Course Introduction
Psychology of Perception Final
Exam Questions
Psychology of Perception explores how humans interpret and make sense of sensory information from the environment. The course covers the biological foundations of sensory systems, including vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch, and examines how the brain organizes and processes these inputs to produce meaningful experiences. Topics include the mechanisms of sensation and perception, perceptual constancies, illusions, attention, and the role of experience and context in shaping our perceptual world. Students will also investigate individual differences and disorders of perception, gaining insight into how perception influences behavior and cognition.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 10th Edition by E. Bruce Goldstein
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769 Verified Questions
769 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first step in the procedure for _____ is to present the participant a "standard stimulus" and assign a numerical value to that stimulus.
A) Recognition
B) Description
C) phenomenological method
D) magnitude estimation
Answer: D
Q2) Kimmy is casting shadows on the wall and watching whether her cat Tiger jumps at the shadows or not. She uses different hand motions to see if there is a difference in whether Tiger jumps or not. Kimmy is informally studying which relationship
A) the stimulus-physiology relationship
B) the physiology-perception relationship
C) the stimulus-perception relationship
D) the perception-behavior relationship
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Beginning of the Perceptual Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) The episode of "Mythbusters" cited in the textbook demonstrated that dark adaptation was the reason why _____.
A) poker players wear sunglasses
B) pirates wore eyepatches
C) cardinals have good night vision
D) cats have good night vision
Answer: B
Q2) Rods and cones synapse with _____ cells, which then synapse with ____ cells.
A) ganglion; bipolar
B) bipolar; ganglion
C) amacrine; unipolar
D) amacrine; bipolar
Answer: B
Q3) A wavelength of 10,000 meters would fall in the _____ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
A) X-rays
B) radio wave
C) infrared rays
D) gamma rays
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Neural Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The difference in intensity between light bars and dark bars is called
A) orientation
B) wave form
C) phase
D) contrast
Answer: D
Q2) Lateral inhibition has previously been used to explain _____.
A) the Hermann Grid only
B) Mach bands and the Hermann Grid, but not the Chevreul illusion
C) Chevreul illusion only
D) the Hermann Grid and Mach bands, and the Chevreul illusion
Answer: D
Q3) Hartline et al. (1956) selected the Limulus to demonstrate lateral inhibition because _____.
A) it was possible to illuminate a single receptor without illuminating its adjacent receptor
B) it was readily available to him and was extremely easy to breed in the lab
C) the Limulus eye contained more cones than rods
D) the Limulus has excellent color vision
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Cortical Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement regarding the dorsal and ventral pathways is most accurate
A) Information flow is unidirectional in both pathways.
B) The pathways rely on information from the same type of ganglion cells.
C) The pathways are independent of each other and do not communicate.
D) Both pathways have feedback activation.
Q2) Tsao et al. (2006) found that _____ of neurons in the monkey IT cortex were face selective.
A) 12%
B) 97%
C) 70%
D) 43%
Q3) The brain imaging technique that tracks blood flow in the brain using magnetic fields is _____.
A) fMRI
B) ablation
C) ERP
D) PET scan
Q4) Describe the methods, results, and conclusions of Gauthier et al.'s "Greeble" research.
Q5) Describe how an object such as a tree is represented in the striate cortex.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a scene, the objects in the foreground are best described as _____, whereas the image making up the background is best described as the _____.
A) object; setting
B) ground; figure
C) near point; distance
D) figure; ground
Q2) Naselaris et al. (2009) developed the _____ decoder, which is used to make predictions about characteristics of a scene such as contrast and shape.
A) form
B) structural?
C) orientation?
D) semantic?
Q3) A voxel is _____.
A) a small cube-shaped area of the brain about 2 mm on each side
B) an electrode used to measure brain activity?
C) the basic unit of sensation?
D) the retinal area on which an image is projected?
Q4) Define semantic regularities and describe their effect on perceptual organization.
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7
Chapter 6: Visual Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) When presented with superimposed images of a house and a face, Mack is asked to focus on the house. This attentional "focus" results in _____.
A) increased activity in the FFA?
