Public Policy
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Public Policy is an interdisciplinary course that examines the processes by which governments and public institutions address societal issues through policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Students will explore key concepts, frameworks, and actors involved in shaping policy at the local, national, and international levels. The course covers the policy cycle, agenda-setting, decision-making, and analysis, along with the influence of political, economic, and social factors. Through case studies and practical examples, students will develop critical thinking skills necessary to assess policy effectiveness and understand the challenges of public governance in diverse contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Government in America People Politics and Policy 2012 Election Edition 16th Edition by George C.
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Chapter 1: Introducing Government in America
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Q1) __________ can best be defined as a political philosophy supporting the rights of average citizens in their struggle against privileged elites.
Answer: Populism
Q2) Which theory argues that special interest groups have essentially become sovereign,and the government is merely their servant?
A) pluralism
B) hyperpluralism
C) balance of power
D) bureaucratism
Answer: B
Q3) What is the theory that argues that group competition results in a rough approximation of the public interest in public policy?
A) pluralism
B) hyperpluralism
C) balance-of-power theory
D) elite-and-class theory
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Constitution
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Q1) The body whose delegates signed the Declaration of Independence was the __________.
Answer: Continental Congress
Q2) The Federalists preferred __________ than did the Anti-Federalists.
A) stronger state governments
B) a stronger national government
C) stronger protections of individual liberties
D) shorter terms of office
Answer: B
Q3) The Articles of Confederation required __________ consent from the states for ratification.
A) majority b three-fifths
B) two-thirds
C) unanimous
Answer: C
Q4) After the Revolutionary War,power in the state legislatures shifted from the wealthy to a broader,more democratic group.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Federalism
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Q1) In a(n)__________ system,two or more levels of government share power.
Answer: federal
Q2) Which of the following grants minimizes the paperwork that must be filled out and the strings attached to using the grant?
A) block grants
B) business grants
C) categorical grants
D) programmatic requests
Answer: A
Q3) The Constitution is more specific about the __________ states do not have than about those they possess.
A) grants
B) entitlements
C) powers
D) authorities
Answer: C
Q4) The United States has always had a federal system of government.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Civil Liberties and Public Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the evolution of abortion rights.
Q2) Why does the plight of the Guantanamo detainees raise concerns about civil liberties?
Q3) Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court found to be one of the penumbras of unstated liberties linked to explicitly stated rights?
A) right to marry
B) right to travel
C) right to vote
D) right to privacy
Q4) Gitlow v.New York,in which the Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and of the press are fundamental liberties protected by the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the states,began the development of the __________ doctrine.
A) eminent domain
B) free exercise
C) establishment
D) incorporation
Q5) In the 1970s,the Supreme Court suspended __________ because it was being imposed arbitrarily.After states made their laws and practices less arbitrary,it was later reinstated.
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Chapter 5: Civil Rights and Public Policy
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Q1) In Korematsu v.United States,the Supreme Court upheld the use of __________ for Japanese Americans.
Q2) The passage of the Equal Rights Amendment has helped ensure women's equality in the workplace.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Since the 1950s,the Supreme Court has gradually eliminated virtually all de facto segregation in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________.
A) race
B) gender
C) involvement in insurrection
D) property ownership
Q5) __________ programs are designed to help remedy continued inequality by giving special attention to members of previously discriminated-against groups.
Q6) Jim Crow laws required __________ of African Americans and whites.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Public Opinion and Political Action
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Q1) Which of the following is unconventional political participation?
A) running for an unopposed office
B) signing a petition in a school parking lot
C) gathering signatures for a proposed ballot measure
D) staging a sit-in
Q2) Average grade-school youngsters spend more time each week watching television than they spend at school.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Aging increases strength of party attachment and political participation (until the infirmities of old age make it harder to participate).
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following generally increase with age?
A) liberalism and political tolerance
B) candidate loyalty and authoritarianism
C) political participation and suspicion of out-groups
D) political participation and strength of party attachment
Q5) Perhaps surprisingly,no __________ gap is evident on the issue of abortion.
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Chapter 7: The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
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Q1) __________ is the process through which people consciously choose to get the news from information sources that have viewpoints compatible with their own.
Q2) The media's emphasis on the slowly improving American economic situation in 2012 rather than the record number of long-term unemployed Americans is an example of __________.
