Psychology Statistics
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Psychology Statistics introduces students to the fundamental concepts and methods of statistical analysis as they apply to psychological research. The course covers descriptive statistics, probability theory, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, analysis of variance, and non-parametric methods, with a focus on interpreting and critically evaluating data in the context of psychological studies. Students will learn to use statistical software for data analysis and to communicate statistical findings effectively, preparing them for more advanced coursework and research in psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics 6th Edition by Neil J. Salkind
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
22 Chapters
1368 Verified Questions
1368 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2000 Page 2
Chapter 1: Statistics or Sadistics Its up to You
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39718
Sample Questions
Q1) The type of descriptive statistic that tells you the most popular or most frequent choice from a number of choices is the _______.
A)median
B)mode
C)mean
D)average
Answer: B
Q2) How are inferential statistics most often used?
A)to infer to the quality of data collected
B)to organize and describe data
C)to make inferences from the sample to the population
D)to plot the data
Answer: C
Q3) When are descriptive measures most often used?
A)to describe how often something occurs
B)to determine if a sample is representative of a population
C)to predict an outcome
D)to determine the effect of an intervention
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Means to an End: Computing and Understanding Averages
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39717
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following symbols represents the individual score?
A)X
B)n
C)N
D) Answer: A
Q2) What is the 25th percentile also known as?
A)Q1
B)Q2
C)Q3
D)Q4 Answer: A
Q3) The interval level of measurement is based on some underlying continuum. A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) The more precise scales contain all the qualities of the scales below them. A)True
B)False Answer: True
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Vive La Différence: Understanding Variability
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39720
Sample Questions
Q1) When calculating the standard deviation, what must be done in order to obtain an unbiased estimate?
A)subtract 1 from X
B)add 1 to X
C)subtract 1 from n
D)add 1 to n
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?
A)mean
B)standard deviation
C)variance
D)range
Answer: A
Q3) Unbiased estimates ______.
A)are less conservative estimates of sample statistics
B)are more conservative estimates of sample statistics
C)are less conservative estimates of population parameters
D)are more conservative estimates of population parameters
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: A Picture Really Is Worth a Thousand Words
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39722
Sample Questions
Q1) If you have a distribution of 20 scores, and you want 2 intervals, what should be the size of your class interval?
A)50
B)25
C)10
D)5
Q2) Which of the following is the best range of number of data points for a class interval?
A)40
B)80
C)20
D)8
Q3) Why are measures of central tendency and measures of variability important to a visual representation of the distribution of data?
Q4) A graph should communicate only one idea.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a histogram?
Q6) What is a frequency polygon?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Ice Cream and Crime: Computing Correlation
Coefficients
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39724
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correlations would be interpreted as a weak relationship?
A)-.26
B)-.46
C)-.66
D)-.86
Q2) Which of the following is the weakest correlation?
A)-.24
B)-.22
C).19
D)-.96
Q3) What type of correlation exist if the less time you take to complete a test, the more items you will get wrong?
A)positive correlation
B)negative correlation
C)indirect correlation
D)b & c
Q4) If two variables are correlated, this implies that one variable causes the other.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Just the Truth: An Introduction to Understanding
Reliability and Validity
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39726
Sample Questions
Q1) The more violent television programs an individual watches, the more likely the individual develops aggressive behavior.Watching violent television is ______.
A)a dependent variable
B)an independent variable
C)a mediation variable
D)an intervening variable
Q2) How does error impact reliability? Write the general equation for reliability that demonstrates this concept.
Q3) The outcome variable in an analysis is called the _______.
A)predictor variable
B)treatment variable
C)dependent variable
D)independent variable
Q4) The actual or measured score is called the _______.
A)true score
B)observed score
C)error score
D)real score
Page 8
Q5) Why can we not know the true score for a test?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39728
Sample Questions
Q1) Which is formulated second?
A)the research hypothesis
B)research theories
C)alternative postulates
D)the null hypothesis
Q2) What will you have if there is no difference between sample and population values?
A)a high sampling error
B)a low but positive sampling error
C)no sampling error
D)It cannot be determined.
Q3) A one-tailed test would be used with a directional research hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If you were to hypothesize that there is no relationship between reaction time and problem-solving abilities, you would have a ______.
A)directional research hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)hypothesis type that cannot be determined
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Are Your Curves Normal Probability and Why It
Counts
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39719
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term associated with how flat or peaked a distribution appears?
A)ogive
B)skewness
C)kurtosis
D)variability
Q2) Which of the following is another name for the normal curve?
A)asymptotic
B)symmetry
C)probability
D)bell-shaped curve
Q3) If a distribution has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5, what value would be 1 standard deviation from the mean?
