Psychopharmacology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Psychopharmacology is the scientific study of the effects of drugs on mood, behavior, cognition, and the nervous system. This course explores the basic principles of pharmacology, including drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, as well as the mechanisms of action of various classes of psychoactive substances. Students examine the impact of prescribed and recreational drugs on neurotransmission and neural circuits, with a focus on their use in treating psychiatric and neurological disorders. Ethical and societal considerations, drug dependence, tolerance, and potential side effects are also discussed, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between drugs and brain function.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 11th Edition by James W. Kalat
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15 Chapters
3327 Verified Questions
3327 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Major Issues
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207 Verified Questions
207 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be a functional explanation for why birds sing?
A) Testosterone causes the growth of certain brain areas which control singing in certain birds.
B) Birds sing due to instinct.
C) Birds sing because they hear their song early in life and form a template which controls later singing.
D) Birds sing to defend territories and attract mates.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following would contribute to an overestimation of heritability?
A) Increasing the genetic similarity between people
B) Eliminating the multiplier effect
C) Overestimating the effect of the environment
D) Ignoring the effect of the prenatal environment
Answer: D
Q3) The sex chromosomes X and Y are known as autosomal genes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Describe the relationship between heredity and environment.
Answer: NOT ANSWER.
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Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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228 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?
A) thiamine deficiency resulting from alcoholism
B) glucose deficiency resulting from alcoholism
C) viruses that manage to cross the blood-brain barrier
D) glial cells that over-reproduce and increase pressure in the brain
Answer: A
Q2) The insulating material which covers many vertebrate axons is called the:
A) dendrite.
B) myelin sheath.
C) cell body or soma.
D) presynaptic terminal.
Answer: B
Q3) Voltage-activated channels are channels for which a change in the voltage across the membrane alters their:
A) permeability.
B) length.
C) number.
D) threshold.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Synapses
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225 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE about EPSPs?
A) It takes two to produce an action potential.
B) They decay over time and space.
C) They can be either excitatory or inhibitory.
D) They occur because potassium gates open.
Answer: B
Q2) The basic building blocks for the majority of neurotransmitters are:
A) amino acids.
B) nitric oxide.
C) sugars.
D) carbohydrates.
Answer: A
Q3) A common drug to treat alcoholism that produces illness after consuming alcohol is: A) antabuse
B) NMDA
C) COMT
D) anandamide
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Anatomy of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the main differences between basal ganglia and cerebellum function.
Q2) A fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal cord is called the:
A) ventricle.
B) central canal.
C) raphe system.
D) meninge.
Q3) Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter released by:
A) the sympathetic nervous system's postganglionic synapses.
B) the parasympathetic nervous system's postganglionic axons.
C) intrinsic neurons in the spinal cord.
D) intrinsic neurons of the hippocampus.
Q4) The ____ constitutes a higher percentage of the brain in primates than in other species of comparable size.
A) cerebral cortex
B) cerebellum
C) basal ganglia
D) thalamus
Q5) Hydrocephalus is caused by inflammation of the meninges.
A)True
B)False
6
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Chapter 5: Development and Plasticity of the Brain
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215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be the best treatment for helping someone who is suffering from a stroke caused by a blood clot?
A) decrease activity of the sodium-potassium pump
B) warm the brain
C) administer tPA
D) enhance glutamate release
Q2) When do the ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord form?
A) shortly after birth in humans
B) just as the forebrain starts its rapid phase of growth
C) early in embryonic development
D) during the third trimester
Q3) Proliferation occurs:
A) at the top of the spinal column.
B) around the vesicles.
C) around the ventricles.
D) at the expanding edge of the brain.
Q4) Define differentiation during neural development.
Q5) Recent evidence suggests that adult vertebrate brains generate new neurons.
A)True
B)False
7
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Chapter 6: Vision
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237 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ganglion cells near the fovea in humans and other primates are called ____ ganglion cells.
A) midget
B) giant
C) reticulated
D) cone-shaped
Q2) Photopigments are stable in the dark.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cortical area ____ appears to be where conscious visual perception occurs.
A) V4
B) V3
C) V2
D) V1
Q4) The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the:
A) ventral stream.
B) dorsal stream.
C) lateral stream.
D) magnoparvocellular pathway.
Q5) Describe why humans have a blind spot.
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Chapter 7: The Other Sensory Systems
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244 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following assumptions is necessary for the place theory of pitch perception, but NOT for the frequency theory?
A) Various auditory neurons respond best to different wavelengths.
B) The response of an auditory neuron declines if a sound is repeated many times.
C) The louder a sound, the more auditory neurons respond to it.
D) Most times we hear a combination of many wavelengths, not a pure tone.
Q2) What is the basis for differences in sensory abilities across species?
A) The larger the organism, the more intense the stimulus must be to be detected.
B) All organisms detect all stimuli, but only focus on those involved in survival.
C) Organisms detect a range of stimuli that are biologically relevant for that species.
D) The larger the organism, the larger the range of stimuli detected.
Q3) What is the function of the pinna?
A) It vibrates in synchrony with high-frequency tones.
B) It protects the eardrum from overstimulation.
C) It filters out distracting sounds.
