Psychology of Infancy and Childhood Review Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the psychological development of children from infancy through childhood, examining physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth processes. Students will analyze major developmental theories and current research related to topics such as attachment, language acquisition, moral development, and identity formation. The impact of family, culture, and environment on child development will also be emphasized, providing a comprehensive understanding of how early experiences shape psychological outcomes and influence later stages of life.
Recommended Textbook Infants and Children Prenatal Through Middle Childhood 8th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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13 Chapters
1478 Verified Questions
1478 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1193 Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23625
Sample Questions
Q1) In natural, or quasi-, experiments,
A) random assignment helps protect against reduction in the accuracy of the findings.
B) researchers combine random assignment with the matching technique.
C) cause-and-effect inferences cannot be made.
D) lack of random assignment substantially reduces the precision of the research.
Answer: D
Q2) According to Piaget's theory, in the sensorimotor stage, children
A) can think of all possible outcomes in a scientific problem.
B) organize objects into hierarchies of classes and subclasses.
C) "think" by acting on the world with their eyes, ears, hands, and mouth.
D) can evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23626
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following children is least likely to participate in community-center enrichment activities?
A) Meagan, who lives in a stimulating home
B) Francois, who lives in a middle-income neighborhood
C) Chantel, who lives in a chaotic neighborhood
D) Lucius, who lives in an affluent neighborhood
Answer: C
Q2) Today, more black than white adults
A) live farther away from kin and see fewer relatives during the week.
B) fail to establish family-like relationships with friends and neighbors.
C) perceive their relatives as less important in their lives.
D) have relatives other than their own children living in the same household.
Answer: D
Q3) Today, most researchers view development as
A) mostly influenced by the environment.
B) mostly influenced by heredity.
C) the result of a dynamic interplay between heredity and environment.
D) neither influenced by heredity nor the environment.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23627
Sample Questions
Q1) Infants born to teenagers have a higher rate of problems because
A) teenagers' reproductive organs are not yet mature enough to support a pregnancy.
B) teenagers are not yet physically ready to give birth.
C) many pregnant teenagers are afraid to seek medical care.
D) teenagers are exposed to more teratogens than other pregnant mothers.
Answer: C
Q2) Taking a folic acid supplement around the time of conception reduces by more than 70 percent
A) the risk of miscarriage.
B) infantile hypothyroidism.
C) the risk of Down syndrome.
D) abnormalities of the neural tube.
Answer: D
Q3) Stress-related prenatal complications are greatly reduced when mothers
A) have partners and friends who offer social support.
B) take a low dose of antianxiety medication during pregnancy.
C) take a folic acid supplement during pregnancy.
D) are placed on bed rest during the third trimester.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23628
Sample Questions
Q1) In South America, the Jarara mother
A) leans against the body of the "head helper" to give birth.
B) gives birth in full view of the entire community.
C) gives birth in a hammock with a crowd of women close by.
D) gives birth in a freestanding birth center.
Q2) In induced labors, __________ than in naturally occurring labors.
A) medication is likely to be used in smaller amounts
B) the rate of cesarean delivery is less
C) contractions are harder and closer together
D) the chances of an instrument delivery are less
Q3) The two factors that are largely responsible for neonatal mortality are __________ and __________.
A) birth defects; sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
B) child abuse; sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
C) serious physical defects; low birth weight
D) unintentional injuries; low birth weight
Q4) Explain the concepts of bonding and rooming in. Is immediate physical contact necessary for bonding to occur? Is there a sensitive period for bonding?
Q5) Describe the signs that indicate that labor is near.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23629
Sample Questions
Q1) Zahara, age 3 months, is painfully thin. Her mother is too malnourished to produce enough breast milk, and the supply of formula is inadequate for bottle-feeding. Zahara is probably in danger of dying from
A) marasmus.
B) growth faltering.
C) kwashiorkor.
D) nonorganic failure to thrive.
Q2) __________ preference assesses infants' __________.
A) Familiarity; recent memory
B) Novelty; remote memory
C) Novelty; recent memory
D) Familiarity; reflexes
Q3) Ariana showed signs of growth faltering. An observant nurse intervened early, helping Ariana's parents with their own life challenges, encouraging sensitive caregiving, and coaching the family through Ariana's feeding problems. Ariana will probably A) remain small.
B) show lasting cognitive difficulties.
C) show quick catch-up growth.
D) show lasting emotional difficulties.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23630
Sample Questions
Q1) Linguist Noam Chomsky reasoned that
A) children are born with a series of inborn modules that are specialized for different aspects of language acquisition.
B) reinforcement and imitation fully explain language development in toddlers and preschool-age children.
C) the rules of sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to even a cognitively sophisticated young child.
D) children's innate desire to verbally interact with others promotes language development in all cultures.
Q2) Quality tends to be the lowest in
A) nonprofit child-care centers.
B) family child-care settings.
C) for-profit child-care centers.
D) single child-care settings.
Q3) Research involving infants' numerical knowledge suggests that 6-month-olds can A) discriminate quantities up to five.
B) perform simple addition, but not subtraction.
C) distinguish among large sets of items.
D) add and subtract large sets of items.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23631
Sample Questions
Q1) Effortful control
A) requires adult instruction and modeling.
