Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Social Work
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth examination of both quantitative and qualitative research methods as they apply to social work practice and scholarship. Students will explore the design, implementation, and analysis of various research strategies, including surveys, experiments, interviews, focus groups, and observational techniques. Emphasis is placed on understanding the strengths and limitations of each methodological approach, ethical considerations in human subjects research, and the significance of evidence-based practice in addressing social issues. By the end of the course, students will be equipped to critically assess, conduct, and apply research findings to enhance the effectiveness and impact of social work interventions.
Recommended Textbook
Essential Research Methods for Social Work 4th Edition by Allen Rubin
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554 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Why Study Research?
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Sample Questions
Q1) A family preservation program director helps design a study that evaluates the effectiveness of her program to keep children living with their abusive parents by providing the families with daily home visits by social workers.She expects the evaluation to show a dramatic reduction in reported child abuse incidents.Instead,the results show an increase in reported child abuse incidents.The director then concludes that the program was undoubtedly effective,reasoning that there really could not possibly have been an increase in actual abuse due to her program,just an increase in reportage of abuse due to closer monitoring in the daily home visits.The director is committing the error of
A)illogical reasoning.
B)ex post facto hypothesizing.
C)premature closure of inquiry.
D)selective observation.
E)mystification.
Answer: B
Q2) Legitimate ex post facto hypothesizing requires additional research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Practice: The Research Process
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Q1) Social workers commonly work in settings where superiors do not understand or appreciate evidence-based practice and do not give practitioners enough time or other resources to carry out the evidence-based practice process.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q2) The term evidence-based practice is an extension of the term evidence-based medicine,which predated it.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) The evidence-based practice model encourages practitioners to integrate scientific evidence with their practice expertise.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods of Inquiry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because of their philosophical differences,qualitative and quantitative methods are inherently incompatible.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about quantitative and qualitative methods?
A)Quantitative studies are more likely than qualitative studies to be done early in order to gain familiarity with a phenomenon.
B)Qualitative studies are more likely than quantitative studies to be done early in order to gain familiarity with a phenomenon.
C)Qualitative studies are more likely than quantitative studies to be initiated after familiarity with a phenomenon has been established.
D)Quantitative studies are more likely than qualitative studies to be done in the natural environment of the research participants .
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Factors Influencing the Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explanatory studies:
A)can employ qualitative, quantitative, and/or mixed methods.
B)always use qualitative methods.
C)always use quantitative methods.
D)none of these.
Q2) Explanatory studies are designed to find answers to which of the following questions?
A)Are people's attitudes toward public welfare changing?
B)Why are people's attitudes toward public welfare changing?
C)Who watches soap operas?
D)All of the above.
Q3) Mary chronicles people's attitudes toward an upcoming poverty program.Mary is doing explanatory research.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Although cultural competence is important in social work practice,it is NOT important in social work research.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How are theory and research linked? Give examples.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Ethical Issues in Social Work Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Illustrate how ethics and politics can affect social work research.
Q2) According to the NASW Code of Ethics,social workers violate their ethical responsibilities if they refrain from using research to guide their practice.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What ethical guideline(s)is are violated in the following study? A child therapist thinks the new,untested psychotherapy she recently developed is more effective than physician-prescribed medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.To research the effectiveness of her therapy,she tells parents that the therapy replaces the need for the medications and then provides the therapy to half of her clients,without telling parents about the study or which treatment group their child is in.
A)voluntary participation and informed consent.
B)no harm to the participant.
C)deceiving subjects.
D)all of these.
Q4) Are there any situations in which a researcher is justified in deceiving subjects? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 6: Culturally Competent Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Conceptual equivalence ensures metric equivalence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cultural competence should NOT affect how research findings are interpreted.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about measurement equivalence?
A)Linguistic equivalence ensures conceptual equivalence.
B)Conceptual equivalence ensures metric equivalence.
C)Linguistic equivalence is necessary for conceptual equivalence.