A)45
B)50
C)55
D)60
Q4) The normal curve has no skew.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why are there no pluses and minuses on the z score table?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Significantly Significant: What It Means for You and Me
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39721
Sample Questions
Q1) What happens when a null hypothesis has been accepted and the null hypothesis is really false?
A)a Type II error
B)power
C)a null error
D)a Type I error
Q2) Some statistical tests allow you to make a conclusion that there is a real effect with 100% certainty.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How many general steps are there in applying a statistical test to any null hypothesis.
A)5
B)6
C)7
D)8
Q4) What is the difference between Type I error and Type II error?
Q5) Can something be significant and not meaningful?
Q6) Define significance level.
Q7) Why do we use inferential statistics? Page 11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 10: Only the Lonely: The One Sample Z-Test
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39723
Sample Questions
Q1) If you have a population standard deviation of 10 and a sample size of 4, what is your standard error of the mean?
A) 5
B)14
C)6
D)5
Q2) If your population average is 45, your sample mean is 50, and your standard error of the mean is 5, what is your observed z value?
A)0
B) .1
C)1
D) 1
Q3) Mr.Moo would like to find out if his daisies grow at a faster average rate than the average rate of daisy growth in his neighborhood.State this as a null hypothesis.
Q4) Dr.Meow teaches Engineering Science 101 and is interested in finding out whether her students perform better on math tests compared to all of the engineering students in the university.State this as a research hypothesis.
Q5) What are the guidelines in using effect size?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 11: Tea for Two: Tests Between the Means of Different Groups
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39725
Sample Questions
Q1) Based on the equation: t = 5.15, p < .01, what is right choice in the following?
A)group 1= 21; group 2= 21
B)group 1= 22; group 2= 22
C)group 1= 20; group 2= 20
D)group 1=23; group 2= 23
Q2) Pooled standard deviation is part of the formula for the Cohen's d effect size.Pooled standard deviation is similar to an average of the standard deviations from both groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A larger effect size represents a greater difference between the two groups.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The t-test for independent means is used when each group is tested _______.
A)only once
B)only twice
C)once or twice
D)any number of times
Q5) What are you assuming when you use the simple formula for effect size?
Page 14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Tea for Two Again: Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39727
Sample Questions
Q1) Based on the formula for the t-test for dependent means, what does the n represent?
A)sum of the means
B)number of participants
C)number of pairs of observations
D)sum of all scores
Q2) In order to determine whether or not you will reject the null hypothesis, the test statistic must be compared against the _______.
A)critical value
B)significance level
C)obtained value
D)p value
Q3) The t-test for dependent means is also known as the t-test for correlated samples.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the difference between a t-test for independent samples and a t-test for dependent samples?
Q5) When considering a t-test for dependent samples, what is a D² score?
Page 15
Q6) When considering a t-test for dependent samples, what is a D score?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Two Groups Too Many Try Analysis of Variance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39729
Sample Questions
Q1) A research study is investigating the effects of studying Chinese 1 or 2 hours weekly between eleventh graders and twelfth graders.How would this factorial design be best described?
A)2 × 2
B)3 × 2
C)2 × 3
D)3 × 3
Q2) When interpreting F , = 8.80, p < .05, what is the within-groups df?
A)30
B)27
C)3
D)2
Q3) What is the first step in the computation of the F statistic?
A)setting the level of risk
B)selecting the appropriate test
C)computing the obtained value
D)stating the null and research hypotheses
Q4) If the total sample size was 50, and there were three groups examined, what is the between-groups degrees of freedom?
Q5) How would you interpret the equation: H : µ = µ = µ ?
Page 16
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of
Variancea Brief Introduction
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39730
Sample Questions
Q1) In the main effect F , = 5.25, p < .05, what does the symbol p stand for?
A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the probability level
D)the correlation
Q2) In a factorial ANOVA, one of the research hypotheses for a main effect might look like this:
A) B) C) D)
Q3) In a factorial ANOVA, the research hypothesis for the interaction might look like this:
A)H : µ pp × n w = µ pp × t n ng = µm ddl × n w = µm ddl × t n ng
B)H : µ pp × n w µ pp × t n ng µm ddl × n w µm ddl × t n ng
C)H : pp × n w = pp × t n ng = m ddl × n w = m ddl × t n ng
D)H : pp × n w pp × t n ng m ddl × n w m ddl × t n ng
Q4) Why do we use SPSS to calculate a factorial ANOVA?
Q5) What is a main effect?
Q6) What is a factorial ANOVA?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 15: Cousins or Just Good Friends Testing
Relationships Using Correlation Coefficient
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39731
Sample Questions
Q1) A significant correlation indicates a meaningful relationship.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a simple Pearson correlation value = .362, what percentage of variance is unaccounted for?