B) increased activity in the MT
C) increased activity in the PPA
D) similar activation changes in the FFA and PPA
Q2) Land and Hayhoe (2001) found that _____ are most important in determining fixations when a person makes a peanut butter sandwich.
A) the stimulus colors
B) the stimulus contrast levels
C) the stimulus orientations
D) the task demands
Q3) Based on fMRI data from covert shifts of attention, Datta and DeYoe (2009) developed _____. These tools predicted convert attention to a location with _____% accuracy.
A) attention maps; 100
B) saliency maps; 80
C) voxel maps; 95
D) heat maps; 90
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Taking Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) The swinging room experiments showed that _____.
A) vision can override the traditional sources of balance information
B) traditional sources of balance information cannot be overridden?
C) traditional sources of balance information can only be overridden in experienced adults
D) traditional sources of balance information can be integrated with but not overridden by other senses
Q2) Suppose you are sitting in a coffee shop and about to reach for a cup of coffee on a table covered with magazines, plants, books and various other objects. First, you must identify the coffee cup among the flowers and other objects on the table using the _____ pathway and then for it, taking into account its location on the table using the _____ pathway.
A) ventral; dorsal
B) ventral; ventral
C) dorsal; dorsal
D) dorsal; ventral
Q3) Name and discuss two characteristics of optic flow.
Q4) Describe the role landmarks play in wayfinding.
Q5) Discuss research that shows how vision is important in performing a somersault.
Page 9
Q6) Discuss the capacity of newborn infants to imitate facial expressions.
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Chapter 8: Perceiving Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) In one study, Zacks et al. (2009) recorded someone making a sandwich and asked participants to press a button when they thought one action was complete. The results of the study indicated that _____ were indicative of the end of an action.
A) pauses
B) changes in speed
C) changes in hand orientation
D) head movements
Q2) What does Gibson mean by the "optic array"
(b) Specify how changes in the optic array affect movement perception.
Q3) Brian looks at the moon and some clouds at night. He perceives the moon moving through the clouds. This is an example of _____.
A) induced motion
B) the stroboscopic effect
C) the Reichardt effect
D) the Shedlock effect
Q4) What is the aperture problem
How does the visual system "solve" this problem?
Q5) Describe Freyd's (1983) study of implied motion.
Q6) Discuss three types of illusory motion and provide an example of each.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Perceiving Color
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Sample Questions
Q1) By changing _____, we can create about a million (or more) discriminable colors.
A) saturation only
B) value only
C) hue and saturation, but not value
D) saturation, value, and hue
Q2) Color constancy works best when _____.
A) surrounding colors are masked
B) chromatic adaptation occurs
C) a color object is surrounded by one other color
D) a color object is surrounded by many different colors
Q3) The case of "Mr. I," described in the beginning of the chapter, supports the idea that color is processed in _____.
A) the retina only
B) the LGN only
C) both the retina and LGN
D) a "color center" in the cortex
Q4) What is the difference between an illumination edge and a reflectance edge
(b) Discuss what the "penumbra" demonstration and the "folded card" demonstration reveal about perception of these types of edges.
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Chapter 10: Perceiving Depth and Size
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability to use binocular disparity as a depth cue _____.
A) develops after using overlap as a depth cue
B) occurs before binocular fixation develops
C) develops after using familiar size as a depth cue
D) can be tested using random dot stereograms
Q2) A major assumption of the apparent-distance theory of the moon illusion is that the sky overhead _____.
A) appears to be further away than the horizon because of the lack of the depth cue of atmospheric perspective
B) appears to be further away than the horizon because of the depth cue of stereopsis
C) appears to be closer than the horizon because of the lack of depth cues
D) appears to be closer than the horizon because of the depth cue of accommodation
Q3) Which depth cue is effective both from 0-2 meters and above 20 meters
A) atmospheric perspective
B) occlusion
C) accommodation
D) convergence
Q4) Describe the differences in how depth is perceived in cats, insects, and bats.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Hearing I: Basic Processes and Pitch Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important difference between vision and hearing is that _____.
