Course Introduction
Psychology of Learning Final Exam Questions
Psychology of Learning explores the fundamental theories, principles, and applications underlying how humans and animals acquire, process, and modify knowledge, skills, behaviors, and attitudes. The course examines classical and operant conditioning, cognitive and social learning theories, as well as modern perspectives on motivation, memory, and individual differences in learning. Students will analyze empirical research, study influential psychologists, and discuss practical implications for education, behavior modification, and lifelong learning, gaining a comprehensive understanding of how learning shapes everyday life and development.
Recommended Textbook
Cognition 6th Edition by Mark H. Ashcraft
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14 Chapters
1643 Verified Questions
1643 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Cognitive Psychology: An Introduction
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What theme of the textbook takes the assumption that cognition functions in a way to capture the ways in which people interact with the world?
A)embodiment
B)metacognition
C)representation
D)conceptually driven processing
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is NOT part of the "standard theory"?
A)long-term memory
B)sensory register
C)STM/working memory
D)explicit memory
Answer: D
Q3) People first began wondering about how the mind worked __________.
A)after the cognitive revolution
B)after Aristotle
C)after Descartes
D)before any of these people or events
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The amygdala is important for __________.
A)memory
B)emotion
C)vision
D)hearing
Answer: B
Q2) Which neuroimaging technique uses magnetic fields to measure blood flow in the brain?
A)CT scan
B)MRI scan
C)fMRI scan
D)PET scan
Answer: C
Q3) All neuroimaging measures are focused on revealing structure.)
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) For a neuron,information may come in the ____________ and out the ________________.
Answer: (DENDRITES; AXON)
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the three-eared man procedure (as used by Crowder).
Answer: The three-eared man procedure, as used by Crowder, is a method of conducting interviews or investigations where the interviewer or investigator actively listens for information beyond the obvious. The name "three-eared man" comes from the idea that the interviewer is metaphorically listening with three ears, meaning they are paying attention not only to what is being said directly, but also to what is implied or hinted at.
This method involves asking open-ended questions, actively listening to the responses, and then probing further to uncover any underlying meanings or unspoken information. It requires the interviewer to be attentive, empathetic, and skilled at reading nonverbal cues as well.
By using the three-eared man procedure, Crowder aims to gather more comprehensive and insightful information from interviewees or subjects, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of the situation at hand. It is a technique that prioritizes active listening and a holistic approach to gathering information.
Q2) Draw a diagram that illustrates (and labels)the important components of the eye. Answer: (FOVEA)
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Attention
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms is NOT likely to result in attention capture?
A)change in color
B)sudden movement
C)abrupt onset of a stimulus
D)conceptually driven arousal levels
Q2) In vigilance tasks,performance starts to decline after __________.
A)20-35 minutes
B)5-15 minutes
C)1-2 minutes
D)60-90 minutes
Q3) In cognitive psychology,"attention" has only a single meaning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The mental attention-focusing mechanism that prepares you to encode stimulus information is called ___________ attention.
Q5) Controlled processing requires __________.
A)mind storms
B)external stimuli
C)attention
D)the refractory period
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Chapter 5: Short-Term Working Memory
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is the cognitive psychologist best known for his work on studying the search for information in short-term memory?
A)Sperling
B)Sternberg
C)Donders
D)Triesman
Q2) Draw the pattern of results that you would expect to obtain in a serial self-terminating search.
Q3) Another was to think of chunking in short-term memory is as __________.
A)expanding
B)recoding
C)synthesizing
D)analyzing
Q4) Logical reasoning is one of those rare cases in which cognitive performance is unaffected by working memory span.
Fill in the Blank/Short
A)True
B)False
Q5) What parts of the brain are implicated in working memory operation?
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Chapter 6: Learning and Remembering
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Squire,what is LTM knowledge that can influence thought or behavior without any necessary involvement of conscious awareness?
A)episodic
B)explicit
C)functional
D)nondeclarative
Q2) Two effects that were discussed in the text that reflect elaborative processing are ____________ and _____________.
Q3) Better recall for items in a list that were made unusual in some fashion (e.g.,bold or underlined)is called __________.
A)the von Restorff / isolation effect
B)the vividness effect
C)autobiographical memory
D)the flashbulb memory effect
Q4) Forgetting often occurs in memory because of an overabundance of neural consolidation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Memory is better with ___________ rehearsal than with ___________ rehearsal.
8
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Chapter 7: Knowing
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is NOT true of connectionism?
A)localist representation
B)a framework in which interconnected nodes in a network,pathways,and priming can be studied
C)The nodes can represent almost any kind of information,from simple line segments (letter recognition)to complex features (e.g.,has wings,red breast,can fly,etc.).
D)In principle,any type of knowledge can be represented by nodes and the weighted connections between them.
