Public Policy in Canada
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth examination of the policymaking process in Canada, exploring how public policies are formulated, implemented, and evaluated at the federal, provincial, and municipal levels. Students will analyze the roles of key actors, institutions, and interest groups, with a focus on the influence of political, social, and economic factors. The course also covers contemporary policy issues such as healthcare, environment, and Indigenous relations, providing students with practical tools and frameworks to critically assess policy outcomes in the Canadian context.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 7th Edition by Rand Dyck
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The study of politics
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Q1) Feedback is a communication of outputs back into the system, in response to which the pattern of demands and support is altered.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Government authority is based on accountability.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) What analytical approach is closest to the "democratic ideal"?
A)pluralist approach
B)Marxist approach
C)class approach
D)social cleavages approach
Answer: A
Q4) Compare and contrast two of the five approaches to the study of politics (institutional, state- based, political sociology, political psychology and political behaviour approaches and rational choice approach).
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 2: Institutional foundations and the evolution of the state
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Q1) What is the form of government called in which the political executive must maintain the confidence of the elected legislature?
A)responsible government
B)representative government
C)federal government
D)democratic government
Answer: A
Q2) The word "confederation" used by the Fathers of Confederation is actually the opposite of its intended meaning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Despite the implementation of the Constitution Act of 1867, the British still controlled Canadian foreign and trade policies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Regionalism
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Q1) Reciprocal payments are unconditional grants to have-not provinces based on provincial need.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Crown corporations are created for the purpose of public-private partnerships.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) Globalization is one of the reasons for a decline in the manufacturing industry in Ontario.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) John A.Macdonald's 1879 National Policy saw free trade with the United States as a means of promoting and protecting the industrial heartland of Ontario.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Aboriginal peoples
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Q1) Which statement best represents the recommendations of the White Paper?
A)It reasserted the importance of the Indian Act.
B)It recognized the importance of group consciousness.
C)It recommended the government further develop the treaty relationship between Aboriginal peoples and other Canadians.
D)It recommended a complete integration of Aboriginal peoples into Canadian society.
Q2) The armed standoff at Oka related to a dispute over land to be used for a golf course.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Who is represented by the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples advocacy group?
A)status Indians
B)non-status Indias
C)Métis
D)Inuit
Q4) Aboriginal title means a claim to land based on treaty.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is meant by the term "Aboriginal self-government"?
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Chapter 5: french canada and the quebec question
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Q1) The failure of the Meech Lake Accord sparked the creation of the Bloc Québécois.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How can one apply the pluralist and state-based approaches to the discussion of French-English relations in Canada?
Q3) What did the federal Official Languages Act do?
A)It allowed the public to deal with government offices in Ottawa in either English or French.
B)It allowed the public to deal with federal government offices anywhere in Canada in English or French.
C)It required all new federal employees to be bilingual.
D)It required all federal employees to receive language training in either French or English.
Q4) The limit on Bill 178 was 5 years.
A)True B)False
Q5) Quebec has had two referendums on sovereignty issues.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Ethnocultural minorities
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Q1) The term "allophone" refers to those whose mother tongue is either English of French.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which statement best describes the term "multiculturalism" as understood in Canada?
A)the existence of a society marked by ethnic pluralism
B)an official policy that recognizes diverse cultures and encourages linguistic and ethnic heritages
C)a concept also known as official bilingualism
D)racism
Q3) Which clause in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms does NOT address the concerns of ethnocultural minorities?
A)the non-discrimination clause: 15 (1)
B)the affirmative action clause: 15 (2)
C)the multiculturalism clause: 27
D)the Minority Language Education Clause: 23
Q4) Why was there a backlash toward immigrants and visible minorities in the 1990s?
Q5) What were the basic objectives of Trudeau's multiculturalism policy?
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Chapter 7: Gender
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Q1) Pay equity represents "equal pay for work of equal value".
A)True
B)False
Q2) What province was last to extend women's right to vote in provincial elections?
A)Alberta
B)Manitoba
C)Quebec
D)Saskatchewan
Q3) How was sexual orientation added to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A)through the Parliament of Canada
B)through the Supreme Court of Canada
C)through the constitutional amending formula
D)sexual orientation was not added to the Charter
Q4) What is meant by the term "feminization of poverty"?
Q5) The "second wave" of the women's movement began about 1945.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How has representation of women in politics and government progressed in the last century?
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Q7) What are some of the major challenges that women face regarding employment?
Chapter 8: Class
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Q1) Which group does NOT belong under the petite bourgeoisie class?
A)small business people
B)affluent farmers
C)self-employed professionals
D)civil servants
Q2) There are currently almost 1 one million Canadians living in poverty.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are some of the significant differences between the "old" and the "new" middle class?
Q4) The new middle class includes salaried professionals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Social Credit Party pioneered hospital and medical insurance at the provincial level in Saskatchewan.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What does it mean to be "class-conscious? How does this sentiment affect the working and poor classes in Canada?
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Q7) Why are the corporate elite thought to wield so much political power in Canada?
Chapter 9: Other cleavages and identities: urban/rural location,
religion, and age
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Q1) What was the first main religious demand in Canada?
