typically use a sample size of _____ participants.
A) less than 100
B) 100-500
C) 501-1000
D) more than 1000
E) it depends on budgetary constraints
Q2) What are the three types of budgets in organizations where research is purchased and cost containment is crucial? List and describe each one.Is one more desirable than the others? Explain.
Q3) All of the following components are included in the overview section of a research report except _____.
A) problem background
B) findings from secondary sources
C) research design
D) procedures
E) recommendations
Q4) Explain the value of conducting a pilot test and the primary considerations for a research planning to use a pilot test.
Q5) Explain the difference between interim evaluation and ex post facto evaluation.
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Chapter 5: Clarifying the Research Question Through
Secondary Data and Exploration
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Q1) Maurice is beginning a new research project.As he begins the first phase of the process,Maurice will most likely begin by _____.
A) conducting a literature search
B) interviewing experts
C) designing a survey
D) preparing measurement questions
E) brainstorming
Q2) What is the first step in conducting a literature search?
A) Define the management dilemma or question
B) Identify key terms, people, or events
C) Search indexes, bibliographies, and the Web
D) Locate and review secondary sources
E) Evaluate the value and credibility of secondary sources
Q3) Explain the five steps in conducting a literature search.
Q4) Explain the steps involved in the data mining process.
Q5) What are the three levels of information? Provide examples for each level.
Q6) What are the five factors a manager should consider when evaluating an information source? Explain each one.
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Chapter 6: Research Design: An Overview
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Q1) Research designs may be viewed as being
A) Exploratory or experimental
B) Laboratory or ex post facto
C) Cross-sectional or case
D) Descriptive or causal
E) Longitudinal or statistical
Q2) "The introduction of a four day week leads to increased productivity particularly among young workers by improving job satisfaction." In this statement,improving job satisfaction is the:
A) Independent Variable
B) Dependent Variable
C) Intervening Variable
D) Moderating Variable
Q3) The study of the use of space is called _____.
A) kinesics
B) proxemics
C) methodology
D) linguistics
E) feng shui
Q4) Compare and contrast the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
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Chapter 7: Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which type of research includes an array of interpretative techniques which seek to describe,decode,translate,and otherwise come to terms with the meaning of certain phenomena?
A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Statistical
D) Descriptive
E) Causal
Q2) In a study of attitudes toward buying fake goods,participants are asked to complete this sentence: "People who buy fake Louis Vuitton handbags are ..." This is an example of a(n)_____ projective technique.
A) picture association
B) empty balloons
C) sentence completion
D) imagination exercise
E) personification
Q3) How can researchers increase the confidence business decision makers have in qualitative data?
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Chapter 8: Observation Studies
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Q1) A factory was experiencing a disproportionately large number of defects coming from a particular machine and chose to research the problem by dismantling the equipment to evaluate measures of wear on its various parts.This is an example of ______.
A) direct observation
B) linguistic behavior
C) physical traces
D) verbal observation
E) None of the above
Q2) Recording the radio station presets on cars brought into car repair shops is an example of _____.
A) linguistic observation
B) trace evidence
C) nonverbal behavior
D) spatial behavior
E) temporal behavior
Q3) What characteristics are important to consider when selecting individuals to work as observers in an observation research study?
Q4) Discuss the strengths and limitations of observation as a data collection method.
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Chapter 9: Experiments
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Q1) What are the seven steps a researcher follows in conducting an experiment?
Q2) When the researcher doesn't know whether a participant in an experiment is being exposed to the treatment,the experiment is described as ______.
A) controlled
B) blind
C) double blind
D) concealed
E) independent
Q3) Which threat to internal validity results from changes between observations in either the measuring instrument or the observer?
A) History
B) Maturation
C) Testing
D) Instrumentation
E) Mortality
Q4) Explain the primary differences between preexperiments,true experiments,and quasi-experiments.
Q5) List five possible threats to internal validity.How do these threats weaken a design?
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Chapter 10: Surveys
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Q1) Interviewer error may be caused by _____.
A) an unwillingness to participate
B) participant faulty recall
C) the falsification of answers
D) social desirability responding
E) all of the above
Q2) The tendency for respondents to be agreeable is called _____.
A) social desirability responding
B) acquiescence
C) elaboration likelihood
D) agreeableness
E) conscientiousness
Q3) Surveys conducted via the Internet reduce costs by eliminating the costs associated with _____.
A) interviewers
B) postage
C) data entry
D) printing
E) all of the above
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Measurement
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Q1) Weight,height,and temperature are all types of _____.
