Psychopharmacology Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Psychopharmacology is the scientific study of the effects of drugs on mood, perception, cognition, and behavior, with a particular focus on medications used to treat psychiatric disorders. This course examines the mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, side effects, and potential for abuse of psychoactive substances, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, mood stabilizers, and stimulants. Students will explore the neurobiological underpinnings of drug action, learn about drug development and clinical trials, and discuss contemporary issues such as personalized medicine and emerging treatments. The course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how drugs influence the brain and behavior, preparing students for careers in psychology, neuroscience, pharmacology, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 12th Edition by James W.
Kalat
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15 Chapters
1794 Verified Questions
1794 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At what point do the sodium gates begin to close,shutting out further entry of sodium into the cell?
A)at the peak of the action potential
B)when the threshold is reached
C)at the end of the relative refractory period
D)when the concentration gradient for sodium is eliminated
Answer: A
Q2) Neurons typically have one ____,but many ____.
A)dendrite; axons
B)axon; dendrites
C)cell body; axons
D)dendrite; cell bodies
Answer: B
Q3) Schwann cells build the myelin sheaths in the periphery of the body.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Synapses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transmission of information between neurons occurs in the same way as transmission along an axon.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?
A)Only spatial summation can produce an action potential.
B)Spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory neuron.
C)Temporal summation produces a hyperpolarization instead of a depolarization.
D)Spatial summation alters the response of more than one postsynaptic cell.
Answer: B
Q3) The presynaptic terminal stores high concentrations of neurotransmitter molecules in ____.
A)axons
B)vesicles
C)peptides
D)dendrites
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parasympathetic neurons use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The parasympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have?
A)8
B)10
C)12
D)16
Answer: C
Q4) The medulla controls a number of reflexes through ____.
A)the midbrain
B)the forebrain
C)cranial nerves
D)skeletal nerves
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity
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123 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define proliferation during neural development.
Q2) If most of the axons that transmit dopamine to some brain area die or become inactive,the remaining dopamine synapses become ____.
A)less responsive
B)less easily stimulated
C)more resistant
D)more responsive
Q3) Suppose that adopted children are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents in their preferences for a flavor of ice cream.Which statement is true in this circumstance?
A)Heritability of this trait is high.
B)Preferences for ice cream are determined solely by the environment.
C)Flavors of ice cream are naturally selected.
D)Heritability of this trait is low.
Q4) In development,neurotrophins ____.During adulthood,they ____.
A)preserve neurons; produce apoptosis
B)produce apoptosis; increase neuronal branching
C)facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration
D)preserve neurons; increase neuronal branching
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Chapter 5: Vision
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) V1 neurons would be most strongly activated by viewing ____.
A)the letter T
B)a circle
C)repeating stripes on a flag
D)a single bar of light
Q2) Parvocellular neurons most likely receive input from ____.
A)magnocellular neurons
B)rods
C)bipolar cells that receive input from cones
D)the periphery of the retina
Q3) Shapes are more easily identified with peripheral vision than foveal vision.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Someone with prosopagnosia has difficulty with ____.
A)focusing on colored objects
B)seeing items located in the left visual field
C)recognizing faces
D)processing information from more than one sensory modality at a time
Q5) Describe the trichromatic,opponent-process,and retinex theories of color vision.
Page 7
Q6) Describe the key functions of the major pathways in the visual cortex.
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Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pitch is a perception related to which aspect of sound?
A)amplitude
B)frequency
C)intensity
D)across-fiber pattern coding
Q2) Pacinian corpuscles respond best to ____.
A)rapid mechanical pressure
B)low frequency sounds
C)horizontal head movements
D)slow mechanical movements
Q3) Timing differences can be used most accurately for localizing ____.
A)sudden-onset sounds
B)gradual-onset sounds
C)loud sounds
D)bird alarm calls
Q4) The eardrum is also known as the ____.
A)pinna
B)ossicle
C)tympanic membrane
D)cochlea
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Chapter 7: Movement
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Paths from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord are called the ____.
A)pyramidalspinal tracts
B)horizontalspinal tracts
C)dorsospinal tracts
D)corticospinal tracts
Q2) What is the relationship of genetics to Huntington's disease?
A)It is caused by a dominant gene on the X chromosome.
B)It is caused by a dominant gene on chromosome 4.
C)It is caused by a recessive gene on one of the autosomal chromosomes.
D)There is no evidence linking Huntington's disease to any gene.
Q3) Which muscle is "antagonistic" to a flexor muscle in the right arm?
A)a flexor muscle in the right arm
B)an extensor muscle in the left arm
C)an extensor muscle in the right arm
D)another flexor muscle in the right arm
Q4) During aerobic exercises such as dancing,as glucose is used by the muscles,____.
A)fast-twitch fibers absorb more glucose
B)slow-twitch muscles produce glucose anaerobically
C)glucose use increases
D)glucose use decreases
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Orexin,produced by neurons in the hypothalamus,appears to be necessary for ____.
