Psychology of Personality Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology of Personality explores the theories, research, and applications related to understanding enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterize individuals. The course covers major theoretical perspectives, including psychodynamic, trait, humanistic, biological, behavioral, and social-cognitive approaches, and examines how personality develops, how it can be assessed, and its influence on life outcomes. Students will analyze the roles of genetics, environment, culture, and personal experiences in shaping personality, and evaluate contemporary issues and research findings in the field.
Recommended Textbook
The Personality Puzzle 6th Edition by David C. Funder
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Chapter 1: The Study of the Person
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Q1) Personality psychologists adhering to the ________ approach focus on psychic energy, the workings of the unconscious mind, and the nature and resolution of internal mental conflict.
A) psychoanalytic
B) trait
C) cognitive
D) phenomenological
Answer: A
Q2) Personality psychology emphasizes how people are ________, whereas subfields such as cognitive and social psychology emphasize how people are ________.
A) similar to each other; different from each other
B) different from each other; similar to each other
C) essentially good; essentially bad
D) motivated by unconscious forces; motivated by conscious forces
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Clues to Personality: the Basic Sources of Data
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Q1) A behavioroid measure is a combination of which two types of data?
A) S and B
B) L and B
C) I and B
D) S and L
Answer: A
Q2) What term is sometimes used to describe instruments like the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?
A) S instruments
B) omnibus personality test batteries
C) objective tests
D) performance-based personality tests
Answer: D
Q3) According to the text, which of the following is another term for behavioral confirmation?
A) action verification
B) causal force
C) expectancy effect
D) narcissistic reflection
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Personality Psychology As Science: Research
Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Applied psychologists involved in personnel selection are less concerned with error variance than are research psychologists.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Dr. Jones uses a wide range of manipulations to frustrate his participants. He then measures aggression by counting the number of times a research participant hits an inflatable "Bobo doll." If this is the only way Dr. Jones measures aggression, the results of his studies may lack ________.
A) generalizability over stimuli
B) generalizability over responses
C) predictive validity
D) stimulus reliability
Answer: B
Q3) According to the text, science is the process of cataloging facts already known with certainty.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was NOT a study that Funder and Ozer reviewed in their work calculating the size of the situation coefficient?
A) the forced compliance task that illustrated cognitive dissonance
B) the bystander intervention effect that illustrated situational factors on helping behavior
C) the reduction in intrinsic motivation that occurs when children are given rewards
D) the position of the learner in Milgram's experiments on obedience
Q2) According to the text, the purpose of personality traits is to predict ________.
A) specific behavioral manifestations
B) behavior in the long term
C) I data but not B data
D) S data but not I data
Q3) Peer acceptance is associated with what trait?
A) openness to experience
B) self-monitoring
C) extraversion
D) conscientiousness
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Chapter 5: Personality Assessment I: Personality Testing
and Its Consequences
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Q1) The factor analytic technique of test construction is designed to________.
A) identify individuals who are attempting to lie or sabotage a test
B) identify groups of test items that seem to be alike
C) identify items that mean the same thing to the respondent as they do to the researcher
D) create projective tests
Q2) Currently, the consensus among most personality researchers is that there are ________ fundamental personality traits.
A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 16
Q3) Your responses to the personality test item "I am an intelligent person" would be ________ data, whereas your score on an intelligence test that reflects the number of problems you got right would be ________ data.
A) B; L
B) S; L
C) I; B
D) S; B
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Personality Assessment Ii: Personality Judgment in
Daily Life
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Q1) Women seem to have a difficult time judging the sociosexuality of men.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A good judge of personality seems to be high in ________.
A) agency
B) self-monitoring
C) communion
D) absorption
Q3) Attractive females are expected to be warm and friendly, and those females who are considered to be attractive are treated in such a manner that they indeed respond in warm and friendly ways. According to Snyder, Tanke, and Berscheid (1977), this effect is a type of ________.
A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) accuracy moderator
C) sex discrimination
D) judgability phenomena
Q4) Music preferences seem to reflect personality characteristics.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior
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Q1) When compared to high self-monitors, people who score low in self-monitoring tend to ________.
