Psychology of Thinking and Problem Solving Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course delves into the cognitive processes underlying human thought, reasoning, and problem solving. Students will explore classic and contemporary theories pertaining to how individuals perceive, analyze, and generate solutions to various problems. Topics include mental representation, heuristics and biases, decision making, creativity, analogical and logical reasoning, and metacognition. Emphasis is placed on experimental findings, methods of studying thought processes, and practical applications in educational, occupational, and everyday settings.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind Research and Everyday Experience 4th Edition by E. Bruce
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
13 Chapters
746 Verified Questions
746 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/872 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17301
Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding children's language development,Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before.From this,he concluded that language development is driven largely by A)an inborn biological program.
B)cultural influences.
C)classical conditioning.
D)operant conditioning.
Answer: A
Q2) The field that studies how to make machines behave in ways that are intelligent if a human were so behaving is known as A)cognitive psychology.
B)behaviorism.
C)artificial intelligence.
D)flow diagramming.
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17302
Sample Questions
Q1) Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for A)distributed processing.
B)localization of function.
C)prosopagnosia.
D)neural net theory.
Answer: B
Q2) Neurons that respond to specific qualities (e.g. ,such as orientation,movement,and length)that make up objects are called A)retinal cells.
B)feature detectors.
C)dendrites.
D)receptors.
Answer: B
Q3) A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of
A)a feature detector that fires specifically to that face.
B)a group of neurons that all respond only to that face.
C)a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces.
D)a receptor in the retina that responds when the face is present.
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17303
Sample Questions
Q1) The perception pathway corresponds to thepathway,while the action pathway corresponds to the pathway.
A)where;what
B)what;where
C)size;distance
D)distance;size
Answer: B
Q2) In the "finding faces in a landscape" demonstration in your text,once you perceive a particular grouping of rocks as a face,it is often difficult not to perceive them this way.This is due to
A)the inverse projection problem.
B)a shift in your attentional focus.
C)a recency effect.
D)your prior knowledge.
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
5
Chapter 4: Attention
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17304
Sample Questions
Q1) Eye tracking studies investigating attention as we carry out actions such as making a peanut butter sandwich shows that a person's eye movements
A)usually followed a motor action by a fraction of a second.
B)were influenced by unusual objects placed in the scene.
C)were determined primarily by the task.
D)continually scanned all objects and areas of the scene.
Q2) Difficulty in recognizing an alteration - even a very obvious one - in a scene is calledblindness.
A)covert
B)exogenous
C)endogenous
D)change
Q3) The Stroop effect demonstrates people's inability to ignore theof words.
A)meaning
B)color
C)size
D)font
Q4) Discuss how the process of binding is essential in your ability to watch a movie or television program.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Short term and Working Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17305
Sample Questions
Q1) Conduct an experiment where participants see a number of target letters flashed briefly on a screen and are told to immediately write down the letters in the order they were presented.It is most likely that the target letter "P" will be misidentified as A)L.
B)I.
C)R.
D)C.
Q2) Given the different theoretical components of working memory,the code for these memories is most likely based on theof the stimulus.
A)sound
B)appearance
C)meaning
D)modality
Q3) A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem withmemory.
A)short-term
B)long-term
C)sensory
D)autobiographical
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Long term Memory: Structure
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17306
Sample Questions
Q1) People who suffer from alcohol abuse may suffer frombrought on by Korsakoff's syndrome,and be unable to form new long-term memories.
A)agnosia
B)amnesia
C)the primacy effect
D)the serial effect
Q2) The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true
A)only when we are aware we've seen them before.
B)simply because we have been exposed to them before.
C)only when we agree with them.
D)unless we are told explicitly that the statements are false.
Q3) Your text describes an "Italian woman" who,after an attack of encephalitis,had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before.She could,however,remember her life events and daily tasks.Her memory behavior reflects
A)intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.
B)intact procedural memory but defective episodic memory.
C)intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.
D)intact episodic memory but defective procedural memory.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 8
Chapter 7: Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17307
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe and compare maintenance and elaborative rehearsal,including a discussion of the "procedures" associated with each type.Indicate separate examples for which each type of rehearsal is best suited.Also,describe experimental results that illustrate how effective each type of rehearsal is at establishing durable long-term memories.
Q2) Jeannie loves to dance,having taken ballet for many years.She is now learning salsa dancing.Although the movements are very different from the dances she is familiar with,she has found a successful memory strategy of linking the new dance information to her previous experiences as a dancer and to her own affection for dance.This strategy suggests reliance on
A)the self-reference effect.
B)a mass practice effect.
C)the integrative experience effect.
