Psychopathology and Treatment Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive exploration of psychopathology, focusing on the origins, classification, and manifestation of mental disorders across the lifespan. Students will examine major diagnostic systems, such as the DSM and ICD, and learn to identify the clinical features that distinguish various psychological disorders, including mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders. The course also covers evidence-based treatment approaches, including pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and integrative interventions. Emphasis is placed on the scientific, cultural, and ethical considerations involved in diagnosis and treatment planning, preparing students to critically evaluate and apply contemporary perspectives in mental health care.
Recommended Textbook
Current Psychotherapies 10th Edition by Danny Wedding
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16 Chapters
647 Verified Questions
647 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to 21st Century Psychotherapies
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jungian therapy, based on the work of Moritz Benedikt, underscores the importance of:
A)rewarding positive behavior.
B)unconditional positive regard.
C)purging pathogenic secrets.
D) cognitive distortions.
Answer: C
Q2) The expression of certain genes that result from their activation by specific but common environmental events is referred to as:
A)neuronal decay.
B)somatiker.
C)psychiker.
D)epigenetics.
Answer: D
Q3) The psychotherapeutic term "dynamic" was first used by:
A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
C)Hippocrates.
D)Franz Anton Mesmer.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central task of psychoanalytical therapy is to:
A)resolve intrapsychic conflicts.
B)establish empathy.
C)break down defenses.
D)strengthen the superego.
Answer: B
Q2) In working with patients, therapists must learn to attend to their own emotional reactions and process disturbing emotions in a non-defensive, non-judgmental manner.This is referred to as:
A)rupture.
B)interpretations.
C) enactments.
D)containment.
Answer: D
Q3) Secondary process refers to thinking that is:
A)logical.
B)verbal.
C)primitive.
D)visual. Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Adlerian Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adler believed that humans should be studied and treated _______.
Answer: Holistically
Q2) Both Adler and Freud believed that women often perceive themselves as inferior to men.Adler believed this resulted from _______, while Freud believed it resulted from _______.
Answer: Cultural messages; penis envy
Q3) Adlerian theory and cognitive behavioral approaches both emphasize:
A)inferiority complexes.
B) symbolism.
C)birth order.
D)belief systems.
Answer: D
Q4) Adler is credited with introducing the concept of _______ instincts into psychoanalytic theory.
Answer: Aggressive
Q5) When an Adlerian therapist examines Axis IV stressors (i.e., revealing what situations arose at the time of symptom development), this is referred to as the _______ factor. Answer: Shock (exogenous)
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Chapter 4: Client-Centered Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Understanding another individual by "living" in their internal frame of reference is:
A)knowledge.
B)empathy.
C)congruence.
D)reality.
Q2) In the first interview, a person-centered therapist will:
A)gather historical information.
B)go where the client goes.
C)develop a treatment plan.
D)complete a diagnostic formulation.
Q3) Client-centered therapy was developed by ___________.
Q4) When asked for advice, a person-centered therapist would most likely:
A)facilitate the patient's personal decision-making.
B)provide an opinion based on empathic knowledge.
C)focus on the transferential nature of the interaction.
D)assign homework that would allow self-discovery.
Q5) When a client is able to experience something without barriers, this is termed a __________.
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Chapter 5: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) REBT views the Jungian focus on the collective unconscious as a _______.
Q2) Research supporting REBT hypotheses suggests that _______ are more important than the events themselves
Q3) In challenging individual thought processes, REBT would use _____ and _____.
Q4) Which of the following methods would NOT be used frequently by a REBT therapist?
A)Cognitive restructuring
B)Role-playing
C)Dream analysis
D)Behavior therapy
Q5) When a situation is interpreted in a way that creates emotional distress, this distress can then lead to more emotional distress because it becomes a _______.
Q6) Ellis states that many forms of psychotherapy overly stress:
A)behavior change.
B)irrational beliefs.
C)traumatic events.
D)unconditional positive regard.
Q7) The letters REBT refer to the fact that the therapy approach focuses on _______, _______, and _______.
Page 7
Q8) REBT refers to the ABCD.ABCD stands for, _______, _______, _______, and _______.
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Chapter 6: Behavior Therapy
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Q1) Which of the following techniques would a behavioral therapist be LEAST likely to use?