D) It helps us locate the source of sounds.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would most likely happen with damage to the prefrontal cortex?
A) Inability to move
B) Loss of somatosensory experiences
C) Poorly planned movements
D) No effect on movement
Q2) Children with ____ were found to have less activity in the brain areas believed to contain mirror neurons.
A) MS
B) polio
C) autism
D) ADHD
Q3) A contraction of equal force in antagonist muscles of the arm would result in ____ of the arm.
A) flexion
B) extension
C) no movement
D) rotation
Q4) What is the neuromuscular junction?
Q5) What are the three main structures of the basal ganglia?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Wakefulness and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) Orexin is not necessary for waking up, but it is for staying awake.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What effects are generally produced during prolonged sleep deprivation in laboratory animals?
A) continuous seizures
B) few noticeable adverse effects
C) similar effects to sleep deprivation studies with humans
D) more severe effects than in sleep deprivation studies with humans
Q3) What happens if people are put in an environment that is constantly dark?
A) It does not affect them in any way.
B) They complain that they cannot sleep.
C) They complain that they have difficulty waking up.
D) They follow a cycle closer to 28 hours than to 24 hours.
Q4) According to the evolutionary perspective of sleep, the primary function of sleep is to:
A) conserve energy.
B) promote brain development.
C) restore body functions that were exhausted during wakefulness.
D) enable the person to re-experience, in dreams, the events of the past.
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Chapter 10: Internal Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A loss of blood will lead to what kind of thirst?
A) Osmotic
B) Non-homeostatic
C) Hypovolemic
D) Postprandial
Q2) Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose leaves the blood and enters the cells?
A) CCK
B) Aldosterone
C) Glucagon
D) Insulin
Q3) Newborn animals survive at first on mother's milk.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Animals eat more frequent (but normal size) meals after damage to the ____. They eat larger meals (but at normal frequency) after damage to the ____.
A) paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus
B) ventromedial hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus
C) lateral hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus
D) paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamus
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Chapter 11: Reproductive Behaviors
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211 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some studies have linked male homosexuality to having a greater number of:
A) older sisters.
B) younger sisters.
C) older brothers.
D) younger brothers.
Q2) In general, men are more jealous of sexual infidelity than women.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is most likely an example of the organizing effects of sex hormones?
A) increased heart rate during exercise
B) determination of genetic sex
C) masculinization of the brain
D) nest building
Q4) Estrogen production by the ovary causes the male Wolffian system to degenerate in females.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe some of the evidence that brain anatomy may differ as a function of sexual orientation.
13
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Chapter 12: Emotional Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Output from the amygdala to the ____ modifies approach and avoidance responses.
A) brain stem
B) hypothalamus
C) prefrontal cortex
D) basolateral nuclei
Q2) Across studies involving amygdala damage, the general conclusion seems to be that the amygdala is important for:
A) focusing attention on emotional stimuli.
B) only the expression of emotion.
C) only the interpretation of emotion.
D) the normal startle response.
Q3) Blood and urine levels of which chemicals are related to a history of violent suicide attempts?
A) high amount of serotonin turnover
B) low amount of serotonin turnover
C) high levels of L-dopa
D) low levels of L-dopa
Q4) Prefrontal cortex damage always results in poor decisions.
A)True
B)False
14
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Chapter 13: The Biology of Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) A rat must swim through murky water to find a rest platform that is just under the surface in the:
A) radial maze.
B) Morris search task.
C) configurable learning task.
D) delayed matching-to-sample task.
Q2) Which of the following drug types is most promising for treating people with failing memory?
A) Tranquilizers
B) Endorphins
C) Depressants
D) Stimulants
Q3) If a stimulus is presented repeatedly, followed by no other stimulus, the animal will gradually stop responding. This is known as:
A) sensitization.
B) habituation.
C) classical conditioning.
D) imprinting.
Q4) What is Korsakoff's syndrome?
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Chapter 14: Cognitive Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Someone suffering from Wernicke's aphasia has difficulty:
A) articulating speech.
B) reading aloud.
C) understanding speech.
D) using prepositions and conjunctions.
Q2) The brain has ____ control of the trunk muscles.
A) ipsilateral
B) contralateral
C) bilateral
D) no
Q3) The left and right hemispheres exchange information through a set of axons called the corpus callosum.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The strongest evidence for a critical period for human language development is the:
A) exceptional language abilities of children with Williams syndrome.
B) different lateralization of first language and second language.
C) differences in language between Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia.
D) difficulty deaf children have learning sign language if they start late.
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Chapter 15: Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens when schizophrenics stop taking neuroleptic drugs?
A) They usually stop having auditory hallucinations.
B) Schizophrenic symptoms return within hours, often worse than ever.
C) Tardive dyskinesia may continue.
D) Memory problems become more apparent.
Q2) Several lines of evidence suggest that depressed people have lower than normal levels of activity in the:
A) parietal lobes.
B) occipital lobes.
C) right hemisphere.
D) left hemisphere.
Q3) Researchers have found that the brains of schizophrenics release:
A) too little dopamine.
B) too much GABA.
C) too little serotonin.
D) too little glutamate.
Q4) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors normally inhibit reuptake of serotonin.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define major depression.
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