Course Introduction
Psychology of Learning
Textbook Exam Questions
Psychology of Learning explores the scientific principles and theories underlying how individuals acquire, retain, and apply knowledge and skills. The course examines classical and operant conditioning, observational learning, cognitive processes, motivation, memory, and the influence of developmental and social factors on learning. Students analyze landmark studies, contemporary research, and practical applications in educational, therapeutic, and workplace settings. By the end of the course, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the psychological mechanisms that shape learning behaviors across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Educational Psychology Active Learning Edition 12th Edition by Anita Woolfolk
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15 Chapters
1511 Verified Questions
1511 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Learning, Teaching, and Educational Psychology
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A correlational study is useful for helping to understand if one event causes another event to occur.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The type of research that attempts to establish cause and effect relationships is a(n)________ study.
Answer: experimental
Q3) Explain how principles and theories are derived.Discuss how knowledge of a theory (e.g. ,classroom management)can be helpful to a classroom teacher.
Answer: Principles come from seeing patterns in situations or research findings.For example a teacher may derive a principle after noticing the effect of a specific classroom management strategy on student achievement.A theory is a teacher's explicit explanation about a phenomenon.For example,a teacher might development a prediction about why the classroom management impacts student achievement.Principles help in solving specific problems,whereas,theories provide a more broad framework for deriving new solutions to problems.
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3
Chapter 2: Cognitive Development
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84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the hallmark of Piaget's stage of formal operations?
A)Semiotic function
B)Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
C)Organized thinking of dependent elements
D)Reversible thinking
Answer: B
Q2) Define development and identify specific types of forms it can take.Then explain how maturation relates to development.
Answer: Development refers to orderly and relatively long-term changes that take place over one's life span.Physical development involves bodily changes,personal development changes in personality,social development changes in the way one relates to others,and cognitive development changes in one's thinking.Maturation is the part of development that involves genetically-based changes that are not influenced by environmental factors.
Q3) Neo-Piagetian theorists are concerned with how attention,memory,and strategy use relate to Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: The Self, Social, and Moral Development
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erikson interprets development based on the perspective of the ________ theory. Answer: psychosocial
Q2) Research suggests boys' and girls' self-esteem slightly decreases as students transition to junior high.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What is the important base for moral reasoning in both women and men,according to relevant research?
A)Concern for caring and justice
B)Emphasis on justice
C)Importance of equality
D)Sympathy for others
Answer: A
Q4) Some children from different ethnic groups hear and accept messages that devalue their own group.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Learner Differences and Learning Needs
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Sample Questions
Q1) A disability and a handicap refer to the same condition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cerebral palsy is commonly characterized by overly tense muscles or ________.
Q3) Define what generally constitutes an emotional behavior disorder.Describe four out of the six categories of disorders presented in Woolfolk's text.
Q4) The average deviation IQ score for the general population is ________.
Q5) The largest category of students with disabilities consists of students with ________.
Q6) Which one of the following assessments would provide the most valid basis for identifying students who are academically gifted?
A)A group achievement test
B)A group intelligence test
C)An individual IQ test
D)Teacher observations and grades
Q7) Students who continually move about and do not sit still for any length of time are described as ________.
Q8) What other interventions would you suggest to help Micah?
Q9) At the top of Carroll's three-tiered intelligence model is ________.
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Chapter 5: Language Development, Language Diversity, and Immigrant Education
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74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following statements is TRUE about milestones in early childhood language development?
A)Woolfolk recommends avoiding the use of milestones because they can label and stereotype young children.
B)There are no established milestones for bi-lingual children.
C)One of the milestones frequently used in the number of words a child uses in a sentence.
D)Milestones are not accurate until children are at least four years of age.
Q2) In order to reduce the possible negative stereotypes about students who speak a different dialect,teachers should
A)accept students' dialects as a valid and correct language system,but teach standard English as well.
B)expect to find more homonyms in the students' language than usual.
C)focus on teaching "standard" or "formal" English to all students.
D)promote "heritage" English rather than "formal" English for all students.