A)25%
B)36%
C)56%
D)87%
Q3) You would like to examine the association between temperature and frozen yogurt sales.You hypothesize that higher temperatures will be associated with increased frozen yogurt sales.You have a _______.
A)one-tailed hypothesis
B)two-tailed hypothesis
C)nondirectional hypothesis
D)invalid hypothesis
Q4) Write an example of a research hypothesis for a one-tailed t-test for the correlation coefficient.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Q5) Write an example of a null hypothesis for a t-test for the correlation coefficient.
Chapter 16: Predicting Wholl Win the Super Bowl: Using Linear
Regression
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39732
Sample Questions
Q1) If the absolute value of your correlation is very close to 0, your error in prediction will be _______.
A)high
B)low
C)very low
D)0
Q2) In regression, the criterion variable is also known as the _______.
A)dependent variable
B)independent variable
C)predictor variable
D)correlated variable
Q3) Using the regression formula with a slope = .504 and an intercept = .719, what would the predicted college GPA be for a student whose current high school GPA = 3.2?
A)2.69
B)2.33
C)3.00
D)3.20
Q4) What does the regression line represent?
Q5) What is linear regression?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 17: What to Do When Youre Not Normal:
CHI-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39733
Sample Questions
Q1) In order to meet the sample assumption associated with parametric statistics, how many subjects do you need?
A)20
B)30
C)50
D)100
Q2) What is the difference between a one-sample and a two-sample chi-square test?
Q3) The one-sample chi-square test is also called goodness of fit.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Nonparametric statistics are known as _______.
A)non-normal statistics
B)distribution-free statistics
C)skewed-distribution statistics
D)parametric statistics
Q5) In the result , what is ?
A)the chi-square statistic
B)the critical value
C)the significance level
D)the observed value
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Chapter 18: Some Other Important Statistical Procedures
You Should Know About
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39734
Sample Questions
Q1) Structural equation modeling is a relatively new technique that has become increasingly popular since it was introduced in the early ______.
A)1960s
B)1970s
C)1980s
D)1990s
Q2) Of the following, which procedure is sometimes referred to as the method which simplifies or reduces data?
A)correlation
B)factor analysis
C)path analysis
D)MANOVA
Q3) Repeated-measures analysis of variance is used when there is one factor on which participants are tested more than once.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Give an example of a research situation where ANCOVA would be the most appropriate statistical technique.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21
Chapter 19: Data Mining: An Introduction to Getting the
Most Out of Your Big Data
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39735
Sample Questions
Q1) In order to create something on pivot tables, we need some type of input on which to operate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____________ can help look for patterns among data.
A)Surveying
B)Data mining
C)Investigation
D)Information
Q3) Analytics is another term for ____________.
A)data mining
B)surveying
C)investigation
D)information
Q4) As a general rule, we need be as granular as possible in generating pivot tables.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is pivot table, and how it is it used?
Q6) What is data mining?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22
Chapter 20: A Statistical Software Sampler
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39736
Sample Questions
Q1) Minitab contains utilities that include ReportPad, which is a report generator.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the text, what is one of the most important things to remember when buying a statistics software package?
A)buy direct from the manufacturer
B)try before you buy
C)always buy shareware
D)share software packages with friends
Q3) Which of the following statistical software packages is free?
A)PSPP
B)Minitab
C)SPSS
D)JMP
Q4) PSPP is an open-source variant of SPSS.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 23
Chapter
Sites for Statistics Stuff
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39737
Sample Questions
Q1) You can find data sets through any of the following EXCEPT ______.
A)Statistical Reference Datasets
B)Numbers and More
C)U.S.Census Bureau
D)The Data and Story Library
Q2) Which online source offers lots of stats stuff?
A)Google
B)Yahoo
C)YouTube
D)Facebook
Q3) What is the resource locator that we often call the "web address?"
A)WA
B)URL
C)Locator
D)Address
Q4) The URL of a website will work consistently from day to day.
A)True
B)False
Page 24
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 22: The Ten Commandments of Data Collection
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39738
Sample Questions
Q1) You should always make a _______ of your data file and keep it in a separate location.
A)cleaner version
B)simpler version
C)duplicate version
D)more complex version
Q2) Practicing with _______ data can help you make sure that it is easy to go from your original scoring sheets to the data collection form.
A)high-scoring
B)any
C)pilot
D)lost
Q3) ______ when and where you will be collecting your data.
A)Develop a plan of
B)Do not depend on any individuals of
C)Plan a detailed schedule of
D)Plan a complex version of
Q4) Always make a duplicate copy of the data file.
A)True
B)False
25
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.