D)semantic memory.
Q3) Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by
A)repeating it over and over.
B)linking the new word to a previously learned concept.
C)using it in a sentence.
D)thinking of its synonyms and antonyms.
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17308
Sample Questions
Q1) In the "word list" false memory experiment where several students incorrectly remembered hearing the word sleep,false memory occurs because of
A)constructive memory processes.
B)verbatim recall.
C)the effect of scripts.
D)cryptomnesia
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive interview technique?
A)Police ask witnesses questions and have them rate their confidence level in their recollections.
B)Police offer positive reinforcement to witnesses (e.g. ,"Good,that makes sense.")when the witnesses give information consistent with what is in the police file.
C)Police allow witnesses to talk with a minimum of interruption from the officer.
D)Police start their interview with simple filler questions to make the witnesses feel comfortable.
Q3) An important application of memory research has been in understanding the nature of eyewitness testimony.Citing the research in your text,explain why people make errors in eyewitness testimony.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Conceptual Knowledge
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17309
Sample Questions
Q1) An advantage of the exemplar approach over the prototype approach is that the exemplar approach provides a better explanation of theeffect.
A)resemblance
B)typicality
C)priming
D)reaction-time
Q2) People playing the parlor game "20 Questions" often use hierarchical organization strategies.One player asks up to 20 yes/no questions to determine the identity of an object another player has selected.The player's questions usually start as general and get more specific as the player approaches a likely guess.Initial questions asked by a player are often one of three questions: "Is it an animal?" "Is it a vegetable?" and "Is it a mineral?" Each of these three questions describes which level of categorization?
A)Typical
B)Basic
C)Subordinate
D)Superordinate
Q3) Describe the evidence from both physiological research and patient data to explain how categories are represented in the brain.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Visual Imagery
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17310
Sample Questions
Q1) Kosslyn interpreted the results of his research on imagery (such as the island experiment)as supporting the idea that the mechanism responsible for imagery involvesrepresentations.
A)epiphenomenal
B)propositional
C)spatial
D)unilateral
Q2) To explain the fact that some neuropsychological studies show close parallels between perceptual deficits and deficits in imagery,while other studies do not find this parallel,it has been proposed that the mechanism for imagery is located atvisual centers and the mechanism for perception is located atvisual centers.
A)lower;higher
B)higher;lower
C)both lower and higher;higher
D)higher;both lower and higher
Q3) Describe the spatial and propositional explanations of the mechanisms responsible for imagery.Also,explain how the propositional explanation would account for the results of Kosslyn's island mental-scanning experiment.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
12
Chapter 11: Language
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17311
Sample Questions
Q1) Define inference as it applies to text processing.Write a sample narrative paragraph that includes examples of anaphoric inference,instrument inference,and causal inference.Identify and describe each occurrence.
Q2) Language consists of smaller components,like words,that can be combined to form larger ones,like phrases,to create sentences,which themselves can be components of a larger story.This demonstrates theproperty of language.
A)hierarchical
B)relational
C)parallel
D)propositional
Q3) Syntax is
A)the rules for combining words into sentences.
B)the meanings of words.
C)the way people pronounce words in conversational speech.
D)the mental grouping of words in a sentence into phrases.
Q4) Discuss how people perceive separate words in spoken sentences.Describe speech segmentation and discuss the role of context in this process.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
13
Chapter 12: Problem Solving
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17312
Sample Questions
Q1) Expertsthan novices.
A)spend less time analyzing problems
B)are better at reasoning in general
C)are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems
D)take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem
Q2) The information processing approach describes problem solving as a process involving
A)design fixation.
B)creative cognition.
C)insight.
D)search.
Q3) Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem.They found theversion to be more effective,because it hadfeatures in common with the radiation problem.
A)insufficient-intensity;surface
B)insufficient-intensity;structural
C)fragile-glass;surface
D)fragile-glass;structural
Q4) Describe the Gestalt approach to problem solving and provide an example.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17313
Sample Questions
Q1) Define both deductive and inductive reasoning and explain how they are different.What does it mean to say that the conclusion to a syllogism is "valid"?
Q2) Of the following real-world phenomena,the confirmation bias best explains the observation that people
A)do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome.
B)are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80% fat free than 20% fat.
C)misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S.than suicide.
D)can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side.
Q3) Define the utility approach to decisions.Explain how emotions affect decisions from this perspective.
Q4) Kirk is a generally anxious person.His anxiety sometimes gets in the way when he tries to make decisions.The anxiety Kirk feels is an example of anemotion.
A)expected
B)immediate
C)integral
D)incidental
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15