A)getting to sleep
B)waking up
C)raising body temperature
D)staying awake
Q3) The mean preferred time of going to sleep gets later and later until about age 20 and then starts a gradual reversal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Suppose you fell into a cave and lost your watch.Without any time cues,your circadian rhythm would ____.
A)increase dramatically over time
B)cease to exist
C)decrease over time
D)remain relatively stable
Q5) Briefly describe the role of the locus coeruleus in arousal and attention.
Q6) Discuss the relationship between sleep and memory.
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Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A drug that stimulates melanocortin receptors would most likely ____.
A)increase meal frequency
B)increase leptin production
C)decrease meal size
D)increase meal size
Q2) After damage in and around the ventromedial hypothalamus,animals are more likely to ____.
A)overeat and gain weight
B)refuse food and lose weight
C)produce low levels of the hormone CCK
D)be slow in their digestion
Q3) The ability to digest lactose varies in a patchy way from place to place on which continent?
A)Asia
B)Europe
C)Africa
D)Antarctica
Q4) Describe the brain mechanisms involved in shivering,sweating,and changes in blood flow to the skin.
Q5) Describe the different causes and mechanisms of osmotic thirst.
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Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two major classes of sex hormones are ____.
A)luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
B)dopamine and serotonin
C)steroids and thyroid hormones
D)androgens and estrogens
Q2) Progesterone prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum and promotes the maintenance of pregnancy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Many female mammals become very attentive after delivering their babies largely because of a sudden ____.
A)drop in testosterone levels
B)surge of prolactin and oxytocin
C)decrease of prolactin and increase of oxytocin
D)increase of prolactin and decrease of oxytocin
Q4) What causes the primitive gonads to develop into masculine structures?
A)the X chromosome
B)the sex region Y (SRY) gene
C)the sexually dimorphic nucleus
D)Müllerian inhibiting hormone
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blood and urine levels of which chemicals are related to a history of violent suicide attempts?
A)high amount of serotonin turnover
B)low amount of serotonin turnover
C)high levels of L-dopa
D)low levels of L-dopa
Q2) The parasite Toxoplasma gondii is able to reinfect cats when the cats ____.
A)come into close contact with other infected cats
B)are bitten by scared rats
C)eat fearless infected rats
D)are bitten by mosquitos carrying the parasite
Q3) One could reduce anxiety by ____.
A)decreasing GABA
B)increasing CCK
C)blocking CCK
D)blocking dopamine
Q4) Prolonged high cortisol levels are associated with increased hippocampal damage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly describe how benzodiazepines work in the brain.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lashley found that when he removed parts of the brain ____.
A)only the removal of frontal lobe tissue disrupted performance
B)only the removal of parietal lobe tissue disrupted performance
C)the amount of tissue removed was more important than its location
D)he found no loss of memories at all
Q2) During habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia,the change in the nervous system takes place at the ____.
A)axon hillock of the sensory receptor
B)axon of the motor neuron
C)synapse between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron
D)inhibitory neurons that connect to the motor neuron
Q3) Alzheimer's is associated with brain damage as a result of ____.
A)loss of the fibers connecting the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia
B)loss of cell bodies in the dorsomedial thalamus
C)tangles and plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus
D)an epileptic focus in the temporal lobe of the cortex
Q4) Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect activity of the cortex by enhancing the effects of acetylcholine.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The best description of oxytocin may be that it ____.
A)stimulates the brain's reward centers
B)increases attention to important social cues
C)acts much like endogenous opiates
D)really is the "love hormone"
Q2) Deliberate,top-down direction of attention depends on parts of the prefrontal cortex and the ____.
A)occipital cortex
B)corpus callosum
C)temporal cortex
D)parietal cortex
Q3) Several months after split-brain surgery,the number of incidents of conflicts between the two hemispheres diminishes because ____.
A)portions of the corpus callosum grow back
B)the right hemisphere begins to control all body muscles
C)the hemispheres learn ways of cooperating with each other
D)the cerebellum assumes the former functions of the corpus callosum
Q4) Provide a detailed description of spatial neglect.
Q5) Describe some of the research on in-group bias with respect to empathy and altruism.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs?
A)epinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)serotonin
D)dopamine
Q2) After a long period of abstinence,exposure to cues associated with the substance are very unlikely to trigger a renewed craving.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A delusion is a(n)____.
A)sensory experience that does not correspond to reality
B)inability to understand abstract concepts
C)unfounded belief
D)loss of memory for part of one's past
Q4) Which autism treatment is most widely used?
A)the use of first generation antipsychotics
B)increase action potential velocity
C)dietary modifications such as elimination of sugar or food dyes
D)the use of chelation to remove heavy metals from the blood
Q5) Describe the differences between antagonists and agonists.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which explanation of human behavior focuses most on learning through experience?
A)physiological
B)ontogenetic
C)evolutionary
D)functional
Q2) The dispute between abolitionists and animal researchers is a dispute between two ethical positions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Chalmers explanation of the mind-body problem has largely laid the issue to rest.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Invertebrate nerve action follows the same basic principles as human nerves.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Perception occurs primarily in sense organs.
A)True
B)False
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