Psychology of Mental Disorders Exam Bank
Course
Introduction
Psychology of Mental Disorders is an in-depth exploration of the origins, symptoms, classification, and treatment of psychological disorders. The course examines major mental health conditions such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Students learn about diagnostic criteria, the biological, psychological, and social models of mental illness, and current evidence-based interventions. Emphasis is placed on the impact of mental disorders on individuals and society, ethical considerations in assessment and treatment, and the importance of cultural and contextual factors in understanding psychopathology.
Recommended Textbook
Clinical Psychology 8th Edition by Timothy
J. Trull
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19 Chapters
1138 Verified Questions
1138 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Clinical Psychology: An Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who are trained to assist professional mental health workers
A) are called paraprofessionals.
B) rarely have direct access to clients, especially in crisis centers.
C) generally have not been found to effectively supplement the work of professionals.
D) all of the above
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is true?
A) There are more doctoral-level counseling psychologists than doctoral-level clinical psychologists.
B) There are more accredited doctoral programs in counseling psychology than in clinical psychology.
C) It is more likely for a clinical program, as opposed to a counseling program, to be housed in a psychology department.
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology
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Q1) When large numbers of World War II soldiers developed emotional difficulties,
A) military psychiatrists refused to allow psychologists to help in their treatment.
B) the military asked psychologists to develop screening tests, which came to be called Army Alpha and Army Beta.
C) psychologists successfully lobbied to add posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to the DSM.
D) none of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is true of the emphasis on personality assessment over the last 50 years or so?
A) It has been steady.
B) It has declined steadily.
C) It has increased steadily.
D) It has experienced a decline and then a resurgence.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Current Issues in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) All but which of the following scenarios involves violation of the APA ethical principle of "competence"?
A) A clinician with a doctoral degree in counseling introduces herself as "Doctor Smith" and does not specify the nature of her training.
B) A clinician with a Ph.D. in clinical psychology uses an assessment or treatment procedure that he has not been specifically trained to use.
C) A clinician who is going through a messy divorce refers a similarly messy marital therapy case to another clinician due to fears that she would lack objectivity.
D) Each of the above scenarios involves violation of the competence principle.
Answer: C
Q2) Currently,the most popular training model for clinical psychologists is the A) clinical scientist model.
B) scientist-practitioner model.
C) Vail model.
D) none of the above
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) External validity is essentially
A) the strength of the cause-effect relationship.
B) irrelevant to experimental research.
C) assured by using a double-blind procedure.
D) generalizability to situations beyond the specific study context.
Q2) Briefly compare and contrast unsystematic,naturalistic,and controlled observation methods.
Q3) ALL BUT WHICH of the following are necessary elements of a study debriefing?
A) an explanation for why the study was done
B) if deception was used in the study, an explanation for why deception was necessary
C) a description of the study results (or how to obtain this information when the study is complete)
D) the credentials of all the researchers involved in the study
Q4) What is the difference between statistical and practical significance? Provide an example to illustrate.
Q5) Briefly compare and contrast experimental and correlational research methods.
Q6) Explain what is meant by both internal and external validity in the context of psychological research.
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Chapter 5: Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems
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Q1) Compare and contrast the categorical and dimensional approaches to the classification of mental disorders.
Q2) In DSM-IV-TR,clients are diagnosed along __________ axes.
A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six
Q3) According to the diathesis-stress model of psychopathology,
A) a vulnerability or predisposition (such as genetics) is necessary and sufficient to develop psychopathology.
B) a vulnerability or predisposition and some kind of stressor are both required to develop psychopathology.
C) possessing a diathesis for a disorder guarantees its eventual occurrence.
D) all human beings are born with the same likelihood of developing a particular disorder.
Q4) What is the function of each axis of DSM-IV-TR?
Q5) Identify three major purposes of psychiatric diagnosis.
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Q6) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the "disability or dysfunction or impairment" definition of abnormal behavior?
