Qualitative Methods in Criminology
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of qualitative research methods as they apply to the study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. Students will examine various approaches such as ethnography, in-depth interviewing, case studies, and content analysis, learning how these methods contribute to understanding the social contexts of crime. The course emphasizes the practical aspects of qualitative research, including designing research questions, collecting and analyzing qualitative data, maintaining ethical standards, and interpreting findings. Through hands-on activities and analysis of classic and contemporary qualitative studies, students gain the skills necessary to produce and critically evaluate qualitative criminological research.
Recommended Textbook
Essential Criminal Justice and Criminology Research Methods 1st Edition by Peter B. Kraska
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12 Chapters
395 Verified Questions
395 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Criminal Justice and Criminology Research:
Mapping the Terrain
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ attempts to make theoretical sense of documents by analyzing their cultural meaning.The content of documents is generally seen as its "text," but recently this genre of inquiry includes visual images as well (still pictures and video images).
A)ethnographic field research
B)qualitative document analysis
C)historical research
D)academic legal research
Answer: B
Q2) ______________ is the idea that knowledge generates power and,conversely,power generates knowledge.
A)crime and justice research
B)knowledge-power dynamic
C)critical thinking
D)crime and justice phenomena
Answer: B
Q3) Quantitative research as using text,language,and visually based data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: The Nature of Science and Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________________ means you accept something as being true because it's the way things have always been.
A)Personal experience knowledge
B)common sense knowledge
C)Tradition knowledge
D)authority knowledge
Answer: C
Q2) Like the quantitative researcher,a qualitative researcher will select a topic,design a study,collect data,analyze data,and interpret data.However,the qualitative researcher often collects,analyzes,and interprets data simultaneously,or goes back and forth between these steps.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Scientists should accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree,uncritical manner. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that each of us carries with us an enormous stock of theoretical knowledge essential for making sense of our surroundings is known as a personal theoretical framework.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Although most positivists believe in absolute determinism,PSS downplays an individual's objective or external reasons and any sense of social influence or pressure.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) ____________ are hidden or unstated ideas about the nature of human beings,social reality,or social processes that underlie a theory or theoretical framework
A)theoretical assumptions
B)theoretical concepts
C)ideologies
D)concepts
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Ethics and Reviewing the Literature
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ is a fraud that occurs when a researcher steals the ideas or writings of another or uses them without citing the source.
A)scientific misconduct
B)research fraud
C)plagiarism
D)research atrocities
Q2) A historical review is a common type of review in which the author links a specific study to a larger body of knowledge.It often appears at the beginning of a research report and introduces the study by situating it within a broader framework and showing how it continues or builds on a developing line of thought or study.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The __________________ is based on three moral principles.
A)IRB
B)feminist/critical model of research ethics
C)codes of ethics
D)RIH
Q4) What are the general principles of ethical research?
Q5) What are the essential elements of informed consent?
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Chapter 5: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
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30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ____________ is an interpretation where the researcher links the second order interpretation to general theories and larger social/cultural/historical contexts.
A)first-order interpretation
B)second-order interpretation
C)third-order interpretation
D)fourth-order interpretation
Q2) The ____________ arises from a mismatch of units of analysis. It refers to a poor fit between the units for which a researcher has empirical evidence and the units for which he or she wants to make statements.
A)tautology
B)teleology
C)ecological fallacy
D)reductionism
Q3) The variable that is the effect or is the result or outcome of another variable is the __________________.
A)intervening variable
B)independent variable
C)dependent variable.
D)attributes
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Chapter 6: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement and Sampling
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ relies on the occurrence of a future event or behavior that is logically consistent to verify the indicator of a construct.
A)Concurrent validity
B)Predictive validity
C)Content validity
D)Criterion validity
Q2) ________________ means that multiple measures of the same construct hang together or operate in similar ways.