A) perform better in job interviews
B) use strategies to influence coworkers
C) be willing to lie to get a date
D) masturbate less often
Q2) What aspects of behavior does self-monitoring help to explain? Thoroughly describe the construct and identify interesting correlates of both high self-monitoring and low self-monitoring. Are there connections between self-monitoring and the Big Five domains?
Q3) According to the text, sex differences in the personality correlates of delay of gratification are likely attributable to sex differences in ________.
A) hormones
B) attention span
C) socialization practices
D) temperamental traits
Q4) Integrity tests are often used by employers in personnel selection.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality
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Q1) One theory about oxytocin is that the hormone is especially relevant for helping men bond with offspring given that men do not become pregnant.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In one study, male U.S. military veterans were asked about their past behaviors. Those with higher testosterone levels more often reported ________.
A) having assaulted others
B) having very few sexual partners
C) problems with depression
D) experiencing delusions
Q3) The neurotransmitter dopamine is associated with systems that ________.
A) respond to reward
B) generate acute feelings of anxiety
C) block the effects of opiates
D) generate vertigo
Q4) Phineas Gage's memory systems were gravely damaged in his accident.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral
Genetics and Evolutionary Theory
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Q1) A researcher who measures the extent to which genetic factors influence the trait of narcissism is taking an evolutionary approach.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to evolutionary explanations of mate selection, women and men seek essentially the same thing from a mating partner-an increased likelihood that the partner is physically attractive.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Men who score high on ________ are especially accurate when it comes to judging their mate value, whereas women who score high on ________ are especially accurate when it comes to judging their mate value.
A) neuroticism; sociosexuality
B) sociosexuality; narcissism
C) sociosexuality; agreeableness
D) narcissism; sociosexuality
Q4) What is the basic premise of evolutionary theory as it is applied to psychology? How could an evolutionary approach be used to understand something such as sibling conflict?
11
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Chapter 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis
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Q1) Much like Freud suggested, contemporary research supports the idea that the conservation of energy applies to the mind as well as to the physical world.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Thanatos is Greek for death.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Baby Jessica's parents respond to her every need as soon as she cries. Freud would predict that, as an adult, Jessica will ________.
A) be well adjusted
B) be passive
C) rebel against authority figures
D) become sexually promiscuous
Q4) Psychoanalytic therapy emphasizes unconditional positive regard.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Victorians often criticized Freud's theory as too unscientific.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: The Workings of the Unconscious Mind:
Defenses and Slips
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Q1) Another name for a modern-day psychoanalyst is a(n) ________ psychologist.
A) id
B) superego
C) ego
D) latent
Q2) If a woman pursued an acting career because she secretly craved attention and flattery, Freud would probably say that she ________.
A) was displacing her feelings
B) was sublimating her forbidden impulses
C) was using reaction formation
D) had an unresolved Electra complex
Q3) One explanation of violent homophobia is that it is the result of ________.
A) reaction formation
B) displacement
C) denial
D) rationalization
Q4) A mental "slip" caused by fatigue is just an accident, according to Freud.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object
Relations, and Current Research
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Q1) Many neo-Freudians preserve Freud's spirit in their writings but reinterpret his original ideas.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An element of Freudian theory that has been maintained in modern attachment theory and research is that ________.
A) attachments can form only between mothers and infants
B) the attachment bond is formed by the caregiver meeting the child's oral needs
C) early relationships with parents form models for later romantic attachments
D) attachment styles are determined by the successful resolution of the Oedipal crisis
Q3) Adler felt that ________ was an important motivator of human thought and behavior.
A) the collective unconscious
B) animus
C) social interest
D) anxiety
Q4) What makes a theorist neo-Freudian? In what ways do these theorists generally depart from Freud? Which theorists have had the most influence on contemporary personality research?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life:
Humanistic and Positive Psychology
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Q1) To avoid developing conditions of worth, a person should experience ________ from the important people in his or her life.
