Qualitative Methods in Education Test
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Course Introduction
Qualitative Methods in Education explores a range of research approaches that focus on understanding educational phenomena through in-depth investigation of people's experiences, perspectives, and social contexts. This course introduces students to foundational qualitative methodologies such as ethnography, case studies, interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. Emphasizing the importance of context, interpretation, and meaning-making, the course covers strategies for data collection, analysis, and representation within educational settings. Students will engage with ethical considerations, reflexivity, and rigor in qualitative research, and will critically examine published studies to develop their ability to design and conduct their own qualitative research projects in the field of education.
Recommended Textbook
Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences 8th Edition by Bruce L. Berg
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The researcher who coined the term symbolic interaction is _________.
A) Dewey
B) Coole
C) Blumer
D) Parks
Answer: C
Q2) The goal of good research is to systematically discover answers to questions that a researcher has posed. How does qualitative research find answers to questions?
Answer: Qualitative research answers research questions by observing social settings and the groups or individuals who inhabit them to determine how people make sense of their surroundings using social roles, norms, rituals, and social structures. Researchers look for patterns, but do not reduce pattern to the average behavior at the risk of misrepresenting and oversimplifying a population. The researchers often immerse themselves in the community studied to participate, and share in the understandings/perceptions of others with the goal of seeing how people structure and give meanings to their lives.
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3
Chapter 2: Designing Qualitative Research
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Q1) The goal of chapter 2 is to ________.
A) provide a strategy for creating ideas, research, and planning research design
B) contrast theoretical frameworks
C) teach researchers how to match research to social laws
D) create a basis for statistical data analysis
Answer: A
Q2) A pitfall of Internet based research is ______.
A) lack of legitimacy and missed physical journal resources
B) fast results
C) incomplete cross referencing
D) enormous amount of data
Answer: A
Q3) A sampling technique that is excellent for obtaining fast and inexpensive results in a preliminary investigation is ______________.
A) purposive sampling
B) convenience sampling
C) snowball sampling
D) quota sampling
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Ethical Issues
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Q1) The first regulation of research that established a review by an institutional committee as a requirement for research was the ____________.
A) Family Educational Rights to Privacy Act
B) National Research Act
C) Institutional Guide to DHEW [Department of Health, Education, and Welfare] Policy on Protection of Human Subjects
D) U.S. Surgeon General Statement for Public Health Service Research
Answer: D
Q2) The research project that actively infected subjects with syphilis to test the effectiveness of penicillin as a treatment is the _______.
A) Guatemala syphilis study
B) Milgram experiment
C) Tuskegee Syphilis Study
D) ARTICHOKE program
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing
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Q1) When a researcher assumes that the interview should have standard questions adapted to mirror the subjects' vocabularies and perspectives, and seeks to accommodate the varying interpretation of questions in the interview, this is a(n) _______ structure.
A) semistandardized interview
B) standardized interview
C) creative interview
D) unstandardized interview
Q2) A question that asks a person to respond simultaneously to two issues in a single question, creating a false dichotomy creating the idea that the response must be one of the other, not both, is a(n) _____.
A) double-barreled question
B) overly complex question
C) affectively worded question
D) overly simplified question
Q3) What considerations should an interviewer keep in mind when wording questions to obtain all necessary data?
Q4) What steps should an interviewer take when preparing guidelines for the interview to be ready for the interviewing experience?
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Chapter 5: Focus Group Interviewing
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Sample Questions
Q1) A phenomenon that allows a larger number of ideas, issues, and solutions to a problem to be generated through group discussion than through individual conversations is one reason that focus groups are so compelling. What is this called?
A) collective brainstorm
B) moderation
C) synergistic group effect
D) group think
Q2) What are the basic ingredients for a focus group?
Q3) Focus group data that reflect the collective notions shared and negotiated by a group are ______________.
A) collective brainstorms
B) group data
C) synergistic group effects
D) group think
Q4) What population is NOT especially well suited for focus group interviewing?
A) Jurors
B) Bullies
C) Marketing groups
D) Transient populations
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Chapter 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies
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Q1) A change in the definition of ethnography to include a set of highly formal techniques designed to extract cognitive data is called _________________.
A) new ethnography
B) macroethnography
C) microethnography
D) ethnonursing research
Q2) A research project that attempts to describe the entire way of life of a group with a focus on face-to-face interactions of members of the group or institution under investigation is called ________.
A) new ethnography
B) macroethnography
C) microethnography
D) ethnonursing research
Q3) When should field notes be recorded?
