Psychology of Language Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology of Language explores the fascinating relationship between linguistic processes and underlying cognitive mechanisms. This course examines how humans acquire, comprehend, produce, and use language, integrating theories from psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience. Topics include language development in children, bilingualism, reading and writing processes, language disorders, and the mental lexicon. Students will also analyze experimental methods used to study language processing and critically assess the interplay between language, thought, and brain function.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Psychology 6th Edition by Robert J. Sternberg
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1207 Verified Questions
1207 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) This theme of cognitive psychology is whether one should use carefully controlled experiments or use techniques that would allow one to observe the behaviors as they naturally occur.
A)structures versus processes
B)validity of inferences versus ecological validity
C)nature versus nurture
D)domain generality versus domain specificity
Answer: D
Q2) James was interested in a new study technique and whether it would have an impact on the retention of information when compared to a traditional study method.James had the experimental group,with the new study technique,study psychology,while the other group,with the old technique,studied Greek.In this example,the type of material (psychology versus Greek)would be an example of (a)____.
A)antithesis
B)confounding variable
C)random sample
D)representative sample
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are central interconnected cerebral structures of the limbic system except the
A)primary motor cortex.
B)septum.
C)amygdala.
D)hippocampus.
Answer: A
Q2) This particular neurotransmitter is important for regulating impulsivity and is associated with eating behavior,and aggressive behavior.
A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)GABA
D)serotonin
Answer: D
Q3) This research is well known for his work with split-brain patients.
A)Lashley
B)Broca
C)Gazzaniga
D)All of the above have worked with split-brain patients.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Painters often use these types of cues in their work to provide a perspective of depth to the artwork.These types of cues are called
A)viewer-centered representation.
B)monocular depth cues.
C)perceptual constancies.
D)binocular depth cues.
Answer: B
Q2) Top-down processing is to bottom-up processing as Constructivist is to
A)Distal stimulus
B)Configural superiority
C)Direct perception
D)Perceptual Constancy
Answer: C
Q3) These long thin photoreceptors work well under situations in which light is dim.
A)cones
B)crystalline lens
C)rods
D)ganglion cells
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Attention and Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ refers to a degree of physiological excitation,responsivity,and readiness for action relative to a baseline.
A)Awareness
B)Arousal
C)Attention
D)Vigilance
Q2) According to signal-detection theory,__________ refer to one of the possible outcomes,in which we correctly identify the absence of a signal.
A)hits
B)false alarms
C)misses
D)correct rejections
Q3) __________ refers to the process by which particular stimuli activate mental pathways that enhance the ability to process subsequent stimuli related to the initial stimuli in some way.
A)Priming
B)Feature enhancement
C)Conjunction processing
D)Binaural processing
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Memory: Models and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Retrograde amnesia may be viewed as a problem in __________ information in (from)memory.
A)encoding new
B)retrieving old
C)encoding and storing new
D)encoding and storing old
Q2) Max is a volunteer for a psychological experiment.He has been asked to listen carefully to a list of words.He has been instructed to try to remember as many of these words as possible in any order and to write them down after a signal.Max is participating in a __________ recall task.
A)serial-
B)free-
C)paired-associates
D)structured-
Q3) Jacoby suggests that both implicit and explicit memory play a role in every response.His model is called
A)process-dissociation model.
B)memory synthesis model.
C)levels of processing model.
D)multi-store model of memory.
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Chapter 6: Memory Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) After being given directions to get to the theater,Kurt can remember only the first part of where to turn.This illustrates the __________ effect.
A)primacy
B)recency
C)initial
D)availability
Q2) People tend to learn better when they acquire knowledge via __________ learning.
A)paced
B)motivated
C)mass
D)distributed
Q3) What if people never made source monitoring errors.What implications would this have for how memory works?
Q4) What advice would you give a judge to persuade her or him of the potential danger of wrongful conviction based on eyewitness testimony as the sole or primary kind of evidence?
Q5) What is the recency effect?
Q6) What is distributed practice?
Q7) Explain the seven sins of memory.
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Chapter 7: The Landscape of Memory: Mental Images, maps, and Propositions
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study on image scanning,Kosslyn found that it takes longer mentally to scan across
A)smaller objects than larger objects.