D)Metric equivalence is necessary for conceptual equivalence.
Q4) Recruitment of minority and oppressed populations in research studies can be enhanced by:
A)providing transportation to the research site.
B)conducting research activities in participants' homes.
C)providing childcare for young children
D)all of these.
Q5) Describe the steps you would take to maximize the cultural competence of your problem formulation in studying a social problem among a Native American tribe living on a reservation.
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Chapter 7: Problem Formulation
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Q1) One possible operational definition of patient morale in a nursing home is how happy or optimistic patients feel.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The same concept can be a variable in one study and a constant in another study.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Number of children is an example of a variable at the ratio level of measurement.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A nominal definition:
A)Tells us what indicators to use in observing a concept.
B)Is a statement detailing what will be involved in measuring some entity.
C)Is like a dictionary definition.
D)All of these.
Q5) Operationally define the concept child's school adjustment in three ways: once by using self-report,once by using direct observation,and once by using available records.Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each definition.
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Chapter 8: Measurement in Quantitative and Qualitative Inquiry
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Sample Questions
Q1) The weakest form of validity is:
A)face validity.
B)criterion validity.
C)construct validity.
D)content validity.
Q2) The use of several different research methods to test the same finding is called triangulation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Professor Smith gave an exam on Monday.On Wednesday Smith gave the same class the same exam.Professor Smith was clearly interested in assessing the exam's A)reliability.
B)validity.
C)face validity.
D)conceptualization.
E)precision.
Q4) Social desirability bias is a form of random measurement error. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement Instruments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Construct a brief Likert-type scale to measure attitudes about an issue of interest to you.
Q2) Which of the following statements is/are true about informal conversational interviews?
A)They are often unplanned and unanticipated.
B)They are the most close-ended form of interviewing.
C)They require the use of a structured measurement instrument.
D)Because they are informal, there is less need to be concerned about how questions are worded.
E)All of these.
Q3) Which of the following statements is/are true about comparing quantitative and qualitative instrument construction?
A)Both approaches should avoid biased wording.
B)Both approaches should avoid questions that are very complex.
C)Quantitative measures are likely to be more highly structured.
D)Quantitative measures are likely to use close-ended questions.
E)Qualitative measures are likely to rely primarily on interviews.f.All of these.
F)All of these.
Q4) How does qualitative interviewing differ from quantitative interviewing?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Surveys
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Sample Questions
Q1) The spread of telephone answering machines has improved the quality of data collected by telephone surveys.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe three research questions for which survey research is an appropriate technique of observation.Explain whether these three topics are better suited to an interview or a mailed questionnaire and why.
Q3) Discuss the advantages of combining qualitative research methods with survey research methods.
Q4) In general,survey research is an appropriate observational method for A)describing a population too large to observe directly.
B)cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.
C)the measurement of attitudes prevalent in a larger population
D)all of these.
Q5) Identify five recommendations for conducting online surveys.
Q6) Survey research methods and qualitative research methods are incompatible and should never be combined.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Sampling: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
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Q1) Cluster sampling is a useful sampling procedure for large populations that are geographically scattered.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The terms population and sampling frame are synonymous.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The unit about which information is collected and which provides the basis of analysis is called the A)universe.
B)sampling unit.
C)unit of analysis.
D)sampling frame.
E)element.
Q4) In qualitative inquiry,purposive sampling can be used to select deviant cases as well as representative cases.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Experiments and Quasi-Experiments
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Sample Questions
Q1) The classic experiment with random assignment of participants controls for:
A)research reactivity
B)measurement bias
C)diffusion or imitation of treatments
D)compensatory equalization and rivalry
E)resentful demoralization
F)all of these
G)none of these
Q2) Explain the elements of the class experimental design.Is this design especially useful in dealing with causal relationships? If yes,why? If not,why?
Q3) Time series designs with many measurement points control for statistical regression. A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain what is meant by internal and external validity.