A) investigative journalism
B) agenda setting
C) policy entrepreneurship
D) narrowcasting
Q3) As technology has enabled the media to pass along information with greater speed,news coverage has become __________.
A) more homogenous
B) less thorough
C) more objective
D) less biased
Q4) What are policy entrepreneurs,and how do they try to get their underrepresented issues on the governmental agenda?
Q5) Press conferences are meetings of __________ with reporters.
Q6) What are media events,and how are they used?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Political Parties
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Q1) Richard Nixon's __________ attempted to bring conservatives over to the Republican Party in what was a Democratic stronghold at the time.
A) Southern strategy
B) Western strategy
C) suburban strategy
D) urban strategy
Q2) Why are coalition governments so prevalent in parliamentary systems?
A) Parliamentary systems are nonpartisan, but coalition governments can often act much like parties.
B) The winner-take-all system that is used in parliamentary systems encourages coalition governments.
C) Coalition governments discourage third parties.
D) In a multiparty system, single parties may not win a majority of the seats.
Q3) The __________ model suggests the majority party must accept responsibility for the performance of the government.
Q4) What is party image? How does it influence elections?
Q5) What are the three major types of third parties? Should third parties play a greater role in the electoral process?
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Chapter 9: Campaigns and Voting Behavior
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Q1) How would switching to direct election of the president affect Texas?
A) Texas would receive more attention from candidates trying to win votes in major population centers like Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio.
B) Texas would receive less attention from candidates because it would no longer be a battleground state.
C) Texas would receive very little attention from candidates because it is currently a safe state.
D) Texas would become a safe state for the other party.
Q2) Why do winning candidates claim a mandate even though political scientists generally discredit the mandate theory of elections?
A) Politicians think that political scientists do not understand how things actually work.
B) Voters do not necessarily prefer all of the winning candidate's issue positions.
C) Winning candidates want to justify their policy proposals by claiming that the public supports them.
D) Winning candidates are not well versed in the political science literature.
Q3) The biggest budget item in a presidential or Senate campaign is __________.
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Chapter 10: Interest Groups
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Q1) The National Rifle Association is an example of a trade association.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is an amicus curiae brief?
A) a written argument submitted to a court in support of one side of a case
B) an internal memo circulated among interest group leaders, briefing them on the details of a court case
C) a petition submitted to Congress in support of or opposition to a judicial nominee
D) a petition submitted to an executive branch agency, requesting a review of the agency's decision
Q3) Evaluate whether PACs contribute to a political system that disproportionately caters to special interests as hyperpluralists contend.
Q4) What do right-to-work laws uphold?
A) amicus curiae briefs
B) workers' rights to collective goods
C) the requirement that workers in a union shop must join the union
D) workers' freedom to decline the opportunity to join a union
Q5) Anti-Vietnam War activists formed __________ interest groups.
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Chapter 11: Congress
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Q1) Explain the selection and responsibilities of committee chairs.
Q2) What is the typical process followed by a bill in the House of Representatives?
A) introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, full committee report, full House vote, Committee on Rules, conference committee, send to president
B) introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, full committee report, Committee on Rules, full House vote, conference committee, full House vote, send to president
C) introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, Committee on Rules, full committee report, conference committee, full House vote, send to president
D) introduction, committee referral, Committee on Rules, subcommittee, full committee report, full House vote, conference committee, send to president
Q3) Conference committees are formed when the Senate and the House pass different versions of the same bill.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The __________ is second in line (after the vice president)to succeed a president should that office become vacant.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: The Presidency
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Q1) A divided government occurs when the president is of one party and a majority in either house of Congress is of the other party.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a "rally event" as it relates to public approval of the president?
A) George H. W. Bush's reelection after the Gulf War
B) Richard Nixon's approval ratings during Watergate
C) George W. Bush's surge in popularity after the 9/11 terrorist attacks
D) Ronald Reagan's decision to seek a second term
Q3) Since Lyndon Johnson,presidents have tended to __________.
A) oppose government growth
B) support an increase in the role of government
C) advocate for reductions in military spending
D) exercise their veto power more aggressively
Q4) The president seeks advice from the __________ regarding how much the administration should propose to spend for each government program.
Q5) Describe the role of the First Lady.
Q6) What is a veto? Can a veto be overridden?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Budget: The Politics of Taxing and Spending
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Q1) The debt ceiling is a limit on how much the federal government can borrow that can be increased by Congress.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the difference between state and federal budgets for capital projects.Which do you think operates more efficiently?