A)Role-playing
B)Free association
C)Guided imagery
D)Self-monitoring
Q2) Exposure therapy that involves purposely inducing physical sensations in the body is known as:
A)imaginal exposure.
B)interoceptive exposure.
C)reorientation therapy.
D)marginal conditioning.
Q3) Exposure therapy primarily involves:
A)immediately confronting a client with an intense anxiety situation.
B)incrementally exposing a client to anxiety-producing stimuli.
C)modeling for the client how to substitute assertive behavior for anxiety.
D)using an unpleasant consequence such as shock when anxiety is experienced.
Q4) In order to help a patient quit smoking, a therapist asks the patient to record what they were doing before smoking and how they feel afterwards. This is an example of using a _______ technique.
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In contrast to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), cognitive therapists hypothesize that:
A)problems in cognitive processing are philosophical.
B)similar irrational beliefs underlie all psychopathology.
C)beliefs are categorized as rational or irrational .
D)each mental disorder has its specific cognitive content.
Q2) A cognitive therapist will label a non-adaptive thought as:
A)irrational.
B)unconscious.
C)dysfunctional.
D)pathological.
Q3) When an individual is predisposed under stress to misinterpret information in a biased fashion, cognitive theory would state that the individual is exhibiting a:
A)cognitive vulnerability.
B)primal mode.
C)cognitive profile.
D)sociotropic personality.
Q4) Cognitive therapists encourage patients to use _________________ reasoning, whereas REBT therapists rely on __________________ reasoning.
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Chapter 8: Existential Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The existential concept of freedom refers to the fact that we:
A)are born with a sense of purpose.
B)can never truly obtain independence.
C)displace our responsibilities onto others.
D)are the authors of our own world.
Q2) Existential psychotherapy (ET) primarily focuses on:
A)childhood experiences.
B)irrational thoughts.
C)the here-and-now.
D)maladaptive behaviors.
Q3) Existentialists believe that _______ originates out of the awareness that one's being can end.
Q4) _______ refers to a human's belief in a personal omnipotent servant, which will guard and protect them.
Q5) Existentialists consider anxiety that is proportionate to the situation confronted as: A)neurotic anxiety.
B)normal anxiety.
C)repression.
D)libidinal drives.
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Chapter 9: Gestalt Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Gestalt therapy, psychological adjustment requires:
A)unconditional positive regard by others.
B)an awareness of our need states.
C)congruence between objective and subjective reality.
D)equality between actual and ideal self-concepts.
Q2) _______ theory underlies the gestalt immunological perspective.
Q3) The primary goal of gestalt therapy is:
A)elimination of psychopathology.
B)increased awareness.
C)insight regarding conflicts.
D)behavior change.
Q4) Although similar in some ways to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) and cognitive therapy (CT), a gestalt therapist:
A)believes thoughts about the future are not relevant.
B)would not use changes in behavior to change thoughts.
C)disregards the idea of moralistic thoughts in relation to guilt.
D)does not imply that they know the rational way to think.
Q5) Gestalt therapy was developed by _______ and _______.
Q6) The word gestalt comes from a German word meaning _______.
Q7) Gestalt psychotherapy is focused on _______ rather than on _______.
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Chapter 10: Interpersonal Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The World Health Organizations task shifting model refers to:
A)the importance of collaboratively engaging patients into treatment.
B)task sharing among interdisciplinary teams to create better outcomes.
C)delegating tasks to less specialized local health workers.
D)shifting resources from a national to an international level.
Q2) The developers of interpersonal therapy were:
A)Myrna Weissman and Helen Verdeli.
B)John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth.
C)Gerald Klerman and Myrna Weissman.
D)Gerald Klerman and Adolf Meyer.
Q3) In Bartholomew's four-category model, ___________ refers to whether the individual has the inner resources for security and self-soothing vis-à-vis an important relationship.
Q4) Commenting on how _________ is communicated (verbally and non-verbally) is the "bread and butter" of interpersonal therapy.
Q5) According to interpersonal therapy, triggers of depressive episodes involve disruptions of significant attachments and social roles generally related to _______________, __________________, and __________________.
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Chapter 11: Family Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) To deal with their own sense of loneliness in a marriage, a couple becomes overly involved in the problems of their son.This model of interaction is:
A)monadic.
B)dyadic.
C)biadic.
D)triadic.
Q2) Sandy's parents are overly involved in her life and the boundaries within her family are diffuse.This family would be described as:
A)enmeshed.
