Psychology of Personality Exam Review
Course Introduction
Psychology of Personality explores the major theories, principles, and research findings related to the development and structure of human personality. This course examines classical and contemporary perspectives including psychoanalytic, trait, humanistic, cognitive, and behavioral approaches while emphasizing the biological, social, and cultural influences that shape individual differences. Students will critically analyze personality assessments, interpret empirical findings, and consider the practical applications of personality theory in clinical, organizational, and everyday contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Personality 8th Edition by Jerry M. Burger
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
963 Verified Questions
963 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1189
2
Chapter 1: What Is Personality?
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23576
Sample Questions
Q1) For people who are depressed,a psychologist following the behavioral/social learning approach to personality would probably examine
A)what depressed people say about themselves.
B)the environment surrounding the depressed person.
C)the genetic susceptibility to depression.
D)the best predictors of emotional level.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is correct about the relation between personality and culture?
A)Because personality is concerned with the person, personality psychologists are not interested in cultural differences.
B)Most studies to date find few if any significant cross-cultural differences in personality phenomena.
C)Personality exists within a cultural context.
D)Individual differences in personality can be found only in individualistic cultures. Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Personality Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23577
Sample Questions
Q1) When a theory is described as parsimonious,it means that the theory
A)has stimulated a great deal of research.
B)uses only those constructs necessary to explain the phenomenon.
C)was derived from past research data.
D)is not capable of generating testable hypotheses.
Answer: B
Q2) A researcher divides participants into those who suffer from insomnia and those who sleep well.He compares the two groups on the number of hours each spends at leisure activities in an average week.He finds the insomniacs spend significantly fewer hours at such activities than do the participants who sleep well.In this example,the number of hours spent at leisure activities is
A)the independent variable.
B)the dependent variable.
C)confounded with which group the participant is in.
D)the hypothesis.
Answer: B
Q3) Most personality research begins with an assessment.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application,
and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23578
Sample Questions
Q1) A man is angry with his wife,but instead of confronting her,he takes out his anger on his children.This is an example of A)repression.
B)sublimation.
C)displacement.
D)projection.
Answer: C
Q2) Freud identified each of the stages of development according to A)the primary erogenous zone during that stage.
B)how much energy is fixated at the stage.
C)the extent to which the ego and superego are able to influence the child's behavior.
D)the extent to which id impulses are repressed by the ego.
Answer: A
Q3) During free association,a patient is encouraged to A)search his or her mind for clues about unconscious thoughts.
B)report only those thoughts that seem psychologically significant.
C)lapse into silence on occasion to get in touch with unconscious thoughts.
D)say whatever comes into his or her mind.
Answer: D
Page 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23579
Sample Questions
Q1) Hypnotic subjects told that the experimenter's machinery can determine if they are lying or not often fail to show posthypnotic amnesia.This finding is seen as evidence for A)neodissociation theory.
B)psychoanalytic theories of hypnosis.
C)sociocognitive theories of hypnosis.
D)the "hidden observer" phenomenon.
Q2) Which of the following conclusions has been supported by the results of REM sleep research?
A)Depriving someone of REM sleep can lead to psychological disturbances.
B)REM sleep and dreams may help us work through unresolved problems while asleep.
C)A great deal of REM sleep indicates psychological problems.
D)A lack of REM sleep indicates a lack of anxiety.
Q3) In dream research,sleepers are sometimes awakened when __________ indicates they are probably dreaming.
A)a physiological measure
B)respiration rate
C)the time of night
D)none of these
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian
Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23580
Sample Questions
Q1) Erikson proposed eight stages of personality development through the life span,many more than Freud proposed. In terms of stages,Freud's anal stage of development takes place roughly the same time of life as which of Erikson's stages?
A)Trust versus mistrust
B)Autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)Initiative versus guilt
D)Industry versus inferiority
Q2) Adler experienced each of the following in his own childhood except one.Which one?
A)Dethroning by a younger sibling
B)Feelings of physical inferiority to children his age
C)Striving for academic superiority after experiencing feelings of academic inferiority
D)Being a first-born child
Q3) Which of the following statements can be attributed to Jung's view of religion?
A)"Authoritarian religions emphasize that we are controlled by a powerful God."
B)"Modern psychotherapy has taken on the role once reserved for the clergy."
C)"Humanistic religions emphasize that there is no God."
D)"The religions of mankind must be classified as a mass-delusion."
