Psychology Seminar: Origins and Development Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental origins and development of psychological thought and practice. Students will examine the historical foundations of psychology, tracing its evolution from early philosophical roots to its establishment as a scientific discipline. Key theories, influential figures, and landmark studies will be analyzed to illustrate how psychological concepts and methodologies have changed over time. Through seminar discussions, critical readings, and research-based assignments, participants will develop a deeper understanding of the factors shaping the growth of psychology and its contemporary implications.
Recommended Textbook Pioneers of Psychology A History 4th Edition by Raymond E. Fancher
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15 Chapters
450 Verified Questions
450 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Foundational Ideas from Antiquity
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Descartes's theory of light,the speed of light was:
A) infinite.
B) equal to the speed of sound.
C) finite but immeasurable.
D) equal to the speed of the earth's rotation about the sun.
Answer: A
Q2) Since Descartes' time,research has shown that:
A) his theory of the body's mechanism was prophetically right in most respects.
B) his mechanistic theories were almost completely nonsense.
C) his theory of bodily mechanism was wrong in details, but highly productive in its general implications.
D) the body and mind do interact in the middle of the brain.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following labels are appropriate for Descartes?
A) Dualist
B) Nativist
C) Rationalist
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Pioneering Philosophers of Mind:
Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we recognize the difference (disagreement)between things,for example differentiating something black from something white,Locke would say we are using what type of knowledge?
A) intuitive knowledge
B) simple knowledge
C) complex knowledge
D) demonstrative knowledge
Answer: A
Q2) Which two important mathematical discoveries were made by Leibniz as a young man in Paris?
A) binary arithmetic and the infinitesimal calculus
B) analytic geometry and the infinitesimal calculus
C) symbolic logic and functional trigonometry
D) binary arithmetic and analytic geometry
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield
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Sample Questions
Q1) In his later life Wilder Penfield came to believe that:
A) mental functions would soon be completely explained in terms of brain mechanisms.
B) the most important mental functions were largely confined to the temporal lobe of the brain.
C) mental functions were localized evenly and randomly throughout the brain's cortex.
D) "mind" and "brain" were two independent though interacting entities.
Answer: D
Q2) If the brain's language areas are damaged in infancy:
A) language functions may develop normally, nonetheless. B) language functions are unlikely to ever develop.
C) there may be partial recovery, but less than for similar injuries in adults.
D) specialized deficits such as stuttering may result.
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant
through the Gestalt Psychologists
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Sample Questions
Q1) The orange light of the spectrum,and the orange produced by mixing red and yellow spectral light:
A) can be distinguished from one another by brightness cues.
B) are made up of identical kinds of light waves.
C) can be distinguished because spectral orange is less muddy looking.
D) are indistinguishable from each other to the human color senses.
Q2) As you read this page,the words you are aware of constitute the ___________________,and the page on which they are printed is the ______________________.
A) figure; ground
B) ground; figure
C) concept; percept
D) percept; concept
Q3) When you press gently on the side of your eyeball and experience the visual sensation of light,you illustrate:
A) the law of specific nerve energies.
B) Weber's Law.
C) the Young-Helmholtz Law.
D) the law of sensory pressure.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ebbinghaus' innovative method for studying memory experimentally made use of:
A) directed association.
B) mental chronometry.
C) nonsense syllables.
D) structural introspection.
Q2) For Wundt,the most basic unit of thought is:
A) any word which expresses a distinct concept.
B) a "general impression" capable of being expressed by many different combinations of words.
C) a "train" of associated ideas.
D) an unconscious sensation.
Q3) One of the major topics covered in Wundt's Völkerpsychologie was:
A) language.
B) mental chronometry.
C) the tri-dimensional theory of feeling.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 6: The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was a factor that helped convert Darwin to the uniformitarian viewpoint during his Beagle voyage?
A) Captain FitzRoy's endorsement of the idea
B) the presence of fossilized seashells high in the mountains
C) his observations of exotic wildlife
D) all of the above
Q2) Although Darwin is best known for his theory of evolution by natural selection and his biological expertise,he also made important contributions to which field?
A) Mathematics
B) Anthropology
C) Geology
D) Anatomy
Q3) Robert FitzRoy became an important figure in Darwin's life because:
A) he was Darwin's beetle-collecting mentor at Cambridge.
B) he convinced Darwin to leave medical school.
C) he took Darwin on as his Beagle dining companion and ship naturalist.
D) he taught Darwin the elements of geology.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences
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30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If we randomly select 100 people and arrange them in order of height,which of the following pairs will probably show the greatest differences between their two heights?
A) 10th tallest and 11th tallest
B) 49th tallest and 50th tallest
C) shortest to second shortest
D) The differences between all adjacent pairs will be about the same
Q2) Galton's word association experiments may well have had an influence on:
A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Wilhelm Wundt.
C) Charles Darwin.
D) Gustav Fechner.
Q3) Which of the following books first made a strong case for the inheritance of human psychological characteristics?
A) Darwin's Origin of Species
B) De Candolle's History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries
C) Galton's Natural Inheritance
D) Galton's Hereditary Genius
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Page 9
Chapter 8: American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike
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Sample Questions
Q1) James's The Principles of Psychology had chapters on all of the following except: A) emotion
B) will
C) habit
D) the Unconscious
Q2) What was James's stand on the free-will determinism issue?
A) He believed all things to be completely determined.
B) As a psychologist he accepted determinism, but in his other roles he accepted free will.
