Public Health Policy
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Public Health Policy explores the principles, development, implementation, and evaluation of policies that influence population health at local, national, and global levels. The course examines the interplay between governmental systems, advocacy organizations, and stakeholders in shaping health policies that impact disease prevention, healthcare access, and health equity. Students analyze policy-making processes, ethical considerations, and the roles of evidence-based research and public opinion. Case studies highlight current challenges and responses to public health issues such as vaccination, tobacco control, nutrition, and emergency preparedness, equipping students with the skills to assess and influence policy for improved public health outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Health Economics 6th Edition by Rexford E. Santerre
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16 Chapters
240 Verified Questions
240 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3933
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All points along the production possibilities frontier maximize equity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Opportunity costs only occur when there is government involvement in markets such as health care.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Any point _______ the production possibilities frontier is efficient and attainable.
A) inside of B) along
C) outside of D) both a and b are correct
E) both a and c are correct
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Health and Medical Care: an Economic Perspective
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______ states that distribution of income directly impacts health.
A) absolute income hypothesis
B) relative income hypothesis
C) relative position hypothesis
D) income inequality hypothesis
E) absolute position hypothesis
Answer: D
Q2) Advancements in medical technology allow people to obtain greater amounts of health with the same amount of medical care.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The concept of _______ helps explain why some people choose not to visit their primary care physician every day.
A) inseparability
B) human capital
C) diminishing marginal utility
D) process quality
E) absolute income hypothesis
Answer: C
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cost and Benefit Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Failure to achieve the maximum total net societal benefit (TNSB) results in some amount of _______.
A) deadweight loss
B) negative TNSB
C) increasing opportunity costs
D) unnecessary direct costs
E) diminishing marginal productivity
Answer: A
Q2) Cost-effectiveness analysis assumes that _______.
A) the outcome is desirable
B) the marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost
C) resources are unlimited
D) there are no indirect costs
E) new technology is preferable to old technology
Answer: A
Q3) Cost-effectiveness analysis is useful in deciding if public funds should be spent on military personnel or public health initiatives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Health Care Systems and Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of U.S. hospitals operate as non-profit organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Increased consumer copayment requirements may help to reduce health care expenditures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The two major types of public health insurance in the U.S. are _______,
A) Blue Cross and Blue Shield
B) Blue Shield and Medicaid
C) Blue Cross and Medicare
D) Medicare and Blue Shield
E) Medicare and Medicaid
Q4) Market failure results from which of the following in the medical care market?
A) Lack of fully informed consumers
B) Social equity
C) Externalities
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
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Chapter 5: The Demand for Medical Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consumer demand for medical care is considered a _______ demand, as it depends on the consumer's demand for good health.
A) absolute
B) derived
C) relative
D) supplemental
E) supply-side
Q2) Time costs of acquiring medical care are considered _______.
A) direct non-medical costs
B) direct medical costs
C) opportunity costs
D) both a and b
E) both a and c
Q3) As consumers purchase more medical care, the marginal utility per dollar spent on medical care increases.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Larger deductible requirements decrease the risk of moral hazard.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Demand for Medical Insurance: Traditional and Managed Care Coverage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals with higher annual incomes possess a greater incentive to purchase more comprehensive health insurance coverage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Consumer-driven healthcare attempts to _______ moral hazard costs by _______ out-of-pocket expenditures faced by consumers.
A) increase; decreasing B) decrease; decreasing C) increase; increasing D) decrease; increasing
E) None of the above
Q3) According to John Nyman, classic economic theory overstates the degree of overconsumption of medical services by only considering ______.
A) inefficient moral hazard
B) pure premiums
C) risk-averse consumers
D) efficient moral hazard
E) income effects
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Chapter 7: Medical Care Production and Costs
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ occur when the cost of producing two outputs is less than the sum of the costs incurred when producing each output individually.
A) Economies of scale
B) Economies of scope
C) Diseconomies of scale
D) Diseconomies of scope
E) None of the above
Q2) If a hospital is experiencing diseconomies of scale, it can reduce the average total cost of production by producing a greater quantity of medical services.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The _______ of nurses is represented as the change in medical services provided by an additional unit of nurse-labor.
A) marginal product
B) marginal cost
C) average product
D) opportunity cost
E) none of the above
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9
Chapter 8: Structure, Conduct, Performance, and Market Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) A decrease in the demand for medical care will cause the real hourly wage of physicians to increase.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The net benefit received through the purchase and consumption of medical care is referred to as _______.
A) economic surplus
B) deadweight loss
C) consumer surplus
D) producer surplus
E) None of the above
Q3) If a large number of nurses chose to leave the profession in pursuit of alternative careers, what would be the likely impact on the market?