Q3) Early childhood is the best time for a child to learn a second language on his/her own.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Culture and Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Distinguish between race and ethnicity.Discuss how ethnic differences in teachers and students can influence school achievement.
Q2) What is the major reason for the development of prejudice?
A)Dislike of certain people or groups
B)Economic competition among different groups
C)Instinctive mistrust of people who are different
D)Learning cultural values
Q3) Researchers generally believe that differences between ethnic groups in cognitive abilities occur primarily as a result of
A)biases inherent in most standardized tests.
B)different experiences in and out of school.
C)different levels of motivation among the groups.
D)natural abilities of the various groups.
Q4) What type(s)of learning approaches would be the most helpful in eliminating gender bias in the classroom?
A)Balance competitive and cooperative approaches.
B)Emphasize cooperative approaches.
C)Emphasize competitive approaches.
D)Use both approaches but emphasize competitive approaches.
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Chapter 7: Behavioral Views of Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr.Lubinetti sends students to a "time-out" box when they become too physically aggressive during hockey practice.Once they have been seated quietly for at least five minutes,they are allowed to re-enter the game.The chance to leave the "time-out" box is an example of what type of consequence?
A)Negative reinforcement
B)Positive reinforcement
C)Presentation punishment
D)Removal punishment
Q2) Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the use of peer pressure in applying group consequences? Peer pressure
A)can be effectively monitored by the teacher.
B)has little effect on most misbehavior.
C)may be both a positive and a negative influence.
D)should be eliminated as much as possible.
Q3) Ms.Tolleson is effectively using social isolation when she removes Mark,who is being disruptive,for a period of 60 minutes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is functional behavioral assessment (FBA)and how would a teacher use FBA?
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Chapter 8: Cognitive Views of Learning
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131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Traditional views of concept learning suggest that we recognize examples of a concept by
A)deductive reasoning.
B)identifying defining features or attributes.
C)imaging prototypes.
D)top-down processing.
Q2) A photographer shoots a flashbulb directly into your eyes.For the next few seconds,all you can see are big blue dots everywhere you look.What type of memory is most directly involved in this phenomenon?
A)Long-term
B)Semantic
C)Sensory
D)Working
Q3) Knowing specific facts or knowing how to do something is called verbal information or ________ knowledge.
Q4) Forgetting due to the serial-position effect can be reduced through the use of A)massed practice.
B)part learning.
C)relearning.
D)rote memorization.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Complex Cognitive Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A heuristic that limits one's search for solutions to problems that have something in common is analogical thinking.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most experts in a field are born with their innate talent and do not have to work hard at their skill due to their special abilities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Use of the READS method would probably have questionable benefits for A)children in early elementary school.
B)encouraging a distributed practice schedule.
C)high school students.
D)improving recall of information from the text.
Q4) The inability to recognize unconventional uses of familiar objects represents a barrier to problem solving that is referred to as ________.
Q5) Creative work is original,appropriate,and________.
Q6) Means-ends analysis:
Q7) Analogical thinking:
Q8) Negative transfer:
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Chapter 10: The Learning Sciences and Constructivism
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the reasons Mr.Brakefield assigns students to cooperative learning groups is so that he can rotate leadership roles and opportunities amongst his students.Mr.Brakefield's rationale for assigning groups is a valid one.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Based on a Vygotskian perspective,the ideal size for a cooperative learning group is ________ students.
Q3) Constructivist views of learning are grounded in the research of A)curriculum designers.
B)Gestalt psychologists.
C)many psychologists and educators.
D)Piaget and Vygotsky primarily.
Q4) Jigsaw,an early format for cooperative learning,emphasizes what relationship among group members?
A)High dependence
B)High interdependence
C)Low dependence
D)Low interdependence
Q5) What are some of the disadvantages of group learning?
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Chapter 11: Social Cognitive Views of Learning and Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bandura challenged and expanded his early work on behavioral conceptions of learning by focusing on
A)acquisition of knowledge.
B)observable performances.
C)principles of reinforcement and punishment.
D)social learning theory.
Q2) According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory,peers
A)can harm student motivation.