Chapter 6: The Assessment Interview
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Q1) ALL BUT WHICH of the following is a goal of interviews conducted by clinical psychologists?
A) the establishment of rapport
B) emotional release for the client
C) personal satisfaction for the interviewer.
D) improvement in the client's psychological symptoms.
Q2) How should interviewers handle the issues of note-taking,audio recording,and video recording?
Q3) "Would you tell me about your relationship with your spouse?" is an example of a(n)__________ interview question.
A) confronting
B) direct
C) facilitative
D) open-ended
Q4) Test-retest reliability is expected to be high when
A) the intervening time period between initial test and retest is at least several months.
B) the variable being assessed is a long-standing personality trait.
C) the variable being assessed is a temporary syndrome.
D) more than one of the above
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Chapter 7: The Assessment of Intelligence
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Q1) Identify at least two factors that may lead to poor test-retest reliability of intelligence tests.How might this reliability problem be remedied?
Q2) The Mismeasure of Man is a critique of
A) early "mental ability" tests written by Alfred Binet.
B) Binet's approach to intelligence testing written by David Wechsler.
C) the intelligence testing of females written by Gloria Steinem.
D) intelligence testing written by Stephen J. Gould.
Q3) The definition of intelligence that has been universally accepted
A) equates intelligence with the ability to adapt to the environment. B) equates intelligence with the ability to learn, or "educability."
C) equates intelligence with the ability to think abstractly or symbolically.
D) does not yet exist.
Q4) A clinical psychologist assessing the intelligence of an 8-year-old client with a Wechsler test should use the
A) WAIS-IV.
B) WMS-IV.
C) WISC-IV.
D) WPPSI-III.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Personality Assessment
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Q1) ALL BUT WHICH is a valid criticism of the NEO-PI-R?
A) It contains very few validity items.
B) It demonstrates poor test-retest reliability.
C) It is unclear whether some facets really belong to their assigned domains.
D) It is unclear yet whether the instrument is appropriate for treatment planning.
Q2) Which of the following is true of computer-based test interpretations (CBTIs)?
A) Surprisingly, these interpretations are just as subjective as interpretations generated by clinicians.
B) They may be perceived as more reliable and valid than they in fact are.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above
Q3) How are clients protected from abuses of personality tests,including privacy and confidentiality violations?
Q4) APA's ethical standards assert that psychologists employ only techniques or procedures that are
A) objective.
B) within their competence.
C) cost-effective.
D) widely accepted by professionals in the field.
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Chapter 9: Behavioral Assessment
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Q1) In the past,most behavioral assessors __________,but currently they __________.
A) emphasized the importance of base rates; rarely measure base rates
B) believed mental disorder diagnoses were essential; view diagnoses as optional
C) incorporated cognitions into their assessments on a regular basis; do so far less often
D) saw mental disorder diagnoses as useless; concede that diagnoses may be useful
Q2) Naturalistic observation has taken place in
A) client's homes.
B) schools.
C) psychiatric hospitals.
D) all of the above
Q3) Behavioral assessors use role-playing techniques to A) build rapport with clients.
B) allow clients to express underlying emotional issues.
C) sample clients' behavioral skills and deficits.
D) none of the above
Q4) Describe three distinct ways one might increase the reliability and validity of observational techniques.
Q5) What is functional analysis,and why is it essential to behavioral assessment?
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Chapter 10: Clinical Judgment
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Q1) Dr.Doyle is meeting a client for an assessment.While testing the client and gathering data about her history,a number of contradictions arise-contradictions that Dr.Doyle is unable to resolve.When it comes time to write his report,what should Dr.Doyle do?
A) He shouldn't bother noting the presence of contradictions at all, so as not to confuse the reader.
B) He should mention the contradictions briefly, but play down their importance.
C) He should describe the contradictions in adequate detail for the reader.
D) How he handles this situation will depend upon the specific referral source.
Q2) According to a review of the empirical evidence for bias in clinical judgment (Garb,1997),
A) women patients are judged to be more dysfunctional than men patients.