B)restrictive.
C)disengaged.
D)isolative.
Q3) A parent tells a child "I love spending time with you" while appearing annoyed.This is an example of:
A)redundancy principle.
B)pseudomutuality.
C)pseudohostility.
D)double-bind communication.
Q4) Communication that leads to mixed messages results in a(n) _______ relationship.
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Chapter 12: Contemplative Psychotherapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about motives is true?
A)Motives are organized from survival to self-transcendence.
B)Metamotives are not an inherent part of human nature.
C)Metamotive blindness is rare.
D)Authentic living is characterized by motives such as sex, money, power.
Q2) Therapies aimed at transforming one's state of awareness, facilitating well-being, and developing healthy lifestyles through practices such as meditation and yoga are known as:
A)pathological.
B)contemplative.
C)existential.
D)client-centered.
Q3) Contemplative perspectives agree with psychoanalytic theory that:
A)conflict is a given for normal people and cannot be transcended.
B)human nature and potential are limited because of psychological conflicts.
C)oedipal conflicts are crucial in the course of development.
D)deep introspection is important in understanding the unconscious.
Q4) Buddhism's three poisons are ________, _______, and __________.
Q5) A technique called "exploring the experiences of craving" is a contemplative practice aimed at ______________, one of the seven qualities.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Positive Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Clients with symptoms of ___________ appear to benefit most from PPT exercises.
Q2) Studies evaluating positive psychotherapy have found that the positive psychotherapy exercises:
A)can be altered in sequence as needed.
B)cannot be adopted for other treatment modalities.
C)should be delivered in the sequence recommended.
D)are not able to be adapted effectively to on-line activities.
Q3) To date, positive psychotherapy tends to show the most benefit for clients presenting with:
A)anxiety disorders.
B)psychotic disorders.
C)depressive disorders.
D)personality disorders.
Q4) Fredrickson (2009) found that an individual must experience how many positive emotions for every single negative emotion to reach the threshold for flourishing?
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Chapter 14: Integrative Psychotherapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client is recording the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the therapist is teaching the client relaxation and distraction skills to use in the future instead of smoking.The client is likely in which of the following stages of change?
A)Precontemplation
B)Preparation
C)Action
D)Maintenance
Q2) Through advocacy for integration and his development of multimodal therapy, ________________ is the most prominent and articulate advocate for eclecticism.
Q3) A therapist using an arbitrary blend of methods without a rationale or empirical verification of those methods is engaging in:
A)deception.
B)technical eclecticism.
C)syncretism.
D)assimilative integration.
Q4) ________________ is used by clinicians who have a firm grounding in one system of psychotherapy but a willingness to selectively incorporate practices and views from other systems.
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Chapter 15: Multicultural Theories of Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Paulo Freire identified dominant models of education as instruments of:
A)oppression.
B)cultural awareness.
C)freedom.
D)independence.
Q2) A therapist displaying excessive curiosity about a client's ethnocultural background at the expense of their psychological needs is experiencing ____________________ syndrome.
Q3) According to Janet Helms, the identity development of White American groups follows which of the following patterns:
A)pseudoindependence to disintegration to autonomy.
B)contact to reintegration to autonomy.
C)reintegration to disintegration to pseudoindependence.
D)autonomy to pseudoindependence to reintegration.
Q4) The belief that one's worldview is inherently superior and desirable to others is known as ____________.
Q5) In the final stage of the ethnocultural assessment, the _____________ stage, the therapist explores significant affiliations with the patient, including exploration of the therapist-client relationship.
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Chapter 16: Contemporary Challenges and Controversies
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Q1) When a mental health professional is engaged in multiple types of relationships with the same patient, this is considered an example of a _______ relationship.
Q2) When a therapist rationalizes having had sex with a patient by indicating that they had fallen in love, Pope and Bouhoustsos would label this scenario as:
A)True Love.
B)Hold Me.
C)It Just Got Out of Hand.
D)Role Trading.
Q3) Integrated care refers to a model of care that:
A)co-locates mental and medical health care.
B)is specifically adapted for minority patients.
C)integrates religion into psychotherapy.
D)requires higher financial investments from patients.
Q4) Restriction of the practice of a profession involves:
A)certification.
B)licensure.
C)accreditation.
D)privileges.
Q5) More than 50% of all psychiatrists practice ______ psychiatry.
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