B) is regarded as a major dimension of temperament.
C) plays a limited role in mental and social development. D) is an ability that is present at birth.
Q2) After being gently scolded for taking a toy away from his cousin, 20-month-old Rainer lowers his eyes, hangs his head, and hides his face with his hands. Rainer is expressing
A) envy.
B) shame.
C) pride.
D) empathy.
Q3) In the Strange Situation, Kimani seeks closeness to her mother and fails to explore. When her mother leaves, Kimani is distressed. When she returns, Kimani hits her. Kimani is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.
A) insecure-avoidant
B) secure
C) disorganized/disoriented
D) insecure-resistant
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23632
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following may be a reason that disrupted sleep has a more pronounced effect on the cognitive functioning and emotional adjustment of low-SES children?
A) Low-SES children are less likely to cosleep, which harms their sense of security while asleep.
B) Insufficient sleep heightens the impact of other environmental stressors prevalent in their daily lives.
C) Low-SES children do not take regular naps, so disrupted nighttime sleep is more harmful to them.
D) Disrupted sleep cycles cause children's cortisol levels to rise, which is particularly harmful in low-SES children.
Q2) Dmitri, age 5, suffers from extreme emotional deprivation. He is very short in stature, shows decreased secretion of growth hormone (GH) and melatonin, has an immature skeletal age, and displays serious adjustment problems. These are typical characteristics of
A) a vitamin C deficiency.
B) psychosocial dwarfism.
C) inadequate thyroxine.
D) an iron deficiency.
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23633
Sample Questions
Q1) Five-year-old Matthew and 6-year-old Jessica like to pretend that they live or work in a zoo. Often, Matthew will pretend to be an animal and Jessica will pretend to be the zookeeper. This is an example of __________ play.
A) parallel
B) associative
C) sociodramatic
D) functional
Q2) Gains in __________ permit preschoolers to generate increasingly complex play and problem-solving goals.
A) planning ability
B) working memory
C) episodic memory
D) metacognition
Q3) Anneli's 4-year-old daughter manipulates sounds within words and enjoys rhyming games. Anneli's daughter is demonstrating A) phonological awareness.
B) metacognition.
C) private speech.
D) knowledge of cardinality.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23634
Sample Questions
Q1) Five- to 7-year-olds tend to rely on __________ when negotiating with peers.
A) adult intervention
B) persuasion and compromise
C) group consensus
D) impulse satisfaction
Q2) Frequent punishment promotes
A) immediate compliance but not lasting changes in behavior.
B) emotional well-being throughout early and middle childhood.
C) more efficient emotional-regulation skills.
D) strong internalization of moral rules.
Q3) __________ accounts for 18 percent of reported cases of child maltreatment.
A) Neglect
B) Physical abuse
C) Sexual abuse
D) Emotional abuse
Q4) __________ is/are vital in managing emotion in early childhood.
A) Social interaction
B) Self-conscious emotions
C) Phobias
D) Effortful control
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23635
Sample Questions
Q1) Most children need help with __________ until about 9 years of age.
A) tooth brushing
B) flossing
C) properly using mouthwash
D) rinsing after tooth brushing
Q2) Who is most likely to influence children's athletic attitudes and capabilities?
A) peers
B) parents
C) coaches
D) teachers
Q3) Which of the following people most likely has a genetic susceptibility to overweight, which emerges only under Western dietary conditions?
A) Ray, who is of Cherokee descent
B) Wes, who is of Samoan descent
C) Andrea, who is of Colombian descent
D) Carrie, who is of African descent
Q4) Describe advances and contributing factors in gross- and fine-motor development over middle childhood.
Q5) List and describe common factors associated with childhood obesity.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23636
Sample Questions
Q1) In international studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, U.S. students typically perform
A) better than students in Korea and Japan.
B) better than students in Canada and the Netherlands.
C) above the international averages.
D) at or below the international averages.
Q2) During middle childhood, the long-term knowledge base grows larger and becomes organized into
A) information-processing frameworks.
B) basic cognitive schemas.
C) hierarchically structured networks.
D) concrete operational webs.
Q3) Aili is aware that she should attend closely to her teacher's directions, group items when memorizing, and reread a complicated paragraph to make sure she understands it. But she does not always engage in these activities. Aili is not yet good at A) selective attention.
B) applying memory strategies.
C) cognitive self-regulation.
D) metacognition.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23637
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following children is most likely to have a sense of industry?
A) Erika, who has an overly high self-concept
B) Tak, who gets along with older children, but does not cooperate with agemates
C) Thayer, who has a positive but realistic self-concept
D) Kumi, who has little confidence in her abilities
Q2) In middle childhood, children's anxieties are directed toward new concerns, such as a fear of
A) the dark.
B) supernatural beings.
C) thunder and lightning.
D) the possibility of dying.
Q3) Which of the following children is at greatest risk for developing a phobia?
A) Yolanda, who is a self-care girl
B) Jeremy, who has low self-esteem
C) Jill, who has an inhibited temperament
D) Gligor, whose parents are divorced
Q4) Describe the features of friendship in middle childhood.
Q5) How does children's self-esteem change from early to middle childhood?
Page 15
Q6) Discuss the development of gender identity in middle childhood, including the self-evaluations that affect adjustment.
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Page 16