Psychology of Human Development Review Questions
Course Introduction
The Psychology of Human Development explores the psychological, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, from infancy to old age. The course examines key theories and research findings related to development, including the influence of genetics, environment, and culture. Students will learn about major milestones in physical, intellectual, and emotional growth as well as the factors that contribute to typical and atypical development. Through the study of classic and contemporary perspectives, students gain insights into how individuals adapt, learn, and mature within their environments.
Recommended Textbook
HDEV 5th Edition by Spencer A. Rathus
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19 Chapters
2228 Verified Questions
2228 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theories, and Methods
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Case study involves detailing an account of the behavior of multiple subjects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Jeremy's parents die in an accident in 1999 when he was 12. During his stay at his first foster home, Jeremy is caught shoplifting twice in the next six months and let go with a warning. Two years later he was placed in a youth detention center for assault and robbery on a grocery store. In the context of the ecological perspective, Jeremy's current situation was most likely due to the influence of his _____.
A) mesosystem
B) exosystem
C) chronosystem
D) macrosystem
Answer: C
Q3) During prenatal development, genes and sex hormones are responsible for the physical development of female and male sex organs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Heredity and Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ is the central layer of the embryo from which the bones and muscles develop.
A) neural tube
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm
D) umbilical cord
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements about Rh incompatibility is true?
A) Rh incompatibility occurs most commonly during a woman's first pregnancy.
B) Rh incompatibility is an untreatable condition that leaves a woman infertile for the rest of her life.
C) Rh incompatibility is an abnormality that is transmitted from generation to generation and carried by a sex chromosome.
D) Rh incompatibility occurs due to antibodies transmitted to a fetus during subsequent deliveries causing brain damage or death.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World
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115 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the uses of general anesthesia in childbirth.
Answer: Answers will vary. Two types of anesthetics are used to lessen the pain associated with childbirth. General anesthesia achieves its anesthetic effect by putting the woman to sleep by means of an injected barbiturate. Tranquilizers and narcotics can be used to reduce anxiety and the perception of pain without causing sleep. General anesthesia reduces the responsiveness of the baby shortly after birth, but there is mixed evidence as to whether there are long-term negative effects (Eger et al., 2014).
Q2) _________refers to pain resulting from gas or other sources of distress in the digestive tract of babies.
A) Colic
B) Aphasia
C) Anoxia
D) Hypoxia
Answer: A
Q3) Adults experience the Babinski reflex.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Infancy: Physical Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of an infant's brain?
A) At birth, an infant's brain is fully developed.
B) An infant's brain reaches nearly 70 percent of its adult weight by the age of one year.
C) An infant's brain is not myelinated at birth.
D) Infants have lesser connections among neurons than adults do.
Q2) Neonates have highly developed peripheral vision.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As children mature, their behaviors become _____.
A) less organized
B) less distinct
C) more global
D) more specific
Q4) Briefly explain proximodistal development in infants.
Q5) Briefly describe myelination.
Q6) Define perceptual constancy. Briefly explain size constancy and shape constancy in infants.
Q7) List some guidelines for infant nutrition set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2011.
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Chapter 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a difference between the surface structure and the deep structure of language?
A) Surface structure includes prelinguistic vocalizations like cooing and babbling, whereas deep structure includes holophrases and telegraphic speech.
B) Surface structure is the superficial grammatical construction of a sentence, whereas deep structure is the underlying meaning of a sentence.
C) Surface structure is the number of words one understands, whereas deep structure is the number of words one can use in a sentence.
D) Surface structure is the automatic repetition of sounds or words, whereas deep structure is the use of pitches of varying levels to help communicate meaning.
Q2) Which of the following is a symptom of Broca's aphasia?
A) Laborious and patterned speech
B) Short stature and infertility
C) A rounded face and a protruding tongue
D) Inability to understand speech
Q3) Discuss the various structures of the brain that are involved in language development.
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Chapter 6: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cliff, a five-year-old, sits on a see-saw for the first time and does not know what to do. He sees another boy sitting on the opposite end of the see-saw laughing and smiling. After a while, Cliff starts laughing and smiling just like the other boy. Cliff's behavior illustrates _____.
A) social referencing
B) indiscriminate attachment
C) contact comfort
D) stranger anxiety
Q2) The Harlows and their colleagues conducted studies of rhesus monkeys that were "reared by" wire-mesh and terry-cloth surrogate mothers. According to this study, rhesus infants reared in solitary confinement:
A) fended off attacks by other monkeys.
B) later avoided other monkeys.
C) only extended their social contacts to older monkeys.
D) were overprotective of their offspring.
Q3) According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, what are the several types of maltreatment of children?
Q4) Discuss some of the adverse effects of child abuse.
Q5) Discuss the treatments for autism.