B) even when presenting the same constellation of symptoms, men are more likely to be diagnosed as antisocial and women are more likely to be diagnosed as histrionic.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above
Q3) What is the relationship between clinical experience and the accuracy of clinical predictions? Explain.
Q4) In what ways might clinical judgment and interpretation be improved?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Psychological Interventions
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Q1) According to the conventional wisdom,a client must be motivated in order to benefit from therapy.Explain why successful psychotherapy seems to require motivation.
Q2) Describe at least three distinct challenges that arise in the context of providing psychotherapy to children that do not arise in psychotherapy with adults.
Q3) According to the conventional wisdom about various patient variables,which individual is most likely to benefit from psychotherapy?
A) Bobby, who was referred to treatment by the courts after two separate instances of "road rage"
B) Antonio, whose wife begged him to seek help after he'd spent the last two weeks unable to pull himself out of bed
C) Ethan, who is trying to show that he is a "fit" parent in anticipation of an upcoming custody hearing
D) Kirin, who wants to make sure that her "head is on straight" before she starts a rigorous graduate program
Q4) What is psychological intervention? Generally speaking,is psychotherapy beneficial?
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Chapter 12: Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective
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Q1) Micah,who is in psychoanalysis,is nervous about the possibility that his id impulses will be expressed unchecked and thus cause trouble for him.The analyst probably labels this nervousness as
A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) neurotic anxiety.
C) reality anxiety.
D) moral anxiety.
Q2) What did Charcot observe while using hypnosis to treat women with hysteria?
A) that their "hysterical" symptoms would sometimes recede
B) that they would sometimes recall traumatic experiences associated with the onset of their symptoms
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above
Q3) What names did Freud give the two sets of instincts that serve as energy sources for humans?
A) pleasure; pain avoidance
B) Eros; Thanatos
C) Amo; Contemno
D) need; desire
Q4) What is transference,and how might a psychoanalyst facilitate it?
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Chapter 13: Psychotherapy: Phenomenological
Humanistic-Existential Perspective
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Q1) William's therapist is using logotherapy techniques in their sessions.Assuming that the therapist attempted to match the treatment to the presenting problem,what is the most likely goal of William's treatment?
A) to correct his illogical/distorted cognitions
B) to assist him in his recovery from a traumatic experience
C) to encourage independence in his thoughts and actions
D) to help him find meaning in a cold, uncaring world
Q2) According to Rogers,a well-adjusted adult who gets demoted at work as a result of poor performance will deal with the event by
A) suggesting that he/she would have performed better if he/she had been better motivated to do so.
B) emphasizing poor working conditions as the reason for his/her poor performance.
C) accepting the failure in this job but recognizing his/her other strengths and overall personal value.
D) achieving insight regarding the unconscious forces that contributed to his/her failure.
Q3) What are the basic tenets of existentialist psychotherapy?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives
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Q1) Aversion therapy is typically applied when a client has A) an aversion to a food or other stimulus and the goal is to overcome it.
B) a desired response in his/her repertoire and the goal is to increase its frequency.
C) an unwanted response in his/her repertoire and the goal is to decrease its frequency.
D) a behavioral deficit and the goal is to expand his/her behavioral repertoire.
Q2) In what type of clinical situation is participant modeling an appropriate form of treatment? What factors can increase the effectiveness of the model?
Q3) Propose a token economy for a director of an inpatient psychiatric unit who would like to increase the frequency of patients making their beds.
Q4) For what type of diagnosis is exposure and response prevention the treatment of choice? Illustrate with a fictional example the important elements of this treatment.
Q5) It has been hypothesized that systematic desensitization works as a result of A) counterconditioning.
B) habituation.
C) extinction.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 15: Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy
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Q1) Identify at least three general situations in which it would be logical to recommend family therapy.Identify at least two general situations in which family therapy should NOT be considered.
Q2) Which two types of group therapy have drawn concern due significant popularization with little research support?
