Psychology of Learning Exam Questions

Course Introduction

Psychology of Learning explores the principles, theories, and empirical research that explain how individuals acquire, process, and retain knowledge and skills. The course examines major learning theories including behaviorism, cognitive, social, and constructivist perspectives and investigates the factors that influence learning, such as motivation, memory, and individual differences. Students will analyze classic and contemporary studies, apply theoretical frameworks to real-world learning contexts, and critically assess strategies that enhance learning across the lifespan.

Recommended Textbook

Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology 2nd Edition by Ronald T. Kellogg

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10 Chapters

480 Verified Questions

480 Flashcards

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Chapter 1: Introduction

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Sample Questions

Q1) Two techniques that are now widely used provide an indirect measure of more localized brain activity, as compared to electrical scalp recordings.These two techniques are

A)positron emission tomography (PET)and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

B)functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)and parallel distributed processing (PDP)

C)parallel distributed processing (PDP)and positron emission tomography (PET)

D)functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)and event-related potential (ERP)

Answer: A

Q2) The mind can be broken down into smaller systems, such as short-term memory.This illustrates which theme of cognitive psychology?

A)resource limits

B)automatic vs.conscious processes

C)constructive cognition

D)none of the above

Answer: D

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Chapter 2: Perception

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Sample Questions

Q1) A mental representation that organizes knowledge about related concepts is called a

A)schema

B)prototype

C)feature detector

D)spatial frequency analyzer

Answer: A

Q2) Which theory predicts that pattern recognition will fail when there are minor variations in the stimulus pattern?

A)analysis by guessing

B)prototype-transformation

C)feature list

D)template theory

Answer: D

Q3) Which type of perception process slows recognition of items?

A)analytical processing

B)top-down processing

C)detailed processing

D)bottom-up processing

Answer: D

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Chapter 3: Attention

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Sample Questions

Q1) When two tasks both require a speeded response to two separate stimuli, the second response is slowed as the second stimulus is presented closer in time to the first stimulus.This phenomenon is related to

A)the orienting network

B)the central bottleneck

C)the blind spot

D)subliminal perception

Answer: B

Q2) Because subliminal, unattended information avoid conscious defense mechanisms, it is stored well in long-term memory.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q3) Which theory of attention distinguishes between verbal and spatial tasks?

A)early-selection theory

B)multiple resource theory

C)attenuation theory

D)capacity theory

Answer: A

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Page 5

Chapter 4: Memory Systems

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Sample Questions

Q1) Baddeley's model of working memory includes

A)a phonological loop

B)a visual-spatial scratch pad

C)an executive control system

D)all of the above

Q2) People who suffer from amnesia exhibit the effects of priming like normal individuals.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Without rehearsal, meaningless information will be lost almost completely from short-term memory in about

A)20 milliseconds

B)2 seconds

C)20 seconds

D)2 minutes

Q4) Auditory sensory memory is much shorter in duration than visual sensory memory. A)True

B)False

Q5) Explain the difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

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Chapter 5: Remembering Events

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Sample Questions

Q1) All of the following assume that long-term storage is permanent except for A)motivated forgetting

B)decay

C)proactive interference

D)encoding specificity

Q2) You decide to visit a friend whom you have not seen in ten years.Assuming she lives in the same house, you try to get there even though you couldn't describe to yourself the directions to your friend's house.As you drive, you just "know" which streets to turn onto.This is an example of

A)priming effect

B)episodic memory

C)explicit memory

D)implicit memory

Q3) Which memory system requires continued attention or rehearsal to prevent forgetting?

A)sensory

B)short-term

C)long-term

D)episodic

Q4) Draw the taxonomy of long-term memory.

Page 7

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Chapter 6: Memory Distortions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Autobiographical recollection only includes time and place actions pertinent to our lives.

A)True

B)False

Q2) When recalling a story, what kind of distortions can arise?

Q3) Remembering a period of time in one's life and tying it to upper-level recollections of a job or place of residence is

A)an autobiographical memory

B)a figurative memory

C)constructed recall

D)dependent recall

Q4) Leading questions can result in false memories.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Schemas shape how events are retrieved from ______ - term memory.

A)short

B)long

C)mid

D)none of the above

Q6) Explain an argument challenging the validity of trauma-induced amnesia.

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Chapter 7: Imagery and Knowledge Representation

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Sample Questions

Q1) Walking into a classroom and seeing the desks nailed to the wall violates a A)university policy

B)classroom frame

C)classroom script

D)classroom production rule

Q2) A best or most typical member of a category is called the:

A)prototype

B)basic-level

C)frame

D)script

Q3) Most American college students incorrectly assume that Philadelphia is further north than Rome.This is caused by

A)The rotation heuristic

B)The alignment heuristic

C)The means-end heuristic

D)The geographic heuristic

Q4) Pretending requires the development of meta-representations.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Write a script this activity: going to the swimming pool on a July afternoon.

Page 9

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Chapter 8: Language

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Sample Questions

Q1) A symptom of someone with aphasia is

A)the inability to speak

B)the inability to comprehend

C)lesion or damage to the left hemisphere

D)all of the above

Q2) Explain the concept of a universal grammar and discuss two types of evidence of its existence.

Q3) Critics of teaching sign language to apes claim the uses of sign language

A)are gestures the apes use in the natural environment

B)are promoted by rewards and cues from humans

C)are more often in error than correct

D)reflect more right brain processes than true left brain language

Q4) Which of these language centers in the brain is closest to the occipital lobe?

A)Broca's area

B)Wernicke's area

C)Chomsky's area

D)Whorf's area

Q5) Describe the evidence both for an against the hypothesis that chimpanzees can learn human language.

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Chapter 9: Problem Solving

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Sample Questions

Q1) The famous candle problem (attach a candle to a wall using a box, matches, candle, tacks, and other items)has been studied to demonstrate

A)algorithms

B)means-end analysis

C)functional fixedness

Q2) The term used by German psychologists to describe the tendency to approach similar

Problems in a routine fashion is

A)Selbst-beobachtung

B)Gestalt

C)Einstellung

D)Zeitung

Q3) The nine dot problem (connect all dots with no more than three straight lines)illustrates that people

A)often forget problem goals

B)often impose unnecessary constraints

C)often fail to impose sufficient constraints

D)often forget the givens of a problem

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Chapter 10: Reasoning and Decision Making

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is an invalid form of conditional reasoning?

A)modus ponens

B)denial of consequent

C)affirming the antecedent

D)affirming the consequent

Q2) Which of the following is not a heuristic for problem solving or decision-making?

A)means end analysis

B)availability

C)simulation

D)maintenance rehearsal

Q3) Suppose you are testing the truthfulness of this statement: "If a 5-year old boy plays with guns, then he will grow up to be a murderer." Which type of evidence logically disproves the statement?

A)a 5 year old girl who plays with guns and grows up to be a murderer

B)a 5 year old boy who plays with dolls, not guns, and grows up to be a murderer

C)a 5 year old boy who plays with guns, and does not grow up to be a murderer

D)a 5 year old girl who plays with dolls, not guns, and does not grow up to be a murderer

Q4) Describe the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning.

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