Psychology of Motivation Review Questions
Course Introduction
The Psychology of Motivation explores the underlying principles and theories that drive human behavior, focusing on the factors that initiate, direct, and sustain effort toward goals. Students examine classic and contemporary perspectives such as biological, cognitive, social, and emotional influences on motivation, and analyze real-world applications in educational, workplace, personal, and social contexts. The course encourages critical thinking about intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation, the role of needs, goals, and self-regulation, and contemporary research trends in motivational psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology Goals in Interaction 6th Edition by Douglas Kenrick
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14 Chapters
1808 Verified Questions
1808 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Psychology
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12575
Sample Questions
Q1) Because evolutionary theorists are interested in general characteristics of our species,they have searched for common patterns in human social behavior around the world.Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a pattern found across all human societies,but not in other mammalian species?
A) The male has the dominant role in the family unit.
B) Both males and females help in raising the children.
C) Males provide protection for the family while females supply nurturance.
D) Males and females mate in monogamous relationships rather than polygamous ones.
Answer: B
Q2) Einon et al.(1994)found that men report having a much larger number of sexual partners than do women.According to your textbook,what is one possible reason for this discrepancy?
A) It was not a representative sample.
B) observer bias
C) social desirability bias
D) none of the above
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Person and the Situation
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nira spends a rainy Saturday watching drag racing on TV.Later,she reflects on her behavior and thinks,"I must really like drag racing since I spent so much time watching it on TV." Nira has learned about herself via A) self-presentation.
B) reflected appraisal.
C) self-perception.
D) self-regulation.
Answer: C
Q2) What are descriptive norms? What are injunctive norms? How do they differ? Provide an example of each.
Answer: Descriptive norms define what is commonly done in a situation.Injunctive norms describe what is approved or disapproved in a situation.Difference: the first refers to what is the case,the latter what ought or ought not to be the case.
Q3) Watching people's facial expressions and looking at people's behavior are both A) methods of self-perception.
B) indirect measures of emotion.
C) ways of measuring self-esteem.
D) ineffective ways of measuring mood.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Social Cognition: Understanding Ourselves and Others
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In recent years,many books have been published about media bias.Liberals have published books proclaiming a conservative bias in the media,whereas conservatives have published books proclaiming a liberal bias in the media.The most likely social cognitive explanation for this occurrence is that
A) either one side or the other is deliberately misrepresenting the facts.
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy may exist on both sides.
C) different people often interpret the same events differently.
D) dispositional inferences are made by everyone.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about human expectations?
A) Expectations are very flexible and easily changed.
B) Expectations are very resistant to change.
C) Expectations are very likely to be disconfirmed, especially in complex situations.
D) Expectations are more likely to be confirmed when people are in a sad mood than when they are in a happy mood.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Presenting the Self
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Making excuses or claiming obstacles can be successful self-promotion strategies because they follow from the
A) self-serving bias.
B) ingratiation strategy.
C) self-handicapping bias.
D) discounting and augmenting principles.
Q2) Which of the following individuals would be liked more if he or she expressed a task-oriented,dominant behavior?
A) a woman talking to another woman
B) a woman talking to a man
C) a man talking to a woman
D) a man talking to another man
Q3) The process through which we try to control the impressions people form of us is known as
A) self-monitoring.
B) public self-consciousness.
C) self-presentation.
D) self-handicapping.
Q4) Describe the self-presentational dilemma faced by aspiring women.
Q5) According to the textbook,why is Hillary Clinton so widely disliked?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Attitudes and Persuasion
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the need for cognition and how it can impact the depth of message processing.
Q2) Credibility of the communicator is used as a shortcut when people are motivated to A) be consistent.
B) be accurate.
C) gain social rewards.
D) gain social approval.
Q3) Imagine that you are about to buy a new car.You would have
A) more negative thoughts about the car before you buy it than after you buy it.
B) more negative thoughts about the car after you buy it than before you buy it.
C) more positive thoughts about the car before you buy it than after, only if you have low self-esteem.
D) equally positive and negative thoughts about the car before and after the purchase.
Q4) An advertisement with a fear appeal is most effective when accompanied by information about how to reduce the danger.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name and define the two reasons that strong attitudes resist change.
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Chapter 6: Social Influence: Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A personality factor that has been shown to withstand social influence,particularly as it relates to harmful norms such as teen smoking,is
A) conscientiousness.
B) collectivism.
C) agreeableness.
D) a belief in one's ability to resist peer influence.
Q2) Define conformity,compliance,and obedience.Give an example of each.
Q3) What person and situation factors cause people to yield to social influence in order to gain social approval? Give examples of how these factors might lead people to change their behavior.
Q4) Describe the three goals of social influence and describe one strategy people use to achieve each goal.Give an example of each.
Q5) The labeling technique
A) provides social feedback, which may help a person see himself or herself differently. B) only works on people who are low in self-monitoring.
C) is a heuristic that becomes particularly effective when a person is not cognitively busy.
D) is an influence tactic that takes advantage of the reciprocity norm.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Affiliation and Friendship
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to television,Facebook,the Internet,etc.,some technological advances have increased the distance between us,while others can help us maintain contact with other members of our social network.Explain this.
Q2) Lonely people tend to engage in healthy coping mechanisms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Fiske,all of the following are fundamental types of relationships EXCEPT
A) authority ranking.
B) communal sharing.
C) equality distributing.
D) equality matching.
Q4) According to the proximity-attraction principle,with whom am I most likely to become friends?
A) someone who has the same job as me but works across town
B) someone who owned my house before I did
C) someone who delivers my mail
D) someone who works in the office next to mine
Q5) What is the mere exposure effect? How might it affect name preferences?
