Qualitative Research Methods
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Qualitative Research Methods introduces students to the principles, theory, and practice of qualitative research in the social sciences and related fields. The course explores key methodologies such as ethnography, case studies, grounded theory, and narrative analysis, emphasizing the collection, analysis, and interpretation of non-numerical data. Students learn about research design, sampling strategies, ethical considerations, and various data collection techniques, including interviews, focus groups, and observations. Through hands-on projects and critical readings, participants develop the skills to conduct independent qualitative research and analyze complex social phenomena, deepening their understanding of human experiences and cultural contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences 8th Edition by Bruce L. Berg
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) The founder of the Iowa School of Symbolic Interactionism is _______.
A) Kuhn
B) Dewey
C) Mead
D) Blumer
Answer: A
Q2) The researcher who coined the term symbolic interaction is _________.
A) Dewey
B) Coole
C) Blumer
D) Parks
Answer: C
Q3) What type of concept does quantitative research measure?
A) Definition
B) Characteristic
C) Number
D) Essence
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Designing Qualitative Research
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Q1) What ethical considerations should be kept in mind when planning your research design?
Answer: In the social sciences, research is most often conducted on human research subjects. As such, their safety and protection must be considered. Subjects cannot encounter harm and should be guaranteed privacy. The properties to consider in the design phase are: honesty; openness of intent; respect for subjects; issues of privacy, anonymity, and confidentiality; the intent of the research; and the willingness of subjects to participate voluntarily.
Q2) The goal of chapter 2 is to ________.
A) provide a strategy for creating ideas, research, and planning research design
B) contrast theoretical frameworks
C) teach researchers how to match research to social laws
D) create a basis for statistical data analysis
Answer: A
Q3) A pitfall of Internet based research is ______.
A) lack of legitimacy and missed physical journal resources
B) fast results
C) incomplete cross referencing
D) enormous amount of data
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Ethical Issues
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Q1) Researchers who believe they have a scientific right to study any group, even if the group is not interested in being studied to further scientific knowledge, adhere to the ________ perspective.
A) ethical absolutist
B) researcher reactivity
C) ethical relativist
D) Hawthorne effect
Answer: C
Q2) The research project that observed casual homosexual encounters, and then tracked subjects to their homes using information from the subjects' license plates to obtain further survey information is the _______.
A) ARTICHOKE program
B) Zimbardo experiment
C) Humphreys' study
D) Milgram experiment
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing
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Q1) When a researcher assumes that he/she does not know in advance every question that should be asked, that subjects will not find equal meaning in like-worded questions, and plans to develop probes during the interview, this is a(n) __________ structure.
A) semistandardized interview
B) standardized interview
C) creative interview
D) unstandardized interview
Q2) Explain 5 of the 10 interviewer commandments.
Q3) Using email, message boards, or privately hosted bulletin posting areas to conduct an interview over the Web over a longer period of time with delays between responses is an example of ____________.
A) Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI)
B) Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI)
C) synchronous environments
D) asynchronous environments
Q4) How can a novice interviewer begin to establish an interviewer repertoire?
Q5) Describe the advantages and disadvantages inherent in telephone interviewing.
Q6) Why is the interviewer repertoire so important?
Q7) How is the language of theatre applied to dramaturgical interviewing?
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Chapter 5: Focus Group Interviewing
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Q1) Compare and contrast focus group interviewing and face-to-face interviewing.
Q2) The first person to write an article on the use of focus groups, or focused interview was ________.
A) Y.R. Zarchin
B) Paul Lazarsfeld
C) C. L. Adler
D) Robert K. Merton
Q3) Compare and contrast focus group interviewing and participant observation.
Q4) What are some advantages of focus group interviewing?
Q5) Historically, for what purpose have focus groups been traditionally used?
A) Psychological research
B) Social Science research
C) Advertising research
D) Marketing research
Q6) What are several reasons that a focus group for complex problems should be kept to around seven participants or less?
Q7) Explain the parts of data and how researchers should analyze the raw data created by a focus group.
Q9) How should focus group participants be selected? Page 7
Q8) Compare and contrast focus group interviewing and unobtrusive measures.
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies
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Q1) A research endeavor that focuses on particular incisions at particular points in the larger setting, group, or institution that are thought to represent salient elements in the lives of participants and in turn, in the life of the larger group or institution is called
A) new ethnography
B) macroethnography
C) microethnography
D) ethnonursing research
Q2) What are subjective versus external motivating factors for research?
Q3) Explain researcher concerns during the "getting in" phase of research.