A) objects
B) physical properties
C) psychological properties
D) constructs
E) mapping rules
Q2) Which characteristic of mapping rules refers to ordered numbers in which one number is greater than,less than,or equal to another number?
A) Classification
B) Order
C) Distance
D) Origin
E) Exclusivity
Q3) _____ describes how scores cluster or scatter in a distribution.
A) Mode
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Dispersion
E) Range
Q4) Name the four sources of error in measurement and provide an example for each.
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Chapter 12: Measurement Scales
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Q1) Scales that allow participants to select a "don't know" or "no opinion" response are called _____.
A) unforced-choice
B) multidimensional
C) balanced
D) unbalanced
E) forced-choice
Q2) Which of the following situations favors the use of unbalanced rating scales rather than balanced rating scales?
A) Participants' scores lean in one direction
B) Object being rating is familiar to participants
C) Participants are known to be easy raters
D) Participants are known to be hard raters
E) All of the above
Q3) What is the primary difference between rating scales and ranking scales? List two types of each scale.
Q4) Explain the three bases for attitudes.Provide an example for each one.
Q5) Explain the researcher's dilemma in deciding whether to use forced-choice rating scales or unforced-choice rating scales?
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Chapter 13: Questionnaires and Instruments
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Q1) A question that is used to qualify a participant's knowledge about the questions of interest or experience necessary to participate is a(n)_____ question.
A) administrative
B) screen
C) target
D) branched
E) classification
Q2) All of the following questions must be answered prior to designing a questionnaire except _____
A) What type of scale is needed to perform the desired analysis to answer the management question?
B) What data collection mode will be used?
C) Should the question be structured, unstructured, or some combination?
D) Should the questioning be disguised or undisguised?
E) How will the results be translated into managerial recommendations?
Q3) Explain the meaning of pretesting and why instrument designers should pretest questionnaires prior to using them in a study.
Q4) What are the steps in drafting and refining a survey instrument?
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Chapter 14: Sampling
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Q1) When the variables of interest are measured on nominal or ordinal scales,what should be used to estimate population proportion?
A) Standard error
B) Standard deviation
C) Sample proportion of incidence (p)
D) Sample proportion of incidence (p) * 1 - (p)
E) Sample statistic
Q2) Explain the rationale for sampling rather than using a census for every study.
Q3) Which of the following terms refers to the variation in measures due to some known or unknown influence that causes the scores to skew in one direction or another?
A) Precision
B) Standard error
C) Systematic variance
D) Sampling error
E) Random error
Q4) Compare and contrast stratified sampling and cluster sampling.
Q5) What is the difference between a probability sample and a nonprobability sample? Which one is preferred by researchers? Explain.
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Chapter 15: Data Preparation and Description
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Q1) The process of ensuring the accuracy of data and their conversion from raw form into classified forms appropriate for analysis is called _____.
A) coding
B) data entry
C) data preparation
D) data measurement
E) quality control
Q2) Which of the following code descriptions is most appropriate for the employment status question?
A) 1 = not employed, 2 = employed part-time, 3 = employed full-time, 4 = full-time student, 5 = other, 9 = missing
B) 1 = checked, 0 = not checked
C) 1 = not employed, full-time student, 2 = employed full-time, 3 = employed part-time, full-time student, 4 = not employed, other, 5 = other
D) All of the above are correct
E) None of the above are correct
Q3) What is meant by stemming,aliasing,and the use of exclusion filters in content analysis software applications?
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Chapter 16: Exploring,Displaying,and Examining Data
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Q1) Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using cross-tabulations?
A) What percentage of men and women prefer brand A over brand B?
B) What percentage of residents shop at the local grocery store?
C) Is brand loyalty related to brand image?
D) What happens to sales when prices drop?
E) Where do most of our consumers live?
Q2) In which of the following is a barchart arranged in increasing order by size?
A) Control chart
B) Simple bar chart
C) Pareto diagram
D) Histogram
Q3) The data partitioning procedure that can search up to 300 variables for the single best predictor of a dependent variable is called _____.
A) cross-tabulation
B) regression
C) automatic interaction detection
D) data mining
E) factor analysis
Q4) Explain how to develop a stem-and-leaf display.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Hypothesis Testing
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Q1) _____ occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true.
A) Type I error
B) Two-tailed error
C) Type II error
D) One-tailed error
E) Parametric significance
Q2) The region of acceptance and the region of rejection are determined by the _____.