Q5) Discuss how attrition can affect the validity of an experiment and describe steps to minimize attrition.
Q6) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies and the case control design.
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Chapter 13: Single Case Evaluation Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) In single-case experiments,direct observation is always better than using self-report scales or available records.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sometimes it is appropriate to conduct single-case experiments with unstable baselines.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a single-case design with a student at high risk for dropping out of school,a good measurement plan to assess whether our intervention is effective would be to monitor whether or not he/she drops out of school.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a self-report scale has high reliability and validity in group research,we can assume it will have equally high reliability and validity in single-case experiments.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Program Evaluation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how qualitative methods can be used to try to avoid or alleviate the pitfalls identified above in essay number 5.
Q2) Quantitative and qualitative methods can be combined in program evaluations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements is/are true about carrying out experiments and quasi-experiments in social agencies
A)The intervention being tested might not be implemented in the intended fashion.
B)The control condition might be contaminated by interaction between clients in the experimental and control groups.
C)Practitioners might violate the research protocol for case assignment to make sure that clients receive the intervention being evaluated.
D)Reluctance by outside agencies to refer clients might hinder obtaining a sufficient sample size.
E)All of these.
Q4) What steps should program evaluators take in order to foster the utilization of their studies?
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Chapter 15: Additional Methods in Qualitative Inquiry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following contemporary positivist strategies is recommended for enhancing the rigor of qualitative studies?
A)Prolonged engagement
B)Triangulation.
C)Negative case analysis.
D)Leaving a paper trail for auditing.
E)All of these.
Q2) An advantage of qualitative research is that
A)it enables the researcher to draw conclusions about the population.
B)the researcher can control the variables under study.
C)phenomena can be studied in a natural setting.
D)hypotheses can be rigorously tested.
Q3) Describe how grounded theory can be used in conjunction with ethnography.
Q4) Due to their similarity,it is relatively easy,and not paradoxical,to blend the emic and etic perspectives in qualitative observation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In comparison to quantitative research methods,what are the major strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research methods?
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Chapter 16: Analyzing Available Records: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
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Q1) An ideal type is a conceptual model composed of the essential characteristics of social phenomena.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Secondary analysis refers to the analysis of data collected by another researcher for a purpose similar to your research interests.
A)True
B)False
Q3) After examining the FBI Crime Reports for a 30-year period,Professor Hall claimed that the incidence of rape has increased.After examining the same reports,Professor Shine claimed that the reporting of rape,not the incidence of rape,has increased.This illustrates
A)the problem of reliability in using existing statistics.
B)the problem of validity in using existing statistics.
C)the need to replicate existing statistics.
D)the ecological fallacy.
Q4) As a mode of observation,content analysis is essentially an operation of coding.
A)True
B)False
18
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the difference between statistical significance,relationship strength,and substantive significance.
Q2) Your colleague conducts a methodologically flawless randomized experiment with a small sample and finds that 70 percent of the clients treated with intervention A had a successful outcome,while only 60 percent of the clients in the control group had a successful outcome.Based on the difference in these percentages,she concludes that intervention A is effective.Would you agree with her? Explain your answer.
Q3) In an evaluation of an intervention that seeks to increase self-esteem scores,if the mean of the experimental group is 60,the mean of the control group is 50,and the standard deviation of the control group is 5,the Cohen's d effect size is:
Q4) Define and explain how to calculate odds ratios and risk ratios.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) If Wang from the previous question decided to look at whether grandparents who have grandchildren living with them later obtain custody of the grandchildren and then later adopt the grandchildren,Wang would be looking at:
A)Frequencies
B)Causes
C)Processes
D)Structures
E)Magnitudes
Q2) Theory plays an important role in seeking to discover patterns in qualitative analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Qualitative analysis is primarily numerical.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Code notes:
A)Cover reflections about the dimensions of concepts
B)Cover relationships among concepts
C)Identify the code labels and their meanings
D)Discuss the deeper meanings of concepts
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