Course Introduction
Psychology of the Child Exam Materials
Psychology of the Child explores the developmental processes that shape children's cognitive, emotional, and social growth from infancy through adolescence. The course examines major theories of development, such as those proposed by Piaget, Vygotsky, and Erikson, and considers the impact of family, peers, culture, and biology on behavior and learning. Students will analyze research methodologies in child psychology and review case studies to understand individual differences, attachment, language acquisition, moral development, and the influence of contemporary issues like technology and media on childhood development.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development An Active Learning Approach 3rd Edition by Laura E. Levine
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15 Chapters
1303 Verified Questions
1303 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction: Issues and Themes in Child Development
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30514
Sample Questions
Q1) We tend to notice things that we expect to see and to disregard things that we aren't expecting. This tendency is called
A) a generalization fallacy.
B) a perceptual bias.
C) niche picking.
D) sample bias.
Answer: B
Q2) The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program is an example of:
A) Development in context
B) Social policy in action
C) Development intervention
D) Anti-bias programming
Answer: B
Q3) Although there is both stability and change in development, stability is the most prominent characteristic in development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If new information cannot fit into an existing scheme, it throws us into a state of cognitive disequilibrium and we will
A) transform the new information into a form we can understand.
B) encode the information in a new way that will allow it to be assimilated.
C) need to create a new scheme to accommodate the information.
D) level the information so that it can make sense to us.
Answer: C
Q2) The idea that biological maturation operates in interaction with the environment and the experiences it provides to children comes from A) ethology.
B) sociobiology.
C) dynamic systems theory.
D) behavioral genomics.
Answer: C
Q3) The process of classical conditioning works on animals, but humans cannot be classically conditioned.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: How We Study Development
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77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a negative correlation, as the value of one variable goes down, so does the value of the second variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Well-constructed, reliable, well-standardized psychological tests are not bias against native-born American racial and ethnic minorities.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following precautions is specifically meant for children who are subjects in a research study?
A) They have the right to withdraw from participation at any point.
B) The expectation that the researcher will use the least stressful research procedures possible.
C) The data collected must be treated as confidential.
D) They must freely agree to participate.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: How Children Develop: Nature Through Nurture
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the principle of pleiotropism? Provide an example of pleiotropism.
Q2) A gene contains a chemical set of instructions that tell the cell how to A) produce a variety of chromosomes.
B) make a specific protein.
C) develop into a male or a female body.
D) produce various hormones.
Q3) Most couples do not undergo genetic testing for each pregnancy because A) each testing increases the risk of a genetic problem for the next pregnancy.
B) some religions prohibit genetic testing in most cases.
C) the risk of having a child with a genetic disorder is so low (3%) that testing is not warranted.
D) there are not yet enough genetic disorders that we can detect with these tests.
Q4) A child who has violent tendency may seek out and enjoy playing violent videogames. In this case we would describe the genes for this tendency as A) passive.
B) active.
C) evocative.
D) reactive.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Prenatal Development, the Newborn, and the
Transition to Parenthood
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The outer ring of cells in the blastocyst will go on to become the A) support system for the pregnancy.
B) trophoblast.
C) chorion.
D) embryo.
Q2) Today the survival rate for premature infants weighing less than 1500 grams is A) approximately 90%.
B) less than 50%.
C) decreasing, rather than increasing.
D) the same as it was two decades ago.
Q3) The testosterone level of a new father declines following the birth of his baby. A)True
B)False
Q4) There are many more male conceptions than female conceptions because A) the intrauterine environment is more hostile to female conceptions.
B) sperm containing the smaller Y chromosome are lighter so they can swim faster and reach the egg first.
C) there are fewer sperm that contain an X chromosome than contain a Y chromosome.
D) more eggs contain Y chromosomes than X chromosomes.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Physical Development: the Brain and the Body
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97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At what age do girls typically begin the adolescent growth spurt?
A) 9 to 10 years of age
B) 10 to 11 years of age
C) 11 to 12 years of age
D) 12 to 13 years of age
Q2) Describe the pros and cons of breastfeeding infants for their future development, for the mother, and for the family.
Q3) When infants look at faces, they are attracted to
A) the areas of highest contrast.
B) the mouth because it moves.
C) the top of the head.
D) the jaw and chin.
Q4) An advantage of being breastfed for an infant is that A) breast milk contains antibodies from the mother that can help fight off infections.
B) infants who are born to mothers who are HIV-positive can better fight off the disease.
C) breastfeeding is associated with higher scores on intelligence tests in childhood.
D) the infant gains more weight more quickly than bottle fed infants.
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Development
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92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is infantile amnesia? Describe at least two different theories for why people experience infantile amnesia.
Q2) Children do not develop the ability to think logically and abstractly until they reach the stage of
A) conventional operations.
B) concrete operations.
C) formal operations.
D) postformal operations.
Q3) The major cognitive accomplishment during the preoperational stage is
A) acquiring the ability to represent actions mentally rather than physically.
B) developing object permanence.
C) beginning to think logically.
D) translating circular reactions into goal directed activity.
Q4) ____________ is a memory strategy that helps us to remember what to do or say in different familiar situations.
A) Metacognition
B) A script
C) A knowledge base
D) Elaboration
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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Academic Achievement
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to children who are gifted or talented
A) it has been difficult to move away from relying upon high scores on intelligence tests as a way to identify these children.
B) there is agreement that any child identified as gifted should receive extra services through their school.