C) He believed in free will, and argued that psychologists had a major obligation to account for it in their theories.
D) He felt it was a foolish issue that ought not to be considered at all.
Q3) Which the following was not one of James's eminent students?
A) G. S. Hall
B) Mary Whiton Calkins
C) Edward Thorndike
D) James Roland Angell
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Psychology as the Science of Behavior:
Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner
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Sample Questions
Q1) The record of responses made by an animal in a Skinner box is referred to as its:
A) behavioral inventory.
B) response tracing.
C) psychogram.
D) cumulative record.
Q2) Skinner's utopian novel Walden Two describes a society:
A) governed by the principles of classical liberal political theory.
B) whose members' behavior is partly controlled by chemicals.
C) whose members' behavior is completely determined by positive reinforcement.
D) whose members' behavior is completely controlled by judicious use of positive and negative reinforcement.
Q3) In Pavlov's theory,"irradiation" refers to:
A) an ultraviolet light sometimes used as a conditioned stimulus.
B) a technique to ensure his surgical operations were performed antiseptically.
C) the neural mechanism causing muscular tremors in some experimental neuroses.
D) a wave spreading excitation or inhibition over the surface of the brain.
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11
Chapter 10: Social Influence and Social Psychology: From
Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond
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Sample Questions
Q1) When "Good Father Liébeault" used hypnosis on his patients,he:
A) had an elaborate setting, with background music and flamboyantly dressed assistants, to enhance the effect of suggestibility.
B) did so only for demonstration purposes, because he believed no permanent cures could be effected by hypnosis.
C) proceeded very simply, first suggesting they would go to sleep, and then that their symptoms would disappear.
D) took advantage of the opportunity to explore their suppressed emotional life.
Q2) Those patients who responded most strongly to Mesmer's magnetic inductions:
A) passed quietly into a sleeplike trance.
B) demonstrated heightened physical powers and clairvoyance.
C) continued to behave in apparently normal ways.
D) often experienced violent and painful "crisis states."
Q3) In his landmark obedience research,Stanley Milgram found:
A) that certain personality types were more obedient than others.
B) that in his laboratory situation subjects were far more obedient than anyone had predicted.
C) that men were more obedient than women in administering shocks.
D) both b and c
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors
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Sample Questions
Q1) In their early work on the nature of hysteria,Freud and Breuer concluded that hysterics suffer mainly from:
A) reminiscences.
B) anxiety.
C) the Oedipus complex.
D) sexuality.
Q2) When a man suffers insults from his boss in silence,then comes home and yells at his wife and kicks his dog,he illustrates the defense mechanism of:
A) denial.
B) projection.
C) displacement.
D) acting out.
Q3) At the beginning of his medical career,Freud specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of:
A) schizophrenia.
B) neurotic conditions.
C) poliomyelitis.
D) organic brain conditions.
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Chapter 12: Psychology Gets "Personality":
Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field
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Q1) Carl Rogers effectively promoted:
A) a client-centered therapy stressing unconditional positive regard.
B) an individual psychotherapy stressing the overcoming of inferiority
C) an existential therapy stressing the search for meaning.
D) a Gestalt therapy stressing the search for insight.
Q2) Maslow's mentors during his postgraduate experience in the "New Athens" of New York City included all of the following except:
A) Ruth Benedict.
B) Erich Fromm.
C) Karen Horney.
D) Clark Hull.
Q3) What type of research methodology did Cattell use in order to create the 16PF questionnaire?
A) controlled experiment
B) survey research
C) naturalistic observation
D) factor analysis
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence
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Q1) The first test of intelligence with substantial validity was developed in 1905 by:
A) Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.
B) Alfred Binet and Victor Henri.
C) Frances Galton and J. M. Cattell.
D) William Stern and Lewis Terman.
Q2) After observing and comparing the behavior and test responses of his two daughters he characterized them as:
A) the "observer" and the "imaginer."
B) the "scientist" and the "artist."
C) the "introvert" and the "extrovert."
D) the "thinker" and the "feeler."
Q3) As he was beginning his self-instruction in psychology,Binet became particularly enthusiastic about which approach?
A) associationism
B) behaviorism
C) structuralism
D) functionalism
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neisser's approach to memory research adopted which of the following characteristics in response to James and Eleanor Gibson's "ecological" psychology?
A) a nativist approach
B) an empiricist approach
C) a concern for the environment
D) a focus on real events and natural settings
Q2) "Pandemonium" was:
A) an early example of a computer program that could perform parallel processing and "learn."
B) the annoying computer "noise" that occurred when too much information was being processed at one time.
C) a computer program that analyzed information about pandemics.
D) a computer program that worked similarly to a Turing machine.
Q3) Alan Turing did all of the following except:
A) propose a test for determining if a calculating machine was "intelligent."
B) conceive of an architecture for a universal calculating machine.
C) help break German codes during World War II.
D) receive high honors from the British government for his wartime contributions.
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Chapter 15: Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the
Workplace
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gilbreth Inc.consulted in all of the following areas except
A) sanitary napkin packaging.
B) kitchen engineering.
C) military consulting.
D) toothbrush engineering.
Q2) Who is often referred to as the mother of industrial psychology?
A) Leta Stetter Hollingworth
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Augusta Fox Brunner
D) Mary Whiton Calkins
Q3) The birth of the "scientist-practitioner model" of training in clinical psychology emerged from:
A) Witmer's work on the clinical method.
B) the Boulder conference.
C) the Vail conference.
D) Gilbreth, Incorporated.
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