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23581
Sample Questions
Q1) A woman is frustrated by a person at work.Instead of attacking the co-worker who is frustrating her,she yells at her best friend.According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis,the woman is
A)not really frustrated.
B)more likely to act aggressively after yelling at her friend.
C)demonstrating displacement.
D)demonstrating projection.
Q2) Sam is facing a difficult midterm exam and is feeling stressed out about it. As the exam date approaches and his anxiety increases,Sam starts thinking about ways to study more effectively. He schedules a large portion of time for active study of the material on the test so that he is prepared. In terms of coping,which of the following is Sam's strategy?
A)Avoidance strategy
B)Emotion-focused strategy
C)Problem-focused strategy
D)Repression strategy
Q3) Describe three kinds of parent-child attachment relationships. Contrast with examples of each of the four categories of adult attachment styles.What are the implications for children in each of the three relationships when they are adults?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 8
Chapter 7: The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23582
Sample Questions
Q1) A man is said to have one personality trait that dominates his personality.Allport would identify this personality trait as a
A)common trait.
B)central trait.
C)cardinal trait.
D)secondary trait.
Q2) According to Allport,which of the following is true about central traits?
A)They are basically the same for all people.
B)They are useful when examining personality through the nomothetic approach.
C)They are useful when examining personality through the idiographic approach.
D)They are comprised of a number of secondary traits.
Q3) Traits were introduced into the field of personality psychology by
A)Gordon Allport
B)Raymond Cattell
C)Carl Jung
D)Henry Murray
Q4) Describe two of your best friends in terms of the Big Five factors. For each friend,state where that person fits along each of the dimensions. Give two ways that Henry Murray and Raymond Cattell influenced this model.
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: The Trait Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23583
Sample Questions
Q1) Valerie is interviewing for a job she really wants.However,she also suffers from a high level of social anxiety.During the 30-minute interview,the interviewer twice pauses for several seconds before commenting on what Valerie has said.Based on research findings,how would we expect Valerie to respond to the silence?
A)She enjoys the few moments in which there is no social interaction.
B)She says something to keep the conversation going.
C)She interprets the silence as a sign the interview is not going well.
D)She uses the time to prepare what she wants to say next.
Q2) Researchers find that if we know how typically a person experiences positive affect,we can predict that person's
A)emotional expressiveness.
B)number of health problems.
C)level of social activity.
D)affect intensity.
Q3) Researchers studying positive and negative affect sometimes disagree on whether A)positive and negative affect are related dimensions of emotion.
B)men or women are higher in positive affect.
C)we can identify relatively stable levels of affect.
D)positive affect is related to social behavior.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 9: The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23584
Sample Questions
Q1) Research has shown that temperamental differences can affect how a child performs in school. Which of the following is not a difference in the research?
A)Approach or withdrawal
B)Distractibility
C)Adaptability
D)Attention to details
Q2) The biological approach to personality has each of the following strengths except one.Which one?
A)It has identified some realistic parameters for psychologists interested in behavior change.
B)It has provided a bridge between the study of psychology and the discipline of biology.
C)Nearly all of the hypotheses generated from the biological approach can be tested through direct manipulation of the variables of interest.
D)Most of the advocates of the biological approach are academic psychologists interested in testing their ideas through research.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
11
Chapter 10: The Biological Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23585
Sample Questions
Q1) According to the parental investment model,women prefer men who are
A)the same age they are.
B)capable of achieving financial security.
C)physically attractive.
D)gentle and sensitive to their needs.
Q2) Research on the genetic heritability of extraversion-introversion has made use of A)brain electrical activity measures.
B)the twin-study method.
C)differences in sensitivity to stimulation.
D)only twins that have been reared together (in the same environment).
Q3) Research on genetic determinants of personality tell us that A)personality is fixed at birth.
B)most, but not all, of adult personality is determined by genetics.
C)a significant percentage of adult personality is determined by genetics, but experience also plays a large role.
D)except for a few traits, there is very little genetic influence on personality.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23586
Sample Questions
Q1) A man thinks of himself as an outstanding athlete.One day,he watches some tennis players at his athletic club who are considerably better than he is.This information is threatening to his self-concept. Because the man is not fully functioning,Rogers might have expected him to do one of the following except one.Which one?
A)Experience anxiety
B)Reinterpret what he has seen to make it less threatening
C)Deny that the men are good tennis players
D)Accept that there are better tennis players than himself
Q2) Each of the following has been identified as a component of optimal experience except one.Which one?
