Psychology of the Lifespan Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology of the Lifespan explores human psychological development from conception through old age, examining the complex interplay of biological, cognitive, emotional, and social changes across different life stages. The course covers major developmental theories, research methods, and critical milestones in infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and late adulthood. Students will analyze how factors such as culture, family, environment, and individual differences influence growth and adaptation throughout the human lifespan, and apply this understanding to real-world situations in various personal and professional contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering the Life Span 2nd Edition by Feldman
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17 Chapters
2556 Verified Questions
2556 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Management and Organizations
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many of Mintzberg's roles align with the basic functions of management.For example,the role of ________ is part of the planning function.
A)figurehead
B)monitor
C)liaison
D)resource allocator
Answer: D
Q2) Disturbance handler is one of Mintzberg's interpersonal roles.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) In order to be considered a manager,an individual must coordinate the work of others.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Conceptual skills are less important to top managers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Organizational Culture and the Organizational Environment
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The view of managers as omnipotent is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the take-charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out the organization's objectives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Organizations help employees adapt to the culture through socialization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) An organization's founder has little influence on its culture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Managers need to establish explicit stakeholder partnerships ________.
A)when the environment is highly uncertain
B)if the internal culture is undergoing a major change
C)in case competition in the industry becomes stagnant
D)to ensure organizational structure remains stable
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Managing Diversity
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diversity must be integrated into every aspect of the business including ________.
A)environmental policies
B)annual reports
C)communities served
D)monitoring inefficiencies
Answer: C
Q2) Mary belongs to a community group that requires women to wear long sleeves,long skirts or dresses,hair covered with a hat or a scarf.Her coworkers often make negative comments about her appearance.In this situation May is subjected to ________.
A)mockery and insults
B)discriminatory policies
C)exclusion
D)intimidation
Answer: A
Q3) Bias is a preconceived belief or opinion about a person or a group of people.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Managing in a Global Environment
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154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An organization decides to go international.Which of the following steps should it take to do so with a minimal investment?
A)exporting
B)global sourcing
C)franchising
D)licensing
Q2) By establishing their company's operations in Canada,Jennifer and James hoped that an existing regional trade agreement would help them to avoid tariffs in
A)Japan and Germany
B)South America
C)Mexico and the U.S.
D)the European Union and the U.S.
Q3) EFTA is a trading block that forms a combined free-trade zone with the EU.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A command economy is one in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Managing Entrepreneurially
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Entrepreneurship is ________.
A)the process of starting a brand-new enterprise with four employees or less
B)the process of starting a new organization,generally in response to an opportunity
C)the process of taking an organization or venture private and away from the public domain
D)the development of an idea into a feasibility and subsequent business plan up to but not surpassing the actual start of the venture's operations
Q2) The first step in the entrepreneurial process is to explore economic,legal,political and social environments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Before Deborah is able to complete a feasibility study for the venture,she needs to be sure she clearly defines and clarifies the opportunity as well as ________.
A)spells out her competitive advantage
B)states her financial needs
C)considers her return on investment
D)plans her advertising strategy
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Chapter 6: Managing Responsibly and Ethically
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ethical behaviour is personality based and is not influenced by organization's structural design.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jerri learns that at the highest stage of moral development,individuals ________.
A)uphold absolute values and rights regardless of the majority's opinion
B)follow rules only when it is in their immediate interest
C)maintain conventional order by fulfilling obligations to which they have agreed
D)follow self-chosen ethical principles even if they violate the law
Q3) An organization's shared values can help shape employee behaviour and build team spirit.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is a basic definition of ethics?
A)Guidelines for moral behaviour.
B)Rules or principles that define right and wrong behaviour.
C)Principles for legal and moral development.
D)Personal convictions about good and bad.
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8
Chapter 7: Innovation and Adaptability
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Techniques to change people and the quality of interpersonal work relationships are called ________.
A)organizational development
B)communications training
C)human resources management
D)strategy innovation
Q2) Adaptability requires forward-thinking leadership within organizations whereby they proactively ________.
A)create new strategies
B)identify disruptive innovations
C)hire creative employees
D)apply design thinking techniques to problems
Q3) Successful organizations are not only efficient and effective,they also must be
A)global
B)adaptable
C)logical
D)visible
Q4) In a short essay,explain the conditions that facilitate cultural change.
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Chapter 8: Decision Making
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151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a short essay,discuss the assumptions of rationality,the validity of those assumptions and the influence of bounded rationality in decision-making.
Q2) A ________ decision is repetitive and can be handled by a routine approach.
A)nonprogrammed
B)linear
C)satisficing
D)programmed
Q3) Which of the following steps in the decision-making process occurs before developing alternatives?
A)allocate weights to criteria
B)select an alternative
C)implement the alternative
D)evaluate decision effectiveness
Q4) In intuitive decision making,managers ________.
A)often tend to ignore their feelings or emotions
B)use data from their subconscious mind to help make their decisions
C)use available evidence to improve their decision-making skills
D)ask for opinions and values of other stakeholders
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Chapter 9: Foundations of Planning
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150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stretch goals are strategic goals that are "stretched" over organizational levels to share responsibility.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following goals is most appropriate for an MBO program?
A)increase sales this quarter
B)improve training programs
C)decrease waste by 6 percent over the next six months
D)reduce costs by 4 percent
Q3) Bill has been working on his assigned plan for about three months.He is now discussing his progress with Jim,his supervisor.If Bill and Jim are using the MBO planning process,this discussion is called ________.