A) Before an encounter with a subject
B) During an excursion into the field
C) During a chance meeting with a research subject
D) Immediately following any contact with subjects
Q4) What are the three categories of field notes and what do they include?
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Chapter 7: Action Research
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Q1) What are the characteristics of action research that allow it to be utilized in classrooms, schools, hospitals, justice agencies, and community contexts?
Q2) What is the role of the action researcher?
Q3) There are several questions a researcher should ask when meeting with stakeholders to analyze the data collected. Which question helps to establish general focus for the researchers, and remind the participants of what the focus of the study originally was?
A) How
B) What
C) Where
D) Why
Q4) What are the goals of photo voice?
Q5) During analysis of collected data, which question(s) will the researcher ask to focus in on specific actors, events, and activities that relate to the problems or issues at hand?
A) What and how
B) Why
C) Who, where, when
D) Whether
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures in Research
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Q1) Using publicly published police records and the accompanying video or audio recordings of the police report to study crimes committed during the day or evening of the published account is an example of which type of unobtrusive method?
A) Official documentary records
B) Accretion
C) Physical erosion
D) Archival strategies
Q2) Define official documentary records, and provide an example of their use as an unobtrusive data source.
Q3) What is the diary method, and what are the advantages to using it?
Q4) What aspect of research do unobtrusive measures circumvent?
A) Unethical practices
B) Researcher bias
C) Researcher reactivity
D) Unsound methods
Q5) Define actuarial records and give an example of how they can be used as an unobtrusive data source.
Q6) What ethical concern do researchers need to be aware of when using unobtrusive data?
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Chapter 9: Social Historical Research and Oral Traditions
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Q1) What is external criticism? Provide an example of your own, or from the text that demonstrates why external criticism is necessary.
Q2) When researchers are using primary source materials, they first must determine if the document or artifact is authentic and valid. What is this process called?
A) External criticism
B) Internal criticism
C) Analysis
D) Identification
Q3) What is an oral history?
Q4) Propaganda that is intentionally biased to create hate toward one group would be filtered out as a genuine, but invalid source during which process?
A) External criticism
B) Internal criticism
C) Plagiarism
D) Investigator detection
Q5) Define the three types of data sources that historical researchers can use.
Q6) What are the steps required in creating historiography?
Q7) Define how the term historical research is used in the social sciences.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Case Studies
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Q1) Which type of case study involves extensive research of several instrumental cases intended to allow better understanding, insight, or improved ability to theorize about a broader context?
A) Embedded case study
B) Intrinsic case study
C) Instrumental case study
D) Collective case study
Q2) A researcher undertakes a case study because something important has happened, and he/she wants to understand the particular problem because it is unique and interesting. The researcher is not trying to develop new grounded theory or to test abstract theory. Which type of case study is this example of?
A) Embedded case study
B) Intrinsic case study
C) Instrumental case study
D) Collective case study
Q3) What are the five component elements required in creating a case study design, and how are they connected?
Q4) Name and define three types of case studies.
Q5) Define and describe the essential elements of a case study.
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Chapter 11: An Introduction to Content Analysis
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Q1) Which term describes the actual terms used by individuals under investigation that represent their behavioral processes?
A) Ideological stances
B) Sociological constructs
C) In vivo codes
D) Communication themes
Q2) Which type of coding involves the storage of information, and is the first phase of coding to Morse and Richards?
A) Open coding
B) Coding by topic
C) Descriptive coding
D) Analytic coding
Q3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of content analysis?
Q4) What is content analysis, and what does it seek to accomplish?
Q5) Manifest content is comparable to the ________ present in the message.
A) surface structure
B) hidden structure
C) deep structural meaning
D) thick description
Q6) Explain the four guidelines to open coding.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Writing Research Papers: Sorting the Noodles
from the Soup
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Q1) What value does rewriting have in research?
Q2) Which is NOT a reason that plagiarism occurs?
A) The source said it better than I could have
B) Writing ideas created from reading a text
C) Running out of time
D) Writing from notes and unable to distinguish original thought from text
Q3) Which type of source is subject to a peer review of independent experts in the subject matter?
A) Newspaper article
B) Journal article
C) Independent report
D) Web publication
Q4) Which section of a research paper provides a comprehensive overview of previous works on the general and specific topics considered in the study?
A) Title
B) Abstract
C) Introduction
D) Literature review
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Q5) How should sources referenced in a paper be reported?
Q6) What is plagiarism, and what actions make up plagiarism?
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