A)establishing the Roman Catholic religion as the main dominant religion in Canada
B)establishing separate school systems for Roman Catholics and Protestants
C)establishing the Protestant religion as the main dominant religion in Canada
D)establishing a Roman Catholic-based constitution
Q2) Which two provinces were the last to handle divorces in their own courts?
A)Ontario and Quebec
B)Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador
C)Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador
D)Ontario and British Columbia
Q3) Rural Canada is partly agricultural and the number of people engaged in farming is increasing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) As early as the 1980s, the recital of the Lord's Prayer in Ontario public schools was outlawed unless it was accompanied by readings from other religious groups.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: CanadaS external environment: the united states and the world
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Q1) What is the dispute-settlement mechanism?
A)a provision of the Canada-U.S.Free Trade Agreement to settle trade disputes
B)a provision of the Parliament of Canada Act to settle disputes between the House of Commons and the Senate
C)a provision of the Canadian Constitution to settle federal-provincial disputes
D)a provision of the UN Charter to settle disputes among nation states
Q2) The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is a Crown corporation
A)True
B)False
Q3) How have international terrorism events, such as 9/11, affected Canadian domestic and foreign policy?
Q4) What are some of the benefits for Canada to establish a free trade agreement with the US?
Q5) By 2011, Canada exported the most to the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What have been the results of the Free Trade agreement and NAFTA for Canada?
Q7) Name five of the principle characteristics of globalization.
Q8) How has the United States influenced Canada, in terms of economic and cultural influences? Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Canadian Political Culture
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Q1) How is popular sovereignty normally expressed in Canada?
A)referendums
B)appointment of judges
C)regular elections
D)popular sovereignty does not exist in Canada
Q2) Seymour Martin Lipset coined the "fragment theory".
A)True
B)False
Q3) What do current advocates of direct democracy promote?
A)the initiative, recall, and referendum
B)more town-hall style meetings
C)one person, one vote
D)stricter party discipline in the House of Commons
Q4) What are some of the main differences between fragment and formative event theories?
Q5) How can Canadians achieve a balance between Individualism and Collectivism?
Q6) The most common form of political participation in Canada is writing letters to the government.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Political socialization, the mass media, and Public opinion polls
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Q1) The Harper government has been maintaining strict control over the flow of information and therefore, has been less accessible to reporters.
A)True
B)False
Q2) During the 1988 election campaign, many groups and companies attempted to influence public opinion about the Free Trade Agreement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which Royal Commission on Newspapers was prompted by the simultaneous closing of the Winnipeg Tribune and Ottawa Journal?
A)the Berger Commission
B)the Kent Commission
C)the MacDonald Commission
D)the Smith Commission
Q4) The National Post supports the Conservatives.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How is public opinion in Canada measured?
Q6) How is the media involved in political agenda-setting?
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Chapter 13: Elections and the electoral system
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Q1) Describe Canada's "first past the post" electoral system.What are the advantages and disadvantages of this system?
Q2) In the first two elections after Confederation, people voted orally and were subject to bribery and intimidation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is NOT necessary for an individual to be nominated as a party's candidate?
A)being endorsed by the party leader
B)filing a financial statement
C)getting 100 local names on his or her nomination papers
D)paying a $1000 deposit
Q4) What are the primary functions of an election in the Canadian political system?
Q5) What type of government is most often produced by the first-past-the-post electoral system?
A)minority
B)dual party
C)popular
D)majority
Q6) Describe how election financing has evolved since pre-1974?
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Political parties and the party system
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Q1) How does party ideology in Canada apply to the major Canadian political parties?
Q2) The CCF party was less socialistic than the current NDP party.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What party system categorized the decade between 1993 and 2003?
A)two-plus party system
B)two-plus-two party system
C)multiparty system
D)three party system
Q4) The first bilingual Quebecker to become leader of the Progressive Conservative party was Pierre Elliot Trudeau.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Liberalism emphasizes government planning, regulation, ownership of some of the major industries, progressive taxation, and redistribution of income via social programs.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What were some of the issues and factors that moved Canada from a third to a fourth party system?
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Parties, voting, and The election campaign
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Q1) What group is overrepresented in terms of candidates in federal elections?
A)business
B)working class
C)visible minorities
D)women
Q2) Regional factors have recently been the strongest sociodemographic influence in Canadian voting behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the sociodemographic bases of political party support in Canada.
Q4) The Liberals would probably have won a majority in the 2004 election had it not been for the sponsorship scandal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The leader's tour is primarily designed to boost the chances of local candidates.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How do core values and beliefs influence how Canadians vote?
Q7) What role do the media play in a party's election campaign?
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Advocacy groups, social movements, and lobbying
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Q1) How do interest groups try to influence the bureaucracy and the executive branch of the government?
Q2) The Canadian Federation of Agriculture is more of a radical group than the National Farmer's Union.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which organization is an example of an issue-oriented pressure group?
A)Canadian Labour Congress
B)Stop Spadina
C)Canadian Council of Chief Executives
D)John Howard Society
Q4) Which of the following is NOT among the most powerful business pressure groups in Canada?