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Chapter 7: Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Mayo Clinic, 2014, two-to-three-year-olds need 1,600-2,000 calories of food per day.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Brendan is a one-year-old boy and recently suffered an injury to the part of the brain that controls language. On examining him, the neurologist says that other areas of the brain will assume functions of the damaged part and he will not lose the ability to speak or understand a language. The neurologist bases this diagnosis on the _____ of Brendan's brain.
A) plasticity
B) carcinogenicity
C) elasticity
D) immunogenicity
Q3) Children's artistic development is linked to the development of _____.
A) social and sensory skills
B) conservative and redundant skills
C) emotional and behavioral skills
D) motor and cognitive skills
Q4) Explain how language and cognitive development are interwoven.
Q5) Explain the minor illnesses that occur in early childhood.
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Chapter 8: Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) James asks his father for money to buy tickets to the final of a world cup tournament. His father asks him why he plans to attend the world cup final in the stadium when he can watch it on television. James replies that the adrenalin rush he gets with the 100,000 live audience in the stadium cannot be replicated if he watches it on television. His father laughs and gives him the money, telling him to have a great time. In this scenario, James's father uses a(n) _____ parenting style.
A) rejecting-neglecting
B) permissive-indulgent
C) authoritarian
D) power-assertive
Q2) April, Katy, and John study in the third grade. They regularly play a game they call "Shopping," wherein April assumes the role of a shopkeeper, Katy assumes the role of April's assistant, and John acts as a customer. Although they do not follow any rules, they have a script, and they play according to it. It is evident that April, Katy, and John are engaged in _____.
A) functional play
B) symbolic play
C) constructive play
D) formal games
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Chapter 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reaction time tends to increase through middle childhood and adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Matt, an eleven-year-old boy, got into a fight with his classmate and bruised his arm. He plans to lie to his parents about the bruise as he is afraid that they will scold him. However, he feels that good boys should not lie and decides to tell them the truth. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which of the following stages of development does Matt display?
A) Autonomous morality
B) Conventional level
C) Objective morality
D) Preconventional level
Q3) Divergent thinking is the:
A) free and fluent association to the elements of a problem.
B) view that retribution for wrongdoing is a direct consequence of the wrongdoing. C) judgment of acts as moral when they conform to authority or to the rules of the game.
D) thought process that attempts to focus on the single best solution to a problem.
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Chapter 10: Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research by Steca et al. in 2014, a child with low self-esteem in academics tends to:
A) change his or her strategy for achieving success.
B) make persistent effort to overcome obstacles.
C) quit following failure.
D) show more confidence in his or her ability.
Q2) According to research by Chan & Koo in 2011 and Scales in 2014, children with low self-esteem are likely to have _____.
A) authoritarian parents
B) permissive-indulgent parents
C) restrictive parents
D) loving parents
Q3) According to Piaget, middle childhood coincides with the _________stage.
A) latency
B) concrete operations
C) pre-conventional
D) sensorimotor
Q4) According to Freud, children in the middle years are in the oral stage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research, Girls in the United States are more likely than boys to have reading problems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The transition from elementary school appears to be more difficult for boys than girls.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the use of stimulant drugs among adolescents.
Q4) _____ describes women who have low availability of energy, menstrual problems, and lessened bone density.
A) The female athlete triad
B) Rett syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) Bulimia nervosa
Q5) In girls, the pituitary gland:
A) enables growth spurts in height and weight.
B) stimulates the pituitary gland to increase testosterone production.
C) signals the ovaries to boost estrogen production at puberty.
D) prevents the long bones from making further gains in length.
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Chapter 12: Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development
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126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During adolescence, boys tend to have one or two close friends, whereas girls tend to congregate in larger, less intimate groups.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of sexual behavior?
A) Sex hormones predispose lower animals to stereotypical masculine or feminine mating patterns.
B) Genetic factors are unlikely to determine the sexual orientation of individuals.
C) Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain begin at the same time.
D) Individuals are genetically predisposed to have a homosexual orientation.
Q3) Discuss self-esteem among adolescents.
Q4) Discuss dating and romantic relationships among adolescents.
Q5) Which of the following scenarios is an example of a status offense?
A) Amanda, a teenager, attempts to commit suicide by taking an overdose of sleeping pills.
B) Tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy.
C) Ted, a young adult, is sexually intimate with his friend Bob.
D) Alex, a 20-year-old, is often fined for over speeding.
Q6) Describe the influence of ethnicity and gender on adolescent suicides.
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Chapter 13: Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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115 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An intrinsic reward for working is developing one's talent.
A)True
B)False
Q2) People in college are often at the realistic choice stage of career development.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is true of physical development during early adulthood?
A) Young adults are at their tallest during early adulthood.
B) Women are normally stronger than men during early adulthood.
C) The immune system suffers due to extreme stress during early adulthood.
D) The skin begins to tighten in early adulthood.
Q4) Which of the following is true of cognitive development?