Q3) Tax expenditures are __________.
A) yearly appropriations of funds by the president and Congress
B) revenue losses from special exemptions, exclusions, or deductions
C) the financial resources of the government
D) federal policies allocating tax burdens and benefits
Q4) The biggest slice of the budget pie has shifted from income security expenditures to defense expenditures.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Taxes that are __________ to the cost of living prevent taxpayers from being bumped into a higher tax bracket due solely to inflation.
Q6) President Eisenhower warned against the increasing influence of the __________.
Q7) What is an omnibus bill? How do omnibus bills affect the budgetary process?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Federal Bureaucracy
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of Max Weber's merit principle?
A) evaluating political candidates based on personal characteristics
B) evaluating political candidates based on work experience
C) hiring bureaucrats based on their ability to do the job
D) evaluating a policy proposal based on its benefits
Q2) Both Congress and the president are involved in appointing individuals to key positions in the federal bureaucracy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Evaluate whether efforts to curb air pollution should rely on command-and-control policy or incentive systems.
Q4) Under __________,most jobs in the federal bureaucracy are awarded on the basis of skills and expertise.
Q5) How did the Hatch Act reinforce reforms initiated under the Pendleton Act? When were these acts passed? What event precipitated the Pendleton Act?
Q6) President Obama's proposal to stem carbon dioxide emissions through a cap-and-trade system illustrates the use of a(n)__________ in the design of public policies.
Q7) Evaluate the claim that the number of government bureaucrats has been growing.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Federal Courts
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Q1) U.S.attorneys do not have lifetime appointments.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Constitution sets the terms of district court judges at 10 years and court of appeals judges at 20 years.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which Court was one of the most active in shaping public policy in the twentieth century?
A) Rehnquist
B) Warren
C) Fortas
D) Chase
Q4) Which of the following is the authority vested in a particular court to hear a case first?
A) original jurisdiction
B) judicial review
C) jurisprudence
D) confirmation
Q5) Explain the significance of Marbury v.Madison.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Economic and Social Welfare Policymaking
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Q1) The most expensive public policy in the United States is __________.
Q2) Monetary policy uses the money supply to affect growth in the U.S.economy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Of the following countries,which provides the shortest amount of paid parental leave for a two-parent family?
A) France
B) Switzerland
C) Germany
D) the United States
Q4) What type of federal program is Medicaid?
A) discretionary
B) means-tested
C) social insurance
D) entitlement
Q5) How does the unemployment rate differ from the underemployment rate? Why is it important to take both of these rates into account when evaluating the economy?
Q6) Imagine the economy is slipping into a recession.What would a Keynesian advocate and why?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Understanding Health Care, Environmental, and Energy Policy
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Q1) The cost of premiums for family coverage through employer-based insurance has increased by more than 150 percent since 2000.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The __________ strongly opposed President Truman's call for national health insurance.
Q3) The United States has a lower infant mortality rate than Japan.
A)True
B)False
Q4) NIMBY usually applies to which of the following policy areas?
A) health care for the poor
B) health care for the elderly
C) health care for children
D) the environment
Q5) Senior citizens are especially likely to be concerned about potential cuts to the health care program known as __________.
Q6) Why are some people concerned about the long-term sustainability of Medicare? What do you think could be done to address this issue?
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Q7) Why did Barack Obama want to pass a health care reform bill?
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Chapter 18: National Security Policymaking
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Q1) Which of the following statements about terrorism is accurate?
A) Terrorism usually involves military personnel and military targets.
B) Terrorism is often designed to demoralize and frighten the general public.
C) Terrorism is usually financed by the government.
D) Only nongovernmental political actors engage in terrorism.
Q2) The belief that free trade is especially important in a global economy was the impetus for the __________ among the United States,Canada,and Mexico.
Q3) Who instituted the Marshall Plan and who benefited directly from it?
A) The Soviet Union instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Germany.
B) Germany instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit itself.
C) The United Nations instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Germany, Italy, and Japan.
D) The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Europe.
Q4) What is a tariff? Why has the world economy moved from high tariffs and protectionism to lower tariffs and nontariff barriers?
Q5) What was Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative? Do you think the U.S.government should implement such an initiative today? Why or why not?
Q6) The __________ was the U.S.effort to help Western Europe after World War II.
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