A) sound waves can travel around corners but light waves cannot
B) although limited vision can be disabling, limited hearing cannot
C) it is possible to "make up for" limited hearing using vision but not for limited vision using hearing
D) while hearing cannot be used as an indicator of approaching danger, vision obviously can
Q2) The outer ear consists of _____.
A) the pinnae, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane
B) the pinnae, the eardrum, and the oval window
C) the tympanic membrane, the oval window, and the eardrum
D) the cochlea
Q3) Discuss how noise-induced hearing loss can occur, and what can be done to reduce the chances of noise-induced hearing loss.
Q4) Pitch is primarily determined by the _____ of the sound wave.
A) amplitude
B) clarity
C) decibels
D) frequency
Q5) Briefly describe the major principle of Békésy's place theory of hearing.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Hearing II: Location and Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coincidence detectors _____.
A) fire when the ITD equals 0
B) fire when the ITD is greater than 20
C) have been found in humans, but not in non-mammals
D) fire when the ILD is greater than 50
Q2) In the research of de Haas and colleagues (2012) on the connections between hearing, when a single dot is flashed onto a screen, the subject perceives one flash. When a single beep is presented at the same time as the dot, the subject still perceives one flash. When two beeps are presented at the same time as the dot, _____.
A) the subjects perceive a single flash
B) the subjects perceive two flashes
C) only individuals like musicians, for whom auditory input is especially relevant, perceive two flashes
D) only individuals like visual artists, for whom visual input is especially relevant, perceive two flashes
Q3) Discuss research that shows that similarity of pitch and timbre affects auditory grouping.
Q4) What is meter and what is known about the processing of meter in the brain?
Q5) Define visual capture and give examples of this concept.
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Chapter 13: Speech Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spectrograms of sentences show _____.
A) that clear pauses occur between each spoken word
B) that formant transitions account for the breaks between words
C) no clear pauses or breaks between words
D) segmentation of words is easily accomplished by listeners in any context
Q2) Warren showed that when a cough sound replaced the sound of the first /s/ in the word "legislatures," listeners reported hearing _____.
A) just the cough sound where the /s/ was originally
B) just the cough sound because it masked the whole word
C) just the /s/ sound
D) the cough and the /s/ sound, but the cough position was not correctly identified
Q3) A sound spectrogram is a plot of _____ as a function of _____, with darker areas representing greater intensity.
A) frequency; time
B) amplitude; frequency
C) time; amplitude
D) time; spatial location of sound source
Q4) What is noise vocoded speech and what has been learned using it?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nerve fibers in the spinal cord go in _____.
A) the medial lemniscal pathway only
B) the spinothalamic pathway only
C) the geniculostriate pathway only
D) both the medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway
Q2) People use mainly _____ to judge texture.
A) enclosure and lateral motion
B) pressure and enclosure
C) contour following and enclosure
D) lateral motion and contour following
Q3) The phrase "multimodal nature of pain" refers to _____.
A) pain that occurs from different sources
B) pain that is tolerable and pain that is intolerable
C) the sensory and emotional components of pain
D) real and imagined sources of pain
Q4) Neurons in the ventral posterior nucleus in the thalamus have _____.
A) center-surround receptive fields
B) ill-defined receptive fields
C) no receptive fields
D) grating-like receptive fields
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Chemical Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the research on odor identification. Relate Goldstein's anecdote about smelling "Aquavit" to odor identification (or better yet, describe a similar situation that happened in your life).
Q2) Does population coding or specificity coding occur in taste?
Support your answer with research.
Q3) Taste signals from the thalamus project to _____.
A) the insula and the frontal operculum cortex
B) only the nucleus of solitary tract
C) the orbitofrontal cortex
D) the parietal cortex
Q4) Which compound has the same flavor whether or not the person's nose is clamped to prevent olfaction
A) sodium oleate
B) ferrous sodium
C) MSG
D) L-cysteine
Q5) In one study, males were asked to rate the scent of a t-shirt worn by a woman three nights during ovulation or three nights when not in ovulation. Discuss the results of this study and relate them to reproductive fertility and the human ability to sense pheromones.
Page 17
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