A) As with physical development, people are at the height of their cognitive powers during late adulthood.
B) People typically retain their verbal skills and may even show improvement in vocabulary and general knowledge as they age.
C) Performance on tasks that require reasoning or problem-solving speeds, and visual-spatial skills tends to decline in early adulthood.
D) Crystallized intelligence is more susceptible to age than fluid intelligence.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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115 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the characteristics of lonely people.
Q2) A difference between cohabitors and noncohabitors is that cohabitors tend to:
A) have higher self-esteem and feelings of empathy.
B) be more committed to the values associated with the institution of marriage.
C) be more religious.
D) be less traditional.
Q3) Which of the following is true of romantic love?
A) It involves a strong sense of intimacy and commitment but lacks passion.
B) It typifies long-term relationships in which passion has ebbed but a deep and abiding friendship remains.
C) It is characterized by a deep commitment to remain together.
D) It may burn brightly and then flicker out.
Q4) What is the conflict identified by Erikson for the phase of early adulthood? What are the criticisms against Erickson?
Q5) Married people appear to be better able to cope with the stresses and strains of life.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the emotional force called attraction with reference to young adults.
Page 16
Q7) Discuss cohabitation among young adults.
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Chapter 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The body responds to the presence of antigens by:
A) producing more insulin through the pancreas.
B) burning fewer calories than usual.
C) coordinating appropriate muscular responses.
D) generating specialized proteins, or antibodies.
Q2) Which of the following refers to the fatty deposits that develop in the lining of arteries?
A) Tumor
B) Plaque
C) A clot
D) A lipoma
Q3) The brittleness and porosity of the bones due to long-term estrogen deficiency is called _________.
A) osteoporosis
B) presbyopia
C) glaucoma
D) arthritis
Q4) Describe learning among people of middle adult age.
Q6) How does aerobic capacity change during middle adulthood? Page 17
Q5) Describe the sexual dysfunctions among men and women in middle adulthood.
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Page 18
Chapter 16: Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of a career change in middle adulthood?
A) It often involves change into related areas.
B) It occurs more often in middle adulthood than in early adulthood.
C) It is rarely voluntary.
D) It is always associated with negative changes in one's mental health.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an event that is most likely to trigger the midlife crisis?
A) The wedding of a child
B) The birth of a grandchild
C) A child leaving home for college
D) Relocation due to work
Q3) According to Levinson, which of the following is true of middle adulthood?
A) At this stage, people are likely to experience a midlife crisis.
B) At this stage, people have more to look forward to than look back upon.
C) At this stage, people experience happiness due to the knowledge that they are approaching the end of their work years.
D) At this stage, menopause is seen as a positive event by women.
Q4) Workers in middle adulthood have unrealistic perceptions of their career goals.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even if fluid intelligence remained intact, prospective memory might decline.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research studies have shown the existence of age-related cognitive changes in late adulthood. Which of the following statements supports this claim?
A) Although older adults usually do not fare as well as younger adults in tasks that measure implicit memory, they tend to do nearly as well as young adults in tasks that assess explicit memory.
B) If fluid intelligence remains intact, prospective memory of older adults does not decline.
C) Older adults show a gradual decline in their expressive vocabularies despite retaining their receptive vocabularies.
D) When older adults encounter interpersonal conflicts, they are relatively more likely than young adults to express frustration and to seek support from other people.
Q3) Retrospective memory helps us retrieve information from the past.
A)True
B)False
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Page 20
Chapter 18: Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss retirement planning as explained by psychologists Gary Adams and Barbara Rau, and Daniel Feldman and Terry Beehr.
Q2) Among Robert Peck's three developmental tasks, _________means preparing in some way to go beyond the physical limitations of one's own life span.
A) ego disengagement
B) ego preoccupation
C) ego differentiation
D) ego transcendence
Q3) Depression may be overlooked because its symptoms are masked by physical complaints.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It seems that well-being among older adults generally increases when they pursue goals rather than withdraw from society. This statement refutes the accuracy of the
A) activity theory
B) psychosocial theory
C) disengagement theory
D) socioemotional selectivity theory
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Chapter 19: Lifes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vincent is in the final stage of lung cancer and is in a great deal of pain. He requests his physicians to put an end to his suffering by allowing him to die. After completing the required legal formalities, Vincent's wife administers a drug to end his life. This scenario illustrates _____.
A) temporary sedation
B) voluntary active euthanasia
C) passive euthanasia
D) physician-assisted suicide
Q2) Voluntary active euthanasia is legal throughout most of the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe adolescents' understanding of death and their reaction to it.
Q4) Which of the following is an alternative term that is used to refer to euthanasia?
A) Palliative care
B) Sedation
C) Suicide
D) Mercy killing
Q5) List the characteristics of hospice care.
Q6) Discuss the stage theory of grief.
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