A)performance feedback
B)redirection of goals
C)advise and adjust
D)a milestone checkpoint
Q4) Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In a short essay,explain and discuss in detail the four reasons for planning.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Managing Strategically
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Sample
Questions
Q1) The Jim Pattison Group has grown by acquiring firms in diverse industries.Today,Jim Pattison owns food retail chains,car dealerships,radio stations,a fishing company,a sign company,a packaging company,and several museum-themed tourist attractions.Jim Pattison has pursued a strategy of ________.
A)horizontal integration
B)related differentiation
C)unrelated differentiation
D)unrelated diversification
Q2) When conducting a SWOT analysis,threats are activities the organization doesn't do well or resources it needs but doesn't possess.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Kerry learns that the first step in the strategic management process is to ________.
A)formulate strategies
B)conduct internal analysis
C)conduct external analysis
D)identify the organization's current mission,objectives,and strategies
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Chapter 11: Designing Organizational Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Work specialization is ________.
A)the degree to which tasks are divided into separate jobs
B)the basis on which jobs are grouped together
C)the basis on which jobs are ranked relative to their value to the businesses
D)the degree to which activities require highly specialized skills
Q2) Which type of environment is best for mechanistic organizations?
A)dynamic
B)uncertain
C)evolving
D)stable
Q3) In a short essay,list the three common traditional organizational designs.Describe the characteristics that are commonly associated with each.
Q4) Today,Digital Arts has a ________ structure.
A)simple
B)functional
C)divisional
D)network
Q5) In a short essay,describe the four contingency variables that should be considered in determining an appropriate structure in organizational design.
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Chapter 12: Managers and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Sam went and talked to Florence,he was involved in which type of organizational communication?
A)diagonal
B)horizontal
C)lateral
D)downward
Q2) In a short essay,discuss the current,most used personal technology platforms that make it possible for people in organizations to communicate more effectively.
Q3) Listening for full meaning without making premature judgments or interpretations is called ________ listening.
A)defensive
B)positive
C)active
D)selective
Q4) Communication is the transfer and understanding of ________.
A)ideas
B)words
C)meaning
D)messages
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Chapter 13: Managing Human Resources
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158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to our textbook,there are three types of orientation: work unit orientation,organization orientation,and procedural orientation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Since ________ are essentially worthless as a selection tool,Denise will recommend that they stop using them.
A)work samples
B)written tests
C)application forms
D)reference checks
Q3) Top management decides that the performance appraisal process is ineffective.They ask Steven to investigate of a new appraisal technique called ________,which rates employees according to items along a numerical scale with examples of actual behaviours on the job.
A)360-degree feedback
B)assessment centres
C)behaviourally anchored rating scales
D)management by objectives
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Chapter 14: Leadership
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increasingly complex and dynamic global business environments require leaders who ________.
A)act paternalistic toward employees to inspire goal orientation
B)are directive,goal oriented,and task focused to get the job done
C)step out of the way when the best leadership comes from someone else
D)depend fully on the role of a leader to inspire employee support
Q2) According to Fiedler,the best leadership style is a function of ________.
A)leader-member relations,task structure,and position power
B)formal authority,production process,and personality of employees
C)chain of command,leader-member relations,and power distance
D)type of organization,leader personality,and education of employees
Q3) Which type of power is based on a person's position in the formal organizational hierarchy?
A)legitimate power
B)coercive power
C)reward power
D)expert power
Q4) In a short essay,describe the five sources of leader power.Include specific examples of each source of power to support your answer.
Q5) In a short essay,describe the eight traits associated with leadership.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Motivating Employees
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Sample
Questions
Q1) In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,when a company has a space where employees can meet during breaks and catch up with each other,the company is taking care of the employees' ________ needs.
A)safety
B)self-actualization
C)social
D)group
Q2) ________ is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.
A)Task significance
B)Task identity
C)Job scope
D)Job enlargement
Q3) Motivation is a process where person's efforts are energized,directed,and sustained toward a goal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In a short essay,describe in detail the implications of using the goal-setting theory for organizations.
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Chapter 16: Managing Groups and Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since Maria is now a manager,she is expected to wear professional attire,take her breaks in the managers' lounge,and eat lunch at the restaurants where the other managers eat.This expected behaviour pattern is an example of ________.
A)synergy
B)a role
C)groupthink
D)conformity
Q2) ________ conflict refers to how the work gets done.
A)Formal
B)Informal
C)Process
D)Task
Q3) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of group decision making.
Q4) Which of the following is TRUE about group decision making?
A)Groups tend to foster equal participation in decision making.
B)Groups take more time to arrive at a decision.
C)Groups usually make decisions based on incomplete information.
D)Group norms influence the decision outcomes.
Q5) In a short essay,describe in detail the five stages of team development.
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Chapter 17: Evidence-Based Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Direct supervision is the best-known form of ________ control.
A)applied
B)feedforward
C)concurrent
D)feedback
Q2) One advantage of using oral reports to measure performance is that the information will be filtered.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An effective control system ensures that activities are completed in ways that ________.
A)motivate employees
B)maximize profits
C)lead to the attainment of organizational goals
D)maximize production output
Q4) How we measure is probably more important to the control process than what we measure.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In a short essay,explain the reasons why control is important for managers.
Page 19
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