B)familiar locations than unfamiliar locations.
C)longer distances than shorter distances.
D)distances when an incentive is not offered than distances when an incentive is offered.
Q2) The map that Quinlan draws of the city that he lives in appears to be more "even" than what it really is.Streets that are not of the same length are in his drawing.The distribution of the city appears to be more even that what it really is.This would be an example of the
A)route-road knowledge
B)relative-position heuristic
C)symmetry heuristic
D)survey
Q3) You are taking your final exam in cognitive psychology.One question asks about a film you saw in class a week ago and you know that you must recall a particular scene from the film.Is it easier for you,and for people in general,to "see" or to "hear" the scene in your mind? Explain.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the main features of connectionist models?
Q2) This mental framework provides a meaningful structure for concepts that are related,and provides general facts about the concept that allows one to make inferences based on prior experiences.
A)compound cue
B)schemas
C)script
D)spreading activation theories
Q3) Explain classical and fuzzy concepts.
Q4) In the brain,at any one given time,a given neuron may assume each of the following activities,except one.Identify the exception.
A)Inactive
B)Excitatory
C)Inhibitory
D)Dormant
Q5) Classical concepts are to _____ as Fuzzy concepts are to _____.
A)defining features;prototypes
B)prototypes;defining features
C)exemplars;inheritance
D)inheritance;exemplars
10
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Chapter 9: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) When decoding spoken language it is necessary to separate the continuous stream of sound into distinct words.This process is referred to as
A)coarticulation
B)discourse
C)speech segmentation
D)reintegration
Q2) Items in a sentence can be used in a particular way depending on the context of the communication (e.g. ,agent,patient,beneficiary,etc. ).The different ways in which items can be used based on context is called
A)thematic roles.
B)coarticulation.
C)holophrases.
D)functional morphemes.
Q3) This area of study focuses on the particular phonemes of a language A)discourse.
B)phonemics.
C)phonetics.
D)allophones.
Q4) What is a phoneme?
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Chapter 10: Language in Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Grice (1967),the maxim of __________ refers to the expectation that a person's contribution to a conversation avoid obscure expressions,vague utterances,and purposeful obfuscation of the point.
A)quantity
B)quality
C)relation
D)manner
Q2) A person who speaks more than one language is
A)bilingual.
B)monolingual.
C)dualingual.
D)unilingual.
Q3) __________ refers to a simple means of communication that is a rudimentary mixture of the lexicon and syntax of two or more languages.
A)Pidgin
B)Creole
C)Dialect
D)Language
Q4) What are the different kinds of speech acts?
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Chapter 11: Problem Solving and Creativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) John,an expert chess player,is playing chess with Mark,a novice player.Late in the game Mark "accidentally" knocks over the board spilling the pieces on the floor.In this situation ______ is more likely to remember the position pieces because ________.
A)Mark;his arousal was higher because he was losing
B)John;he can rely on sophisticated schemas
C)John;he focuses on superficial details during a match
D)John;he is more likely to have "photographic" memory
Q2) This part of the problem-solving cycle involves periodically assessing to what extent you are getting closer to the goal.In other words,individuals who are effective problem-solvers will check their performance along the way to decide if they should continue or change their approach.
A)strategy formulation
B)problem definition
C)monitoring
D)evaluation
Q3) Discuss the similarities and differences between mental set,functional fixedness,and stereotypes for problem solving.
Q4) What is functional fixedness?
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Decision Making and Reasoning
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Sample Questions
Q1) For categorical syllogisms,what are the differences between universal and particular arguments?
Q2) Define subjective utility and give an example demonstrating how it can differ from objective measures of utility.
Q3) One of the symptoms of groupthink is when a group thinks that due to the qualities of the group (i.e. ,intelligence)that it must have made the correct decision.This would be an example of
A)feeling invulnerable.
B)feeling unanimous.
C)squelching of dissent.
D)closed-mindedness.
Q4) In this task participants are shown a set of four two-sided cards (a number on one side and a letter on the other side).The participant is given a conditional statement and then has to decide which card(s)he must turn over to determine whether or not the conditional statement is true.
A)syllogism task
B)Myer's card task
C)Wason selection task
D)affirmation task
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