Q2) Connectionist models embody the idea that semantic memories are __________.
A)localized in certain,precise spots
B)not really semantic after all
C)an innate part of who we are at birth
D)two across a network
Q3) In semantic memory,which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mental categories?
A)typicality effects
B)rule-based organization
C)correlated attributes
D)family resemblance
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Chapter 8: Using Knowledge in the Real World
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lexical decision stimuli will be the items: DUCK GRILL MANGO YELLOW
Using these items,how might you test priming on a lexical decision task for words that appeared between two propositions in the same sentence and across two different sentences?
Q2) Remembering a fact correctly from past experience but attributing it to an incorrect source or context is ____________________.
Q3) People tend to remember life events around the age of twenty better than would otherwise be expected.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as an assertion is a __________.
A)phoneme
B)proposition
C)morpheme
D)mnemonic
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Chapter 9: Language
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The extensiveness of your knowledge of the rules of permissible sound combinations in English refers to your __________.
A)discreteness
B)phonemic competence
C)productive vocabulary
D)receptive vocabulary
Q2) Deep structures are converted into surface structures by transformational rules.
A)True
B)False
Q3) With training,grammatical versus ungrammatical sentence structures do not impact shadowing performance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Provide an example of a statement in which semantics overpowers syntax.
Q5) Understanding productivity is argued to be the key to understanding language.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How do the effects caused by damage in Wernicke's and Broca's areas differ? Be sure to use appropriate technical terms.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Comprehension: Written and Spoken Language
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an online reading task,poor readers tend to return to previous words that they have already read to a much greater extent than better readers do.Just & Carpenter (1980,1987,1992)refer to this "return" as __________.
A)foveation fixation
B)regressive movements
C)saccadic return
D)functional processing
Q2) What are the five dimensions of Zwaan's event indexing model?
Q3) What is the name of the effect that shows that people typically start by studying information that is way too hard for them?
Q4) The idea that each person in a conversation implicitly assumes that all speakers are following the rules and that each contribution to the conversation is a sincere,appropriate contribution-the most basic conversational postulate,stating that participants cooperate by sharing information in an honest fashion-is __________.
A)the "Cooperative" principle
B)the "Quality" principle
C)the "Belief" principle
D)the "Manner" principle
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning
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98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Affirming the antecedent does not lead to a valid inference.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the three months following the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center buildings in New York City,the rate of traffic fatalities increased by about 350 people.This increase was most likely due to the operation of __________.
A)the effect of sample size
B)the familiarity bias
C)the salience bias
D)the representativeness heuristic
Q3) An algorithm is __________.
A)a specific rule or solution procedure that is certain to yield the correct answer if followed correctly
B)an informal "rule of thumb" method for solving problems,not necessarily guaranteed to solve the problem correctly,but usually much faster or more tractable than other alternatives
C)the act of someone who reasons; to think logically; to analyze with reason
D)the mental representation of meaning in a reasoning problem
Q4) Why might we care about naïve physics?
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Chapter 12: Problem Solving
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name for the desired endpoint of problem solving?
A)goal
B)operator
C)problem space
D)sequence
Q2) Which of the following is most helpful in solving the four-disc Tower of Hanoi problem?
A)insight
B)satisficing
C)means-end analysis
D)problem space violation
Q3) The initial,intermediate,and goal states in a problem and the problem solver's knowledge and any external resources that can be used to solve the problem are collectively referred to as __________.
A)subgoal decomposition
B)the problem space
C)sequence of operations
D)mental representation
Q4) The early work on problem solving was done by the German _____________ psychologists.
14
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Chapter 13: Cognition and Emotion
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prosody is __________.
A)the manual gesture that accompanies speaking
B)the facial expression that accompanies speaking
C)the accent one speaks with
D)the up and down pitch of speech to convey emotions
Q2) The Easterbrook hypothesis suggests that at high levels of arousal,memory is better for central details,but worse for peripheral details.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Emotional memories benefit less from the consolidation process that occurs during sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Perceptual recognition is __________ for emotional stimuli.
A)faster
B)slower
C)simplified
D)complicated
Q5) What help can emotion be to human cognition?
Q6) Emotions are characterized by their ___________ and their _____________.
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Chapter 14: Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older adults may have trouble accessing processing __________ sentences.
A)declarative
B)interrogative
C)syntactically complex
D)morphologically ambiguous
Q2) What do changes in neural firing mean for older adults?
A)Some neurotransmitters stop working.
B)Emotions are stunted.
C)Their hair turns white.
D)Cognition proceeds more slowly.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a feature of child-directed speech?
A)higher voice pitch
B)slower speech
C)quieter voice
D)exaggerated speaking
Q4) Children learn language from adults with the help of __________.
A)visual symbols
B)child-directed speech
C)explicit memory cues
D)linguistic modifiers
Page 16
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