A)Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters
B)Canadian Chamber of Commerce
C)Canadian Federation of Independent Business
D)Council of Canadians
Q5) What are some of the differences and similarities between business and non-business interest groups?
Q6) What are the functions of advocacy groups? Page 19
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Chapter 17: The Canadian constitution and constitutional change
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Q1) A unanimous federal and provincial consent is required to amend the use of English or the French language at the federal level.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the significance of the Clarity Act.
Q3) The JCPC was Canada's final court of appeal until 1949.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Supreme Court ruled that the rest of Canada would be obliged to negotiate with Quebec if 50 percent + 1 voted in favour of a clear question.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does a written constitution differ from an unwritten one?
Q6) Which of the following declared Canada to be totally independent of Britain?
A)Constitution Act 1907
B)The Parliament of Canada Act
C)The British Parliament Act
D)Statute of Westminster
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Q7) What concerns were raised regarding the Meech Lake Accord, 1982?
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Chapter 18: The provinces and the federal system
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Q1) Which term describes a division of powers between central and regional governments such that neither is subordinate to the other?
A)provincialism
B)federalism
C)a unitary government
D)constitutionalism
Q2) What is NOT a characteristic of cooperative federalism?
A)federal-provincial taxation agreements
B)federal-provincial grant programs
C)federal-provincial conferences
D)federal-provincial conflicts are referred to the courts
Q3) What are the conditions set out in the Canada Health Act, 1984 and how well have these been enforced?
Q4) A conditional grant is given by the provinces to Ottawa providing it meets certain conditions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the federal-provincial financial relationship since 1940.
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Chapter 19: The charter of rights and freedoms
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Q1) How are rights and freedoms classified? How have they historically been protected?
Q2) Freedom of expression, security from search and seizure, and freedom of religion have all been extended by judicial interpretation to trade unions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Property rights are not generally considered part of civil liberties in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which case concerns pornography?
A)R v.Butler
B)R v.Rodriguez
C)R v.Lavigne
D)R v.Oakes
Q5) Discrimination in the private sector is normally addressed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How are language rights protected under the Charter of Rights and Freedom?
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Chapter 20: Governing: the policymaking process and policy instruments
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Q1) Which economic theory suggests that the government should intervene with increased spending, even to the extent of borrowing, in order to transfer to individuals?
A)Keynesian economics
B)laissez-faire
C)neo-conservatism
D)neo-liberalism
Q2) What type of management best describes coordination among the many federal government departments?
A)vertical
B)administrative
C)policy coordination
D)horizontal
Q3) The federal and provincial governments have started to move beyond the neo-conservative era of the last 15-20 years.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Air Canada used to be a crown corporation that has since been privatized.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter
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Q1) It is possible for the prime minister to name someone to the Cabinet who has not won the election.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the monarchy?
Q3) What is an important principle of Cabinet operation?
A)collective responsibility
B)compulsory attendance
C)political equality
D)contribution to the budget
Q4) What title is given to an MP who is appointed to assist a Cabinet minister?
A)parliamentary secretary
B)parliamentary assistant
C)executive assistant
D)chief of staff
Q5) What is the Minister of State for Democratic Renewal also known as?
A)PCO Minister
B)PMO Minister
C)Treasury Board Minister
D)Finance Minister
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Chapter 22: The bureaucracy
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Q1) Which official provides an annual report of government funds that have been unlawfully or unwisely spent?
A)Auditor General
B)Information Commissioner
C)Environmental Commissioner
D)Comptroller of the Treasury
Q2) What government department employs the largest number of civil servants?
A)Human Resources and Skills Development
B)Treasury Board
C)Public Works and Government Services
D)National Defence
Q3) What has helped to penetrate "the cloak of secrecy" within the Canadian bureaucracy?
A)the Access to Information Act and Information Commissioner
B)the Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Commissioner
C)the Sunshine doctrine and the Sunset clause
D)the Ombudsman
Q4) The Department of Finance is an opponent of new department spending programs.
A)True
B)False
26
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Chapter 22: The bureaucracy
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Q1) What are the stages of a bill becoming a law?
Q2) At which point of a weekly order of parliamentary business are MPs allowed to make a member statement regarding a specific event or issue?
A)15 minutes preceding Question period
B)15 minutes proceeding Question period
C)at the very beginning of the daily session
D)at the very end of the daily session
Q3) Legislative committees usually have an investigative function, to examine an issue before the government has made up its mind on how to deal with it.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There were 12 minority governments between 1867 and 2011.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Party house leaders are responsible for ensuring that their members are present for important votes and that they vote the right way.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: The judiciary
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Q1) Private law is essential the same as civil law.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The principal legal basis of the Supreme Court of Canada is the Supreme Court Act.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the function of the judiciary?
Q4) Who is the most recently appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada?
A)Beverley McLachlin
B)Marie Deschamps
C)Rosalie Abella
D)Morris Fish
Q5) Which of the following is NOT considered public law?
A)company law
B)constitutional law
C)administrative law
D)taxation law
Q6) What are the powers of the Supreme Court of Canada?
Q7) What are some of the issues and challenges that come with appointing judges?
Page 28
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