Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination explores the psychological roots, dynamics, and consequences of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination in society. The course examines how biases form and are maintained at individual, group, and societal levels, and investigates factors contributing to prejudice such as social categorization, cognitive processes, conformity, and cultural influences. Students will learn about various forms of discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and other social identities. The course also discusses the impact of prejudice on both targets and perpetrators, methods of reducing bias, and the role of psychological research in promoting social justice and inclusion.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding the Psychology of Diversity 3rd Edition by B. Evan Blaine
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11 Chapters
403 Verified Questions
403 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Psychology of Diversity
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Disability includes any condition that affects someone's
A)Vision
B)Mobility
C)Learning
D)Hearing
E)All of the above
Answer: E
Q2) Body size is an important dimension of diversity because
A)Body size influences self-image
B)Prejudice against obese people is widespread
C)Obesity is associated with loss of social status
D)All of the above
Answer: D
Q3) Women are a statistical majority but have less status and power than men in many areas of life.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Categorization and Stereotyping: Cognitive Processes
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A stereotype is a set of beliefs about the members of a social group.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The solo status effect e.g. ,being the only Asian student in a class)on others' perceptions is most related to which factor that guides social categorization?
A)Accessibility
B)Perceived threat
C)Perceptual similarity
D)All of the above
Answer: C
Q3) Banaji and Hardin 1996)found that participants made faster associations between gendered role words father,nurse)and gendered pronouns his,her)when:
A)The words were gender inconsistent.
B)The words were gender consistent.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Stereotypes Expressed: Social Processes That
Shape Diversity
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the negation bias,we use negated terms e.g. ,"not very smart" vs."stupid")to describe the ____ actions of other people.
A)Stereotype-inconsistent
B)Stereotype-consistent
C)Positive
D)Negative
Answer: A
Q2) Students from stereotyped groups are more vulnerable to the self-fulfilling prophecy than are students from majority,non-stereotyped groups.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Parents' expectations for their child's behavior can accumulate over time to produce a self-fulfilling prophecy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Prejudice: Evaluating Social Difference
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the stereotype people hold of an affirmative action recipient?
Q2) We are most likely to express our prejudices when our mood is _____.
A)Angry
B)Anxious
C)Pleasant
D)Indifferent
Q3) Explain the 3 broad motives that underlie prejudice.
Q4) Groups that are stereotyped as low in both warmth and competence tend to be associated with ____ prejudice.
A)Contemptuous
B)Envious
C)Paternalistic
D)All of the above
Q5) Suppressing our prejudice can occur through:
A)Avoiding members of the disliked group.
B)Conscious control of our own negative feelings.
C)Denying that we are prejudiced.
D)All of the above.
Q6) What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
Q7) What is the main terror management theory hypothesis regarding prejudice?
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Chapter 6: Understanding Gender Stereotypes and Sexism
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Current data on the gender pay gap shows that,in 2010,women's median weekly earnings were about ____ of men's median weekly earnings.
A)40%
B)60%
C)80%
D)Men's and women's earnings are the same.
Q2) Stereotypically speaking,men ____ and women ____.
A)act;relate
B)nurture;solve problems
C)care for others;understand
D)make decisions;compete
Q3) Distinguish between hostile and benevolent sexism.
Q4) Discuss three reasons why women endorse benevolent sexist attitudes?
Q5) Title IX has established gender equity in college sports,according to recent investigative reports.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Distinguish between paternalistic and envious stereotypes.
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Q7) Describe the gender pay gap and explain how income entitlement is related to it.
Chapter 7: Understanding Sex Stereotypes and Heterosexism
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how right-wing authoritarianism is related to homosexism.
Q2) Internalized sexual stigma is associated with:
A)less "outness" to family.
B)awareness that being gay is a liability.
C)negative affect.
D)all of these.
Q3) According to 2010 U.S.Census data,approximately what percentage of Americans believes that sex between same-sex individuals is not at all wrong?
