Psychology of Social Behavior
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Psychology of Social Behavior explores the scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and act within social contexts. This course examines core concepts such as social perception, attitudes, conformity, group dynamics, prejudice, aggression, and prosocial behavior. Through analysis of classic and contemporary research, students gain insights into the psychological processes underlying interpersonal relationships and the influence of social factors on behavior. The course also addresses applications of social psychology in areas such as health, law, and business, helping students understand and critically assess the impact of social forces in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
THINK Social Psychology 2012 Edition 1st Edition by Kimberley J. Duff
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1240 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: What is Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI)is most true?
A) SPSSI was created by Edward Ross and William McDougall.
B) SPSSI was created to bring together socially minded psychologists interested in applying social psychology to social issues and public policy.
C) SPSSI was created to bring together social psychologists who studied basic research.
D) SPSSI was created to promote the overlap between personality and social psychology.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements best represents a conclusion you could draw from LaPiere's landmark study on the relationship between people's attitudes and their behaviors?
A) Attitudes do not always predict behaviors.
B) Behaviors always predict attitudes.
C) Attitudes always predict behaviors.
D) There is nothing we can conclude about the relationship between attitudes and behaviors.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: The Science of Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Experimental research involves which of the following?
A) Demonstrating correlations between variables
B) Random assignment of participants to experimental conditions
C) Manipulation of the independent variable
D) Both random assignment of participants to experimental conditions and manipulation of the independent variable
Answer: D
Q2) The measurement of a variable is considered valid when:
A) it produces the same result over and over again
B) it measures what it is supposed to measure
C) it can be supported as true
D) none of the above
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following can be considered a major limitation of correlations?
A) Correlations cannot tell you if two variables are related.
B) Correlations are only studied in small samples.
C) Correlations cannot tell you how much two variables are related.
D) Correlations do not allow researchers to assess cause and effect between two variables.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Social Cognition: Thinking About the Social World
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you arrive at your first college class you find a seat,take out your notebook,and being to record information the professor writes on the board.Previous experience of being a high school student helped you determine what to do in this situation.In social psychological terms,the cognitive structure that guided your behavior is commonly known as ______________.
A) a plan
B) a schema
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy
D) the perseverance effect
Answer: B
Q2) Which psychologist(s)is (are)credited with first describing heuristics?
A) Daniel Kahneman
B) Amos Tversky
C) Robert Rosenthal
D) Both Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky
Answer: D
Q3) Once they are formed,schemas are easy to change.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deciding who or what is responsible for the outcome of a situation is known as
A) a self-serving attribution.
B) an attribution
C) self-knowledge
D) self-perception
Q2) Describe a situation from your own life where you might be likely to engage in CORFing.Be sure to explain what CORFing is in your answer.
Q3) Which of the following statements about self-schemas is FALSE?
A) Different self-schemas will take on different levels of important for different people.
B) Self-schemas help organize the processing of information related to the self.
C) Self-schemas may take on different levels of importance depending on the situation.
D) Self-schemas usually have the same level of importance across situations.
Q4) Sally is engaging in downward social comparison when she compares the B she received on her final exam to her friend's C-.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Social Perception: How Do We Perceive Others?
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a theory designed to explain the attributions people make?
A) Covariation theory
B) Social comparison theory
C) Correspondent inference theory
D) Both Covariation theory and Correspondent inference theory
Q2) Describe the halo effect and provide an example.
Q3) ___________ is defined as the process of automatically inferring traits from another person's behavior.
A) Actor-observer effect
B) Three stage model of attribution
C) Fundamental attribution error
D) Spontaneous trait inference
Q4) Which of the following statements about impression formation is supported by research?
A) Impression formation always requires controlled processing.
B) Impression formation always takes conscious effort.
C) Impression formation often happens almost instantaneously.
D) Impression formation always requires both controlled processing and conscious effort.
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Chapter 6: Attitudes: Making Evaluations About the World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have found that lung cancer patients who are optimistic tend to live longer than those with patients with a pessimistic attitude.According to your textbook,what was one suggested reason for the difference in survival rates?
A) Pessimists tended to smoke more.
B) Pessimists may have made poorer choices with respect to their treatment.
C) Optimists had at a better prognosis when first diagnosed
D) Pessimists had a more advanced stage of lung cancer.
Q2) Tommy's mom wants him to clean his room more often.She decides she will not make him do the dishes if cleans his room.This is an example of:
A) Negative reinforcement.
B) Positive reinforcement.
C) Positive punishment.
D) Negative punishment.
Q3) Which of the following statements about implicit attitudes is most true?
A) Implicit attitudes are within are awareness.
B) Implicit attitudes are consciously activated.
C) Implicit attitudes are formed over a longer period of time.
D) Implicit attitudes are automatically activated.
Q4) Briefly describe two ways in which attitudes can be assessed.