A) unconditional positive regard
B) Mitwelt
C) conditions of worth
D) existential optimism
Q2) Mike thinks that sitting around contemplating the meaning of existence is a waste of time. He spends his life concentrating on developing his career, building a bigger house for his family, and enjoying himself. Sartre and other existentialists would say that Mike is
A) living in bad faith
B) preventing himself from becoming a functioning person
C) ignoring Mitwelt
D) following core ideas of self-determination theory
Q3) Optimism is one of the attributes studied by positive psychologists.
A)True
B)False
Q4) George Kelly believed that personal constructs are bipolar.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality
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Q1) Psychologists who are concerned that the results of contemporary empirical research may not apply to all people everywhere are questioning the ________ of those results.
A) reliability
B) generalizability
C) cross-cultural flexibility
D) construct validity
Q2) Which of the following people is likely to be the most individualistic?
A) a woman from Japan
B) a man from India
C) an African American woman
D) a European American man
Q3) About 25 percent of the population should be left-handed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Women in the United States are not more collectivist than men.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
Q5) What are the reasons why cultural differences in personality might be exaggerated?
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Chapter 15: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories
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Q1) Expectancy value theory states that the individual will weigh both the size of the reward and the likelihood of obtaining the reward when faced with a decision.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Opponent processes in the body can counteract some of the effects of depressants.
A)True
B)False
Q3) On the first day of kindergarten, Terry's teacher responds to the students every time they ask her a question. By the end of the first week, the teacher will only respond to students who are sitting quietly at their desks. At the end of the second week, the teacher will only respond to students' questions if they are quietly seated, raise their hands, and wait to be called on before asking their questions. Terry's teacher is using ________ to change the students' behavior.
A) habituation
B) shaping
C) punishment
D) secondary conditioning
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Personality Processes: Perception, Thought,
Motivation, and Emotion
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Q1) What dimension is not typically included in the definition of happiness used by contemporary researchers?
A) eudaimonia
B) general life satisfaction
C) low levels of negative emotion
D) domain-specific satisfactions
Q2) People can talk much more easily about explicit goals than implicit goals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What theorist is most closely identified with cognitive-experiential self-theory?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Walter Mischel
C) Carol Dweck
D) Seymour Epstein
Q4) What is happiness? Why might happiness help facilitate performance in important domains of life?
Q5) Personal projects are similar to the concept of life tasks.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) What "selves" are two aspects of procedural self-knowledge?
A) relational and implicit
B) rational and explicit
C) collectivist and individualist
D) I and me
Q2) Someone who is high in self-consciousness and primed with words related to stereotypes about senior citizens might ________.
A) walk more slowly after the priming episode
B) walk more quickly after the priming episode
C) react with more anxiety when viewing pictures of Florida
D) react with more sadness when viewing pictures of Florida
Q3) According to the text, college students from individualist cultures who failed a test of creativity ________, whereas Japanese students ________.
A) wanted to take the test again; searched for ways to think well of themselves
B) searched for ways to think well of themselves; did not show this response
C) showed no signs of distress; showed signs of great distress
D) felt bad about themselves; felt bad about their group
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Chapter 18: Disorders of Personality
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Q1) Identify and describe the five general characteristics of personality disorders. Why are there controversies surrounding the definition of personality disorders?
Q2) Some researchers have suggested that strep throat infections in children are associated with the development of schizoid personality disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dependent personality disorder is more common in men than in women.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is NOT one of the maladaptive personality traits proposed for the DSM-V?
A) negative affectivity
B) antagonism
C) disinhibition
D) oddity
Q5) Paranoid personality disorder is more common in males than in females.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Conclusion: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
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Q1) Imagine you are asked to give the lecture in Psychology 101 (Introduction to Psychology) that covers personality psychology. You have a very limited amount of time to expose students to this subdiscipline. What are you going to cover? What findings are you going to emphasize and why? You should strive to present cross-cutting themes that cover multiple approaches to personality.
Q2) Draw on what you have learned about personality psychology to support the argument that the most important choices you make in life are the environments that you select.
Q3) According to the text, you should judge an approach to studying personality by its
A) ability to best explain all of the facts about human nature
B) ability to explain unconscious processes
C) usefulness
D) ability to integrate affective and cognitive mechanisms
Q4) It would be extremely difficult to integrate trait and cognitive approaches to personality.
A)True
B)False
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