A)40%
B)20%
C)10%
Q4) Society's disapproval of nonheterosexual identities,behavior,and communities is:
A)homophobia.
B)sexual stigma.
C)sexual prejudice.
D)sexual orientation.
Q5) Explain the components of sexual orientation and their interdependence.
Q6) There is no scientific basis for gaydar at all.
A)True
B)False Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Understanding Obesity Stereotypes and Weightism
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the relationship between obesity and health,particularly noting the role of weightism and fat shaming.
Q2) There is solid evidence to show that obesity causes illness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Define "heading off" as a coping strategy and give an example.
Q4) Describe how weight loss affects weightism.
Q5) Bessenoff and Sherman 2000)found that participants' distancing themselves from an obese interaction partner was best predicted by:
A)self-reported obesity prejudice.
B)automatic obesity prejudice.
C)both A and B.
D)neither A nor B.
Q6) Which of the following traits is part of the cultural stereotype of obese individuals?
A)lazy
B)unattractive
C)unhealthy
D)all of these
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Understanding Age Stereotypes and Ageism
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the challenges faced by an older worker who loses his/her job.
Q2) According to research,the most common emotional reaction to older people is: A)hostility.
B)sympathy.
C)pity.
D)all of these.
Q3) Describe ageism.
Q4) Under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act,mandatory retirement is illegal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Both positive and negative old age stereotypic expectations can be self-fulfilling. A)True
B)False
Q6) Physical characteristics are the most common type of trait in the stereotype of older people.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What is successful aging?
Q8) Compare and contrast Schulz and Wang's 2011)three models of retirement.
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Chapter 10: Social Stigma: the Experience of Prejudice
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Checking a box on a form to indicate your race or ethnicity is sufficient to arouse stereotype threat.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How does courtesy stigma happen in parents with children with developmental disabilities? What are some of the consequences of that courtesy stigma?
Q3) Discuss the trade-offs in having a visible compared to an invisible social flaw for psychological well-being.
Q4) People who conceal their stigma form relationships somewhat under false pretenses.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Does having multiple stigmatized identities lead to more negative outcomes than having a single stigmatized identity? Discuss.
Q6) Social stigma can be conceptualized in several complementary ways-describe them.
Q7) Discuss two ways that stereotype threat undermines academic performance.
Q8) What are some of the characteristics of mental illness stigma?
Q9) Describe the ambivalence in our reactions to stigmatized people.
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Chapter 11: Coping With Social Stigma
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the consequences of having a self that is dominated by a "master status attribute?"
Q2) For stigmatized people,the chief problem is in gaining social acceptance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Being stigmatized has only negative consequences.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Acceptance and commitment therapy encourages stigmatized people to:
A)avoid people who stereotype them.
B)engage and respond to others' prejudice.
C)disengage from others' stereotyping.
D)escape from situations where they are stereotyped.
Q5) Which is a strategy for protecting stigmatized people against threats to psychological well-being?
A)attributing a negative outcome to prejudice
B)passing
C)self-promotion
D)covering
Q6) Define a master status attribute.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Responding to Social Inequality: Behavioral and
Cognitive Interventions for Reducing Prejudice
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss two processes by which prejudice,stereotyping or discrimination creates or sustains social inequality.
Q2) In Shook and Fazio's 2008)roommate study,the results showed that:
A)White participants' racial attitudes improved when they were assigned a Black roommate.
B)White participants were less satisfied with their roommate situation when they were assigned a Black roommate.
C)Both A and B.
Q3) Explain how cross-categorization reduces prejudice.
Q4) Which works better to reducing your own automatic prejudice?
A)Refuting your own stereotypic beliefs.
B)Affirming counterstereotypic beliefs.
C)Both work equally well.
Q5) Taking another person's perspective and imagining their life circumstances best fits:
A)Cognitive empathy
B)Emotional empathy
C)Social empathy
Q6) What is the contact hypothesis?
Q7) What is the difference between cognitive and emotional empathy?
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