A) resistance level of the statistic
B) statistical significance level
C) substantive significance level
D) reasonable doubt
E) practical significance level
Q3) Under which of the following conditions must the null hypothesis be rejected?
A) p value <
B) p value >
C) p value =
D) p value cannot be determined
E) p value is unrelated to hypothesis testing
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Chapter 18: Measures of Association
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Q1) Which measure of association for nominal variables attempts to correct X<sup>2</sup> proportionately to N?
A) Phi
B) Cramer's V
C) Contingency coefficient C
D) F ratio
E) Scheffe's S
Q2) The assumption that data can be described by a straight line passing through the data array is called _____.
A) resistance
B) normality
C) significance
D) linearity
E) association
Q3) What does the sign of the correlation coefficient signify?
A) The magnitude of the relationship
B) The significance of the relationship
C) The importance of the relationship
D) The direction of the relationship
E) The p value associated with the relationship
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Chapter 19: Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports
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Q1) A list of tables,list of graphs,list of appendices,and list of exhibits are found in which part of the written business research report?
A) Table of contents
B) Letter of transmittal
C) Letter of authorization
D) Executive summary
E) Introduction
Q2) In a written research report,if you were restricted to the choices below,which type of chart would be better for depicting components or a whole or frequencies of a single variable?
A) Bubble graph
B) Pie chart
C) Area chart
D) Stacked Pie
E) Geographic map or chart
Q3) Provide some advice for a person writing a short research report.
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Chapter 20: Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations
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Q1) Using a metaphor as support material enhances an oral research presentation's
A) relevancy
B) believability
C) balance
D) stylistic properties
E) detail
Q2) The research literature on speech organization ____.
A) recommends the narrative pattern as the organizational framework that is superior
B) does not support the conclusion of one overall superior method for organizing
C) provides experimental research for the use of trios, triplets, or triads
D) recommends the chronological time sequence for a framework
Q3) Which term below refers to a conversational-style of oral research report that relies on minimal notes?
A) Briefing
B) Extemporaneous presentation
C) Formal presentation
D) Interview
E) Discussion
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Appendix 1A: How the Industry Works
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Q1) Most firms in the business research industry are _____.
A) syndicated data providers
B) small firms and one-person shops
C) large full-service suppliers
D) wholesale distributors
E) advertising agencies
Q2) All of the following terms except _____ can be used to describe custom full-service business research firms?
A) ad hoc research
B) custom-designed research
C) custom researchers
D) syndicated panel
E) all of the above can be used to describe custom full-service business research firms
Q3) Which of the following is an advantage of using an omnibus study?
A) Ability to reach a convenience sample of consumers
B) Cost of less than $2000 per question
C) Ability to receive full-service research services
D) Ability to receive results in 24-48 hours
E) All of the above
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Chapter 22: Appendix 5A and 5B: Bibliographic Database
Searchers and Advanced Searches
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Q1) Which of the following is not a source for finding government statistics?
A) Statistical Abstract of the United States
B) U.S. Code
C) FedStats
D) U.S. Bureau of the Census
E) All of the above are sources for government statistics
Q2) All of the following are popular bibliographic databases used by business researchers except _____.
A) ABI/Inform
B) Business Source
C) InfoTrac
D) Dow Jones Interactive
E) Lexis-Nexis
Q3) All of the following are basic Boolean operators except _____.
A) or
B) and
C) not
D) adj
E) but
24
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Chapter 23: Appendix 9B: Test Markets
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Q1) Burger King is examining the sales potential for a new burger,the Western Angus Ranch burger,by offering the product for sale at 10 randomly selected Burger King locations.Burger King is using a(n)_____ to test the potential for this product.
A) static group comparison
B) standard test market
C) electronic test market
D) controlled test market
E) simulated test market
Q2) A _____ is a controlled experiment conducted in a carefully chosen marketplace to measure and predict sales or profitability of a product.
A) pretest-posttest control group
B) test market
C) simulation
D) replication
E) research and development test
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Chapter 24: Appendix: Multivariate Supplement
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Q1) The technique used to provide a more simple and interpretable picture of the relationships between factors and variables is called _____.
A) rotation
B) regression
C) resistance
D) principal components
E) residual analysis
Q2) The _____ represents the proportion of total variance in all the variables that is accounted for by a factor.
A) eigenvalue
B) percentage of variance
C) residual
D) marginal
E) principal component
Q3) List and explain the five steps researchers take when using structural equation modeling.
Q4) Explain when and how a researcher would go about conducting a factor analysis.
Q5) List the five steps that are basic to most cluster studies.
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