A)Discriminant validity
B)Convergent validity
C)Construct validity
D)Criterion validity
Q3) To have___________,an indicator must be associated with a preexisting indicator that is already judged to be valid (i.e. ,it has face validity).
A)Concurrent validity
B)Predictive validity
C)Content validity
D)Criterion validity
Q4) List and describe the types of measurement reliability and validity.
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Chapter 7: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Criminal
Justice Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ are stronger than preexperimental designs.They are variations on the classical experimental design,they do not include randomization,and they also sometimes lack a pretest or control group.
A)quasi-experimental designs
B)one-group pretest-posttest design
C)one-shot case-study design
D)classical experimental design
Q2) _______________is related to stability reliability.It occurs when the instrument or dependent variable measure changes during the experiment.
A)testing effect
B)instrumentation
C)history effects
D)maturation effect
Q3) Placebo effect is a reactivity effect named after a famous case in which subjects responded to the fact that they were in an experiment more than to the treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the steps in conducting an experiment?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Survey and Interview Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oftentimes,a seasoned researcher will talk and interact directly with those types of people they will be surveying in order to ensure the relevance of the questions they're asking.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A survey question that contains more than one issue and can create respondent confusion or ambiguous answers is know as ________________.
A)double-barreled question
B)leading question
C)open-ended question
D)closed-ended question
Q3) Questions such as: what would you estimate the overall addiction rate is for crack cocaine use and is there a "crack house" in your neighborhood are designed to measure ______________________.
A)Knowledge.
B)Naïve assumption model
C)Self-classification.
D)Policies.
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Chapter 9: Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________________ is another name for nonreactive measures that emphasizes how the people being studied are not aware of it because the measures do not intrude
A)archival material
B)nonreactive data
C)unobtrusive measures
D)physical traces
Q2) Existing documents and data sets are trouble free because a government agency or other source gathered the original data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____________ is a type of content analysis coding in which a researcher first develops a list of words,phrases,or symbols and then locates them in a communication medium.
A)manifest coding
B)structured coding
C)coding system
D)structured observation
Q4) What are the strengths of unobtrusive research?
Q5) Explain the four characteristics of content identified in coding systems.
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Chapter 10: Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Field research notes that attempt to include all details and specifics of what the researcher heard or saw in a field site and are written to permit multiple interpretations later are called:
A)argot
B)jotted notes
C)analytic memos
D)direct observation notes
Q2) When a field researcher pretends to be less skilled or knowledgeable in order to learn more about a field site she or he is playing the role of __________________.
A)exchange relationships
B)acceptable incompetent
C)normalize field research
D)verstehen
Q3) People are aware of explicit knowledge and readily discuss it.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the steps in field research?
Q5) What are the characteristics of an ideal field informant?
Q6) What are some of the things that fieldworkers do?
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Chapter 11: Historical, Qualitative, Document Analysis, Academic Legal,
and Mixed Methods Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the similarities between historical and ethnographic research?
Q2) Criminal justice/criminology is witnessing an increasing interest in historical research.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____________means we evaluate the authenticity of a document itself to be certain that it is not a fake or a forgery.
A)internal criticism
B)bowdlerization
C)external criticism
D)dialogical criticism
Q4) ___________ is a deliberate distortion designed to protect moral standards or furnish a particular image.
A)internal criticism
B)bowdlerization
C)external criticism
D)dialogical criticism
Q5) Pseudoproof is the placement a historical event within its full context. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) A curvilinear relationship means that a straight line can be visualized in the middle of a maze of cases running from one corner to another.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ______________ is the easiest to use and can be used with nominal,ordinal, interval,or ratio data.It is simply the most common or frequently occurringNumber.
A)mode
B)frequency polygon
C)histogram
D)frequency distribution
Q3) _____________ statistics describe one variable.
A)descriptive
B)statistics
C)univariate
D)multivariate
Q4) The median is the middle point.It is also the 50th percentile,or the point at which half the cases are above it and half below it.
A)True
B)False
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