B)are more important than teachers in regards to student motivation.
C)are known to have negative influences on promoting self-regulated learning.
D)can serve as important models and facilitate student learning.
Q3) Having a strong sense of will power is also referred to as ___________.
Q4) In recent years,Bandura focused on cognitive factors such as self-perceptions,expectations,and beliefs,so his theory is now called a ________ theory.
Q5) In addition to academic learning skills,self-regulated learners have
A)more time to learn new tasks.
B)good self-control abilities.
C)the belief that problem-solving is easy.
Page 13
D)a tendency to set unrealistic goals.
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Chapter 12: Motivation in Learning and Teaching
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the behaviors of the two boys relative to the distinction made in the Woolfolk text between learning goals and performance goals.
Q2) According to behavioral theory of motivation,students are motivated primarily by a(n)
A)desire for gaining fulfillment for their accomplishments.
B)desire to gain reinforcers for their behavior.
C)inherent need to understand what they are learning.
D)need for social recognition and status.
Q3) High needs for self-improvement are consonant with an entity view of ability.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Whenever Matt appears to be having difficulty in completing his science laboratory work,Ms.Butterfield quickly offers to help him and encourages him to continue working.According to Graham (1991),Ms.Butterfield's behavior is likely to result in Matt developing
A)an enhanced sense of self-efficacy.
B)an incremental view of his ability.
C)doubts about his ability.
D)external-unstable attributions.
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Chapter 13: Creating Learning Environments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wendy,a ninth grader,is very bright and energetic in class.She always knows the right answer and pays close attention.Her only problem is that she rarely hands in homework.Her teacher should
A)enforce the established consequences for incomplete work.
B)ignore the problem behavior so that it will extinguish.
C)place Wendy on a system of token reinforcement.
D)relax the rules slightly so that she can catch up.
Q2) Kenneth frequently misbehaves in Ms.Lindquist's biology class.Which one of the following penalties for his misbehavior is based on Weinstein and Mignano's categories of negative consequences?
A)Having Kenneth stand in the hall or the back of the class
B)Having Kenneth write an essay about his misbehavior and its effects
C)Having Kenneth write multiple times what he shouldn't do (e.g. ,"I should not talk in class.")
D)Using mild physical punishment with Kenneth whenever he misbehaves
Q3) Thomas Gordon described a system for determining what kind of response is needed in different problem situations.What is the nature of this system and what does it suggest that teachers should do to solve these types of problems?
Q4) Activities that are accomplished in the classroom are described as ________.
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Chapter 14: Teaching Every Student
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the taxonomic domain of the following objective? "After learning about the properties of magnetism,students will build a vacuum and observe whether there is magnetic behavior present."
A)Action
B)Affective
C)Cognitive
D)Psychomotor
Q2) Constructivist teaching methods can be incorporated into any educational situation or setting.
A)True
B)False
Q3) From your own experiences,identify at least one example of objectives in the psychomotor and affective domains that you have for yourself.
Q4) The BEST method by which active learning can be incorporated into lectures is to use
A)lower-level cognitive objectives.
B)questioning strategies.
C)scripted cooperation.
D)techniques involving small groups.
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Chapter 15: Classroom Assessment, Grading, and Standardized Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are 5.30 standard deviation units in this distribution of scores.
A)The conclusion in this item's statement is NOT supported by the above data.
B)The conclusion in this item's statement is supported by the above data.
C)There are insufficient data presented to warrant this conclusion.
Q2) The validity of any test is related directly to the
A)difficulty of the test.
B)evaluation of expert reviewers.
C)length of the test.
D)purpose of the test.
Q3) The most defensible practice for scoring essay tests is to evaluate
A)all parts of one student's paper before going on the next student's paper.
B)each one of the items for all students with reference to its respective model answers.
C)each question as acceptable or unacceptable and assign equal weight to each question.
D)the response for each question with regard to content,organization,and mechanics,with each factor weighted equally.
Q4) Would her grading system be considered norm-referenced? Why or why not?
Q5) Compare and contrast criterion-referenced,norm-referenced,and percentage grading.
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