A)Our attention is completely absorbed in the activity.
B)We experience a loss of self-consciousness.
C)People around us recognize and respect our accomplishments.
D)We lose a sense of time.
Q3) Among the many characteristics of self-actualized people,they tend to
A)be more spontaneous.
B)ignore their own weaknesses and focus on their personal strengths.
C)show higher acceptance of other people for who they are.
D)be more greatly inhibited in their social interactions.
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23587
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is not supported by research findings?
A)We disclose to other people only when we like them.
B)We tend to like the people we disclose to.
C)We tend to respond to intimate disclosure from new acquaintances with intimate disclosure about ourselves.
D)We tend to disclose to people we like.
Q2) Although low self-esteem people have good or bad feelings about themselves,compared to others,they
A)lack a basic confidence in themselves.
B)always appreciate who they are.
C)prefer solitude.
D)rarely focus on negative feedback from others.
Q3) Compared to two people just getting to know one another,two good friends
A)disclose relatively little to one another.
B)are more likely to reciprocate their partner's level of intimacy during a conversation.
C)are less likely to reciprocate their partner's level of intimacy during a conversation.
D)typically limit their conversations to intimate topics.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach:
Theory,Application,and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128312
Sample Questions
Q1) Aversion therapy is based on which concept?
A)Negative reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Shaping
D)Classical conditioning
Q2) Marlene's desk becomes so messy that on occasion she cannot find an important paper she is looking for. After several incidents in which she suffered the consequences of not finding a paper she needed (such as a homework assignment),she learned to organize and straighten her desk.Marlene learned this new behavior through which operant conditioning procedure?
A)Positive reinforcement
B)Negative reinforcement
C)Punishment
D)Extinction
Q3) Systematic desensitization is used by behavior therapists to help clients suffering from which problem?
A)phobia
B)anxiety
C)shyness
D)an undesirable behavior, such as a bad habit
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: The Behavioral Social Learning Approach:
Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128315
Sample Questions
Q1) Behaviorists and social learning theorists maintain gender differences are the result of a life-long process called identity formation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The traditional masculinity-femininity model for describing individual differences in gender-role behavior was based on the assumption that
A)gender-role behavior is learned through operant conditioning and observational learning.
B)masculinity and femininity represent two end points on one continuum.
C)it is better to be masculine than feminine.
D)masculinity and femininity are independent dimensions of personality.
Q3) The original learned helplessness experiments placed dogs in a harness where they were exposed to electric shocks. Later,the dogs were placed in a shuttle-box where they experienced more shocks. The dogs that exhibited learned helplessness
A)quickly learned to escape the shocks in a shuttle-box.
B)failed to escape the shocks in the shuttle-box.
C)escaped the shocks in the shuttle-box, but only after several trials.
D)escaped the shuttle-box shocks, but then showed signs of helplessness.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128316
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?
A)They are basically the same for everyone.
B)They are equally accessible in memory.
C)How we interpret a situation depends on which cognitive-affective units are activated.
D)Cognitive therapists try to reduce the number of cognitive-affective units in their clients.
Q2) Contrast cognitive psychotherapy with Rogers's approach. Discuss the application of personal construct theory to psychological problems such as anxiety. Explain the significance of self-defeating thinking in typical cognitive therapy.
Q3) Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?
A)The situation often initiates behavior.
B)Processing information in a "black box" is generally considered a myth.
C)Cognitive-affective units are equally accessible from memory.
D)Behavior becomes automatic when conscious attention is focused on it.
Q4) Describe each of the major cognitive representations of the self and how each fits into a larger theory of personality. How are these representations measured? Give an example of your own self-schema.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23591
Sample Questions
Q1) When investigators looked at the psychological effects of physical and emotion abuse of women,those suffering from deeper depression showed signs of
A)a negative cognitive style.
B)curiosity.
C)positive emotions beginning to surface after two weeks.
D)false interpretations of events since the trauma.
Q2) All of the following statements about emotional memories are true except one. Which one is false?
A)Women attend to emotional information more than men.
B)Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men.
C)Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men.
D)The links between emotional memories are stronger for men than women.
Q3) Women and men differ in the kinds of information they recall. Researchers explain this in terms of differences in the way men and women
A)make an effort to remember.
B)form cognitive representations of themselves.
C)have been trained to remember information in school.
D)mature intellectually.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 18