C) we have not yet identified educational strategies that are beneficial for these children.
D) this term is used to describe children who have intellectual disabilities, but who excel in one specific area of achievement.
Q2) Learning disorders often run in families.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Your ability to quickly and effectively solve novel problems for which you have no previous experience or training is a measure of your
A) "g" factor intelligence
B) performance intelligence.
C) fluid intelligence.
D) crystallized intelligence.
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding bilingualism is true?
A) Unlike a first language, there appears to be a critical period for learning to speak a second language.
B) Different parts of the brain are used when learning a second language compared to learning a first language.
C) The same parts of the brain are used when learning a second language, but they may be used less efficiently.
D) Learning to speak a second language is easier than learning to speak a first language because we use the same parts of our brain for both.
Q2) Compare the following two theories of language development: Nativism as described by Noam Chomsky and cognitive processing theory.
Q3) When a child and adult look at a book together and actively talk about it, switching the role of asking and answering questions about it, it is the process of
A) the PEER sequence.
B) phonetic training.
C) dialogic reading.
D) balanced reading.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development and Attachment
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the explanations that has found some support for why the incidence of depression is greater in girls than in boys starting in adolescence is that A) there are biological differences between adolescent males and females. B) girls do not form the same type of supportive interpersonal relationships that boys do. C) there are far fewer treatments for depression available to adolescent girls. D) girls are more likely to experience negative life events than boys.
Q2) Parents who want their children to explore and understand their feelings engage in A) emotion coaching. B) social referencing.
C) emotion redirecting.
D) emotion dismissing.
Q3) There are no difference in the incidence of depression among different ethnic groups of children and adolescents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe why a child with a disorganized/disoriented attachment is likely to have the worst outcomes.
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12
Chapter 11: Identity: the Self, Gender, and Moral Development
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89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30524
Sample Questions
Q1) A person with an identification with a gender other than the natal gender is considered to be
A) transsexual.
B) transgender.
C) gender nonconforming.
D) gender reversal.
Q2) The idea that gender identity cannot be assessed by asking whether someone believes him- or herself to be nurturing or aggressive because these characteristics may not fit neatly into that person's gender stereotypes is consistent with A) gender schema theory.
B) the gender self-socialization model.
C) cognitive developmental theory.
D) social cognitive theory.
Q3) Use James Marcia's types of identity to describe various ways in which teens relate to their own ethnic identity.
Q4) Moral knowledge and moral reasoning are basically the same thing.
A)True
B)False
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Q5) Compare Kohlberg's and Gilligan's ideas of what morality is and how it develops.
Chapter 12: Social Development: Social Cognition and Peer Relationships
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fantasy play is seen primarily in Piaget's __________ stage.
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations
Q2) Children in collectivist cultures development a theory of mind at much later ages than children in individualistic cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Recursive thinking involves the ability to
A) think about what others are thinking that you are thinking.
B) take the perspective of another person and understand their motivation.
C) understanding that when the shape of an object changes, the process can be reversed.
D) stop thinking about intrusive thoughts.
Q4) What is play? Describe four reasons why play is important for children's development.
Q5) Girls prefer to interact in larger groups than boys.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Families
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most important determinant of whether or not a parent will use power assertion as a discipline strategy is whether they were raised that way.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Latino families, __________ is a cultural value that includes a strong desire to maintain family ties, to be loyal to the family, and to give the needs of the family priority over one's own needs, together with a belief that one's family will be available to provide instrumental and emotional support when it is needed.
A) respeto
B) educaciĆ³n
C) familismo
D) interactivo
Q3) Diana Baumrind's description of parenting styles is based upon two dimensions. These dimensions are
A) affection and discipline.
B) sensitivity/responsiveness and avoidance/rejection
C) acceptance/responsiveness and demandingess/control.
D) openness and sensitivity.
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15
Chapter 14: Beyond Family and School: Activities, Media and
the Natural World
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89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When children interact with the natural world, what are some effects on their physical, cognitive and emotional development?
Q2) One gender difference in how teens use media is that
A) girls use these media much more frequently than boys.
B) boys use these media much more frequently than girls.
C) girls use media to maintain existing friendships but boys use media to make new friends.
D) girls report that using media makes them feel better, but boys report that it often causes conflict.
Q3) When parents greatly restrict and control what their children can watch on television, the
A) children show a substantial increase in prosocial behavior.
B) programs become "forbidden fruit" and are even more appealing to the children.
C) children soon find that what they like watching the best are the programs their parents allow them to watch.
D) children absorb the message that television viewing is not a good use of their time.
Q4) Discuss the pros and cons of children's involvement in organized sports.
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Chapter 15: Health, Well-Being, and Resilience
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30528
Sample Questions
Q1) Maternal smoking during a pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of the child having asthma.
A)True
B)False
Q2) With regard to rates of smoking among teens
A) the rate is much higher among males than females.
B) Black adolescents have a highest rate of smoking.
C) the rate is similar for White and Black adolescents.
D) the rate is similar for males and females.
Q3) Which of the following children would most likely be exposed to lead in the environment? A child who lives in
A) an urban environment in an older house.
B) a suburban neighborhood and whose family drives a SUV.
C) a rural environment and whose family operates a farm.
D) in a single family home, rather than an apartment.
Q4) The most challenging type of stress to deal with is normative stress.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the following statement: "All stress is bad for children and should be avoided."
Page 17
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