Q6) What is Festinger's social comparison theory?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Love and Romantic Relationships
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that homosexual men also show a preference for young,attractive partners argues AGAINST the idea that
A) patterns of preference are driven by our biology.
B) homosexuality is partially due to genetics.
C) women's preference for status derives from media images of attractive, older, powerful men.
D) human mating behavior is more than a "one switch" mechanism.
Q2) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the husbands of expectant wives?
A) They increase their production of prolactin just before birth.
B) They tend to act more dominant just after the child's birth.
C) They decrease their secretion of testosterone just after birth.
D) Unlike most mammals, they show attachment to their offspring.
Q3) McKinley is an infant who easily expresses affection with her attachment figure and doesn't seem to worry about being abandoned.She most likely possesses a/an ________ attachment style.
A) secure
B) detached
C) anxious/ambivalent
D) avoidant
Q4) Define erotomania and provide an example of an erotomaniacal relationship.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Prosocial Behavior
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals with a high need for approval are more likely to help when others are ________.This suggests that helping others can be a way to ________.
A) present; relieve frustrations
B) present; improve our social standing
C) not present; manage our moods and emotions
D) not present; benefit another in a purely altruistic way
Q2) Studies comparing identical and nonidentical twins have revealed that
A) identical and nonidentical twins have similar helping patterns.
B) identical twins are more alike in their helping patterns than are nonidentical twins.
C) genetic factors play little role in the tendency to help.
D) identical and nonidentical twins were equally likely to help each other.
Q3) Which of the following individuals will be LEAST likely to help?
A) a person with an expanded sense of "we"
B) a happy person
C) a sad person
D) a deeply depressed person
Q4) What is the "looking glass self" and how does it relate to labeling and helping behavior?
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Aggression
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A member of a gang goes into a liquor store and insults and threatens the store owner so that he will start to pay the gang regular "protection" money.This type of aggression may be classified as
A) indirect and instrumental.
B) indirect and emotional.
C) direct and instrumental.
D) direct and emotional.
Q2) Jason grows up watching extremely violent television shows and is always praised by his father for fighting with other children and "standing up for himself." According to social learning theory,how is Jason likely to deal with his frustration later in life?
A) Jason will avoid situations that might provoke aggression.
B) Jason will talk out his frustrations instead of acting aggressively.
C) Jason will respond to frustration with aggressive behavior.
D) Jason will display reactance against his father's approach and respond to frustration with empathy.
Q3) Define direct and indirect aggression,and provide an example of each.
Q4) Describe how alcohol intoxication is related to empathy,and how both can impact aggressive behavior.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination
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127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers studied the derogation of outgroups by fraternity and sorority members and pledges (members-in-training).They found that pledges were ________ likely to derogate outgroup members in public than in private because ________.
A) less; they partially identified with the outgroup members
B) less; they were less authoritarian
C) more; they had stronger motivation to fit in the group
D) more; they were conforming to the full members who derogated the outgroups in public but not in private
Q2) Across the United States as a whole,changes over time in the ___________ norms have probably led to similar changes in the __________ norms.
A) injunctive; descriptive
B) descriptive; injunctive
C) subjective; objective
D) objective; subjective
Q3) When groups can be characterized by both positive and negative stereotypes,a person's mood will influence which stereotypes are more likely to come to mind.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Groups
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joey is hoping to get an A in his social psychology class,but is concerned about his low grade on the first exam.What will make it more likely that Joey will join a study group with Rachel and Monica?
A) if he is particularly individualistic
B) if he believes that studying with the group will help improve his grade
C) if the group cohesiveness is low
D) if studying is not particularly meaningful for Monica
Q2) The disadvantages of diverse groups in the workplace include
A) excessive commitment to the group.
B) too much communication.
C) fewer solutions to problems generated.
D) lack of cohesion.
Q3) Which of the following decreases the power of jurors holding minority views in the courtroom?
A) videotapes in courtrooms
B) smaller juries
C) the requirement that the jury should reach unanimity
D) increasing the diversity of the members of the jury
Q4) Describe the conditions under which opinion minorities are most likely to have influence in their groups.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Social Dilemmas: Cooperation versus Conflict
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define prosocial and egoistic value orientations,and describe the subtypes of each.
Q2) City planners decide to institute a program whereby they will occasionally reward random bus riders with $100 gift certificates to the local grocery store.They are attempting to decrease pollution from individual cars by
A) intermittently reinforcing desirable alternative modes of transportation.
B) continuously reinforcing pro-environmental attitudes.
C) moving negative consequences into the present.
D) immediately punishing undesirable behavior.
Q3) There is a limited pool of resources in the company with which to give raises to the employees.Which of the following options would an individualist prefer?
A) getting a larger raise than everyone else
B) getting the biggest raise possible
C) getting a raise that allows everyone else to get a raise as well
D) forgoing a raise so that others can have larger raises
Q4) Describe the goals that underlie social dilemmas and provide an example of how a social dilemma can meet each goal.
Q5) What is the deterrence view of international conflict?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Integrating Social Psychology
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The social motive of social status includes benefits such as
A) access to rewards.
B) attracting mates and promoting the survival of offspring.
C) understanding ourselves better.
D) both A and B
Q2) How do evolutionary psychologists study human behavior?
A) by looking for cross-cultural differences in behavior
B) by living with gorillas or other primates and studying their behavior
C) by testing evolutionarily-based hypotheses in studies with humans
D) by examining individual differences in perceptions of reality
Q3) You find a correlation between race and number of arrests.What are the possible confounds of this finding?
A) income
B) location (urban versus rural)
C) level of unemployment
D) all of the above
Q4) How is social psychology related to law? Design a research study that combines aspects of social cognition and jury decision-making.
Q5) What is meant by proximate and ultimate explanations for social behavior?
Page 16
Q6) Briefly describe the evolutionary approach to social psychology.
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