Q4) How can a researcher record more exactly the events that occur during a field session?
Q5) A practice placing researchers in the midst of whatever it is they study where they can examine various phenomena as perceived by participants and represent these observations as accounts is called _____________.
A) street ethnography
B) organizational ethnography
C) medical ethnography
D) ethnography
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Chapter 7: Action Research
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Q1) In action research, the researcher seeks to produce change, which requires meetings with participants at all phases of the research process. One technique an investigator can use to keep stakeholders informed is spontaneous meetings that form in response to particular circumstances or issues. These are called ___________.
A) focus groups
B) in-group forums
C) informal meetings
D) agency
Q2) During analysis of collected data, which question(s) will the researcher ask to focus in on specific actors, events, and activities that relate to the problems or issues at hand?
A) What and how
B) Why
C) Who, where, when
D) Whether
Q3) What are the three modes of action research, and identify the key characteristics of each.
Q4) What are the main assumptions of action research regardless of which discipline uses the research technique?
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures in Research
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Q1) A type of study striving to understand the relationship between mental, behavioral, and material realities that make up human consumption and disposal, including examination of diet and nutrition, recycling, waste disposal techniques, food waste, and food recovery is called _________________.
A) science of garbology
B) official documentary records
C) crime analysis
D) actuarial records
Q2) An example of a type of measure is using replacement records in order to determine which of a series of high school French language tapes was most frequently used. The hypothesis would be that the tape that required the greatest amount of repair or replacement was the one most frequently used. What type of trace record is this examining?
A) Official documentary records
B) Accretion
C) Physical erosion
D) Archival strategies
Q3) Define official documentary records, and provide an example of their use as an unobtrusive data source.
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Chapter 9: Social Historical Research and Oral Traditions
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Q1) Which kind of source is the Farmer's Almanac?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Q2) Which term can be regarded as a synonym for external criticism?
A) Precision
B) Truthfulness
C) Validity
D) Accuracy
Q3) When a researcher investigates a document to determine if the author listed actually wrote it, or if the version is a counterfeit, this is an example of
A) External criticism
B) Internal criticism
C) Plagiarism
D) Investigator detection
Q4) Define the three types of data sources that historical researchers can use.
Q5) What are the steps required in creating historiography?
Q6) Define how the term historical research is used in the social sciences.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Case Studies
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Q1) Which type of case study provides insight into an issue or refines a theoretical explanation to make it more generalizable?
A) Embedded case study
B) Intrinsic case study
C) Instrumental case study
D) Collective case study
Q2) Which type of case study investigates multiple research entities for the purpose of cross-unit comparison?
A) Snapshot case study
B) Longitudinal case study
C) Pre-post case study
D) Comparative case study
Q3) Which type of personal document can reflect the tone and atmosphere of a setting as well as the level of anxiety, stress, and morale of the writer while also revealing general organization, hierarchy, and roles?
A) Diary
B) Letter
C) Memo
D) Photo and video
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Page 13
Chapter 11: An Introduction to Content Analysis
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Q1) Which content analysis technique involves coding categories derived from the raw data itself, in order to generate theories, or theoretically connected explanations the document under analysis?
A) Directed content analysis
B) Summative content analysis
C) Conventional content analysis
D) Narrative content analysis
Q2) What are the similarities and differences between the inductive and deductive approach to building grounded theory, and can they work together?
Q3) When a researcher is trying to explain the latent symbolic meaning found in research, what corroborative techniques can he/she use to strengthen the argument?
Q4) What is the difference between discourse analysis and content analysis?
Q5) Latent content is comparable to the _______________conveyed by the message.
A) surface structure
B) hidden structure
C) deep structural meaning
D) thick description
Q6) What is content analysis, and what does it seek to accomplish?
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Chapter 12: Writing Research Papers: Sorting the Noodles from the Soup
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Q1) Which writing pitfall obscures whom the subject and recipient of the action is in the sentence?
A) Date stamping
B) Passive voice
C) Vague referrals
D) Long run-on sentences
Q2) What is the difference between a report and a peer-reviewed article?
Q3) Which part of a methodology section describes where data were collected, and demonstrates that it is an appropriate place for the study?
A) Analysis techniques
B) Subjects
C) Data
D) Setting
Q4) What value does rewriting have in research?
Q5) The literature review allows the researcher to establish credibility through citing relevant sources. There is a hierarchy of sources that are well accepted to establish credibility. Explain the hierarchy and its importance to a literature review.
Q6) How should sources referenced in a paper be reported?
Q7) What is plagiarism, and what actions make up plagiarism?
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