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Chapter 7: The Art and Science of Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) One way to increase the likelihood of central route processing would be to increase the personal relevance of an issue to an audience.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If Sally has formed an attitude towards smoking through the central route,her attitude will be more resistant to your subsequent persuasion attempts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Holly is trying to solicit donations for breast cancer research.Pick three of Cialdini's six 'weapons' of influence and describe how she could use them to persuade people to donate money.
Q4) In the absence of an obvious punishment for disobeying a command,research has shown that people will:
A) not feel the need to obey the authority figure.
B) obey the authority figure anyway.
C) argue with the authority figure.
D) disregard and ignore the authority figure.
Q5) Define and describe two of Cialdini's 'weapons' of influence.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Social Influence: Should We Resist?
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Sample Questions
Q1) A politician who wants to deliver a more persuasive speech could attempt to do which of the following?
A) get members of the audience to nod their heads in an up and down motion
B) get members of the audience to shake their heads in a back and forth motion.
C) deliver a weak message but dress attractively.
D) deliver a very short message
Q2) Social impact theory suggests that you will be more influenced by someone who is:
A) of the same status.
B) of lower status.
C) of higher status.
D) of the same intelligence level.
Q3) Name and elaborate on two strategies that can be used to resist obedience.
Q4) Who would be most likely to conform to the majority?
A) a male
B) a female who can provide her viewpoint in private
C) a female who must provide her viewpoint in public
D) a male can provide his viewpoint in private
Q5) Define and describe the chameleon effect.Provide an example.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Power of the Group
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both transactional and transformational leaders produce the same level of performance from their employees.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________ is the idea that one's performance will be hindered or heightened due to approval or disapproval from others.
A) Evaluation apprehension
B) Mere presence
C) Arousal
D) Assessment apprehension
Q3) Elaborate on how bargaining is used to resolve conflicts.Describe the role of the bargainer in negotiating conflicts.
Q4) ________ refers to the tendency for people to take greater risks than individuals would alone.
A) Group polarization
B) Risky shift
C) Deindividuation
D) Group transfer effect
Q5) Name and describe the three factors that may lead to arousal.
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Chapter 10: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination:
Causes and Consequences
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Sample Questions
Q1) A teacher believes that students in his class that are from lower income areas are not as intelligent as students from higher income areas.As a result,he inadvertently provides them with less challenging work and does not demand the same level of performance.Over time,these students begin to show a decline in their test scores across a variety of subject matters.This illustrates what phenomenon?
A) ingroup-favoritism
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) outgroup homogeneity effect
D) old-fashioned racism
Q2) To be effective,techniques designed to combat stereotypes and reduce prejudice and discrimination often require:
A) making individuals happy.
B) increasing automatic processing.
C) increasing controlled processing.
D) decreasing reasoned action.
Q3) The belief that 'all men are emotionally unavailable' is an example of the ultimate attribution error.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe instinct theory.Briefly elaborate on one of the major criticisms of this theory.
Q2) You are aggravated because you are late to meet your friends at the movies and cannot find the keys to your car.This illustrates:
A) aggression.
B) frustration.
C) relative deprivation.
D) disappointment aggression theory.
Q3) Briefly name and describe two strategies for reducing aggression.
Q4) Honor killings are often committed against women and perpetrated by a male relative.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Brian pushes his brother and his father sends him to his room without dinner.His father's decision to send him to his room without dinner is an example of:
A) positive reinforcement.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) punishment.
D) modeling.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Examining Attraction and Close Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent research by Vasey and Vanderlann (2010)suggests that male same-sex attraction can be explained by which of the following?
A) mere exposure
B) the matching hypothesis
C) the kin selection hypothesis
D) same-sex attraction hypothesis
Q2) Abraham believes that he and his wife Mary have been arguing too much,and decides that they should go to marriage counseling.This is an example of a(n):
A) passive response to conflict.
B) exchange relationship.
C) communal relationship.
D) active response to conflict.
Q3) Mike and Shana feel an intense passion for one another and spend all of their free time together.They can often be found gazing into each other's eyes.Mike and Shane are exhibiting what type of love?
A) obsessive
B) companionate
C) passionate
D) romantic
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Prosocial Behavior: Why We Help and Why We
Dont
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ describes the five steps that must be met before a bystander will intervene to help in an emergency.
A) The Decision Model of Bystander Intervention
B) The Empathy-altruism Model of Prosocial Behavior
C) The Cost-benefit Analysis Model
D) The Egoistic Relief model
Q2) In an emergency situation,you would want less people to be present because you would be more likely to receive help from any one individual.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research suggests that men and women differ in helping behavior in which of the following ways?
A) Men are more likely to perform 'heroic' acts of helping.
B) Women are more likely to perform 'heroic' acts of helping.
C) Men are more likely to help in more nurturing ways.
D) Men and women are equally likely to help in nurturing ways but men are more likely to perform 'heroic' acts of helping.
Q4) Distinguish between egoistic and altruistic motivations for engaging in helping behavior.
Page 15
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