A) permanent surplus
B) temporary shortage
C) temporary surplus
D) permanent shortage
E) none of the above
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Chapter 9: Government, Health, and Medical Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Medical care is a public good, as it is both non-rival and non-excludable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a price ceiling on physician services is going to be effective, it must be set ______ the competitive market equilibrium price to prevent the market from driving the price
_______.
A) below; up B) below; down
C) equal to; up
D) above; down E) above; up
Q3) If a price ceiling in a competitive market for physician services is effective, it will result in a market ______ of physician services due to the _______ price. A) surplus; lower B) surplus; higher C) shortage; higher D) shortage; lower E) none of the above
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11
Chapter 10: Government As Health Insurer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Medicare _______ covers hospital inpatient services, while _______ covers prescription drug benefits.
A) Part A; Part B
B) Part B; Part D
C) Part B; Part A
D) Part C; Part B
E) Part A; Part D
Q2) _______ Medicaid reimbursement rates will _______ the opportunity cost of treating privately insured patients.
A) Decreasing; increase
B) Increasing; not affect
C) Increasing; decrease
D) Decreasing; decrease
E) Decreasing; not affect
Q3) Increasing access to medical care for low income individuals and households through the expansion of Medicaid eligibility requirements could decrease the quality of medical care received by current Medicaid beneficiaries.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Private Health Insurance Industry
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15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ occurs when consumers have less incentive to avoid risky behaviors.
A) Ex post moral hazard
B) Ex ante moral hazard
C) Adverse selection
D) Asymmetric information
E) none of the above
Q2) Individuals who have access to large-group coverage are _______ likely to fall victim of cherry-picking behavior because the total cost of health insurance is distributed among a _______ number of subscribers.
A) less; larger
B) more; larger
C) less; smaller
D) equally; similar
E) equally; larger
Q3) Third-party payments provide incentives for the adoption of new technologies that may carry low benefits with high costs.
A)True
B)False
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13
Chapter 12: The Physician Services Industry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following exemplifies the principal-agent theory within medical care?
A) The doctor-patient relationship
B) The doctor-payer relationship
C) The patient-payer relationship
D) Both a and c
E) All of the above
Q2) An increase in the use of physician extenders would decrease costs of providing medical care.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The _______ suggests that per capita variations in the use of medical care are due to variations in clinical opinions regarding the appropriate amount and type of medical care.
A) physician practice hypothesis
B) supplier-induced demand hypothesis
C) enthusiasm hypothesis
D) principal-agent hypothesis
E) small area variation hypothesis
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14
Chapter 13: The Hospital Services Industry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Certificates of need promote price competition amongst hospitals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Continued hospital consolidations have led to diminished market concentration in most metropolitan market areas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the _______, new technology is most likely to be adopted by research and teaching hospitals first.
A) quantity maximization model
B) quality maximization model
C) managerial expense preference model
D) quality/quantity maximization model
E) utility maximization model
Q4) Demand for hospital services in the U.S. is considered to be _______.
A) inelastic
B) elastic
C) unit elastic
D) income elastic
E) none of the above
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Chapter 14: The Pharmaceutical Industry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following accounts for the largest share of expenditures on prescription drugs?
A) Private insurance
B) Medicare
C) Medicaid
D) Medigap
E) Out-of-pocket
Q2) The FDA tends to focus more on reducing _______ errors since the victims are _______ identifiable than those from _______ errors.
A) type 1; less; type 2
B) type 2; more; type 1
C) type 2; less; type 1
D) type 1; more; type 2
E) None of the above
Q3) Unconstrained physicians are more inclined to purchase brand-name instead of generic products because they are unaffected financially by the drug choice.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Long-Term Care Industry
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Scanlon model, a decrease in Medicaid reimbursement rates will lead to _______.
A) increase in the amount of privately-insured patients served
B) increase in the amount of Medicaid patients served
C) decrease in the price charged to privately-insured patients
D) no changes in the patient mix served
E) increase in the price charged to privately-insured patients
Q2) Prospective payment systems _______ costs, _______ quality, and result in _______ severe patient case-mixes.
A) raise; diminish; more
B) raise; improve; less
C) decrease; improve; more
D) raise; improve; more E) decrease; diminish; less
Q3) Prospective payment systems raise costs, improve quality, and result in more severe patient case-mixes.
A)True
B)False
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17
Chapter 16: Health Insurance Reform
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the generic health plans would best eliminate the problem of moral hazard?
A) Managed competition
B) National health insurance
C) Medical savings accounts
D) Individual mandates
E) Both a and c
Q2) Which of the following policy actions would be most beneficial under the assumptions of Theory Y?
A) Install regulations to mitigate economic forces
B) Tax the sick
C) Discourage new medical technologies
D) Limit financial awards, which reduce the quality of care
E) equally; larger
Q3) Unlike an individual mandate system, reform focused on medical savings accounts would have minimal impact on labor markets.
A)True
B)False
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