A) psychoanalytic group therapy; psychodrama
B) psychodrama; transactional analysis
C) transactional analysis; Gestalt group therapy
D) Gestalt group therapy; psychoanalytic group therapy
Q3) ALL BUT WHICH of the following is an accurate statement about time-effective group therapy?
A) It has an interpersonal focus.
B) It may be especially helpful for individuals with personality disorders.
C) It specifies a fairly passive role for the therapist.
D) It encourages patient responsibility.
Q4) General systems theory views the family as constantly striving to maintain A) dysfunction.
B) a homeostatis.
C) civility and cooperation among members. D) the best individual outcome for each member.
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Chapter 16: Community Psychology
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Q1) The movement toward community psychology was fueled by ALL BUT WHICH of the following?
A) discontent with use of the medical model for psychological problems
B) the general sociopolitical climate and activism of the 1960s
C) less emphasis on environmental influences on people's behavior
D) greater emphasis on social influences on people's behavior
Q2) Identify at least four primary functions of self-help groups.How may professionals best contribute to the success of these groups?
Q3) Community psychologists tend to see psychological problems as primarily due to A) poor fit between people and environments.
B) people's inadequate coping styles.
C) cognitive distortions in people at large.
D) inadequate environments.
Q4) ALL BUT WHICH of the following factors played a role in reducing the population of mental hospitals after the mid-1950s?
A) a more liberal discharge philosophy
B) the advent of psychotropic drugs, including antipsychotic medications
C) a lack of trained therapists within the hospitals
D) the widespread acceptance/use of the DSM
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Chapter 17: Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine
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Q1) Compare and contrast the biopsychosocial model of illness and health with the models that preceded it.
Q2) ALL BUT WHICH of the following patient/illness factors appear to be associated with increased adherence to medical regimens?
A) low income
B) higher levels of self-efficacy
C) greater severity of illness
D) living with others
Q3) __________ refers to people's beliefs about their ability to exercise control over events that affect their lives.
A) Self-efficacy
B) Self-esteem
C) Grandiosity
D) Optimism
Q4) Define biofeedback,and describe generally how it might proceed for the problem of hypertension.What are two common criticisms of biofeedback?
Q5) Define self-efficacy,and explain the importance of this concept for health psychology.
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Chapter 18: Neuropsychology
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Q1) ALL BUT WHICH of the following is an accurate statement about strokes?
A) Strokes occur most commonly among the elderly.
B) Strokes are also called cerebrovascular accidents.
C) Strokes result from one of three basic types of intracranial events.
D) Prompt medical attention can greatly reduce the amount of damage from certain strokes.
Q2) Compare and contrast the Halstead-Reitan and the Luria-Nebraska test batteries.
Q3) ALL BUT WHICH of the following is a change to the brain often observed in people with chronic alcoholism?
A) lesions in the temporal lobe
B) atrophy of the cerebral cortex
C) damage to the cerebellum
D) shrinkage or lesions in the diencephalon
Q4) Identify and describe in some depth at least four distinct antecedents or causes of brain damage.
Q5) Neurological damage can result in
A) the deterioration of judgment under conditions of stress.
B) a lack of concern over the consequences of one's actions.
C) an inability to learn or retain new information.
D) all of the above
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Forensic Psychology
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Q1) During jury selection,a forensic psychologist
A) who works with one group of attorneys must also offer similar services to the opposing groups of attorneys.
B) ultimately tries to assemble a jury that is as favorably disposed toward the patient as possible.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above
Q2) A forensic psychologist might conduct a public opinion survey for ALL BUT WHICH of the following purposes?
A) To gather information that will be helpful for planning the presentation of evidence at a trial.
B) To determine whether there is sufficient cause to request a change of venue for a trial.
C) To help determine which juror characteristics should be considered in jury selection/deselection.
D) Public opinion surveys may be used for all of the above purposes.
Q3) What did the Supreme Court decide in the 1993 Daubert v.Merrell Dow case regarding the admissibility of expert testimony? Compare the intent of the decision with its effects to date.
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