Psychology of Human Development Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Psychology of Human Development explores the psychological growth and changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, from infancy through old age. This course examines theories of development, including cognitive, emotional, social, and physical changes, and considers how biological, environmental, and cultural factors shape individual development. Through case studies, empirical research, and real-world applications, students gain a deeper understanding of key milestones, developmental challenges, and the diverse pathways of human growth.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development 14th Edition by John W Santrock
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17 Chapters
1797 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erikson had a specific outlook on the initiative versus guilt stage.Which of the following statements matches his outlook?
A) Seldom does a child reach a sense of accomplishment.
B) Many children in this stage reach a sense of accomplishment,but it takes a long time.
C) Erikson had a positive outlook on this stage when children succeed in accomplishing tasks.
D) This stage is one of the most difficult stages to complete successfully.
Answer: C
Q2) As a high-school principal,Dr.Ilka is interested in whether the fifth-grade students have better math skills than the third- and first-graders.To answer her question she presents children in each of the three grades with the same math test and then compares the scores.Dr.Ilka's study utilized a ________ design.
A) cross-sectional
B) longitudinal
C) time-lag
D) correlational
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________________________ are comprised of siblings' common experiences,such as their parents' personalities and intellectual orientation,the family's socioeconomic status,and the neighborhood in which they live.
A) Active (niche-picking)genotype-environments
B) Evocative genotype-environments
C) Non-shared experiences
D) Shared environment experiences
Answer: D
Q2) Genotype is to phenotype as genes are to
A) the environment.
B) polygenetics.
C) recessiveness.
D) measurable characteristics.
Answer: D
Q3) Albert Bandura rejects one-sided evolutionism in which
A) social behavior is the product of evolved biology.
B) cognitive behavior is the product of evolved humanism.
C) the theory is only applied to animals.
D) social behavior is completely unrelated to evolved biology.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) A recent trend has shown more non-Latino White mothers are having their births at home attended by their ______.
A) mother
B) husband
C) midwife
D) doctor
Answer: C
Q2) A low APGAR scale may be an indicator of future issues with _____ for the child.
A) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
B) Oppositional Defiance Disorder
C) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
D) Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Answer: A
Q3) Kristin just had a baby.The typical approach to childbirth these days is to
A) use as much medication as necessary to take away all pain.
B) use some medication and educate the mother about the process.
C) use no medication at all.
D) avoid education about the process in order to keep the mother calm.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical Development and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Essay: Compare and contrast cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns of growth.
Q2) The timing for the emergence of puberty is A) environmental.
B) completely related to stress.
C) completely related to nutrition.
D) programmed into the genes of every human being.
Q3) A major component of the neuroconstructivist view is that A) both biological and environmental conditions influence brain development. B) the brain has plasticity.
C) brain development is closely linked to a child's cognitive development.
D) All of these.
Q4) Basima is a caring but uneducated mother living in rural Iraq.While watching television she sees images of healthy bottle-fed infants.In an attempt to provide the best nutrition for her 3-month-old son,she quits breast feeding and switches to formula.Unfortunately for Basima,the well water she uses to mix the formula is unsanitary.Given this information,her son will most likely A) die of SIDS.
B) have delayed sensory development.
C) gain unwanted weight.
D) develop marasmus.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the difference between sensation and perception.
Q2) Which one of the following should occur if you are a coach of children's sports?
A) You should yell at the children to get them to perform at the highest capability.
B) You should compare the child to siblings or to more talented children.
C) You should equate sports with work.
D) You should convince the child that he or she is making a good effort.
Q3) Studying whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli is referred to as the visual ________ method.
A) discrimination
B) preference
C) covering
D) cognition
Q4) The main theme of the ________________ approach of Elenore and James J.Gibson is to discover how perception guides action.
A) dynamic systems
B) ecological
C) perception-cognition
D) perception-motor coupling
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of reasoning characterizes the concrete-operational thinker?
A) logical
B) intuitive
C) abstract
D) hypothetical
Q2) What are the limitations of preoperational thought?
A) egocentrism
B) animism
C) Both egocentrism and animism are limitations.
D) None of these.
Q3) Which of the following is a strong statement of Vygotsky's ideas on private speech?
A) Children who use private speech are socially withdrawn.
B) Children who use private speech do so to govern their behavior and guide themselves.
C) Self-talk will never become second nature to children.
D) Inner speech is not a part of a child's thoughts.
Q4) David Elkind believes that adolescent egocentrism can be dissected into two types of social thinking: imaginary audience and personal fable.Explain,through use of examples,the two types of social thinking referred to by Elkind.
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Chapter 7: Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) It appears that the reliability of young Mallory's reports as an eyewitness has as much to do with the _________________________________ as with
A) skills and motivation of the child; the child's memory
B) skills and motivation of the interviewer; the natural limitations of the child's memory
C) memory of the interviewer; and motivation of the child
D) skills and motivation of the child; the child's honesty
Q2) There are three main ways for children to use the information-processing approach to overcome processing limitations,including all of the following,except
A) increasing operations.
B) increasing capacity.
C) developing self-motivation.
D) gaining new knowledge.
Q3) A memory strategy in which a child arranges items into categories is called A) imagery.
B) rehearsal.
C) elaboration.
D) organization.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were informed that the most appropriate test assessing Kim's intelligence was the WAIS-III,you would most accurately conclude that Kim was a(n)
A) preschooler.
B) second grader.
C) eighth grader.
D) adult.
Q2) ___________________ and _____________________ are two extremes of intelligence and creativity.
A) Mental retardation; giftedness
B) Triarchic theory; frames of the mind
C) Mental retardation; frames of the mind
D) Both A and B.
Q3) Recent research has indicated a decline in creative thinking among U.S.schoolchildren.A reason cited for this decrease is
A) increased TV viewing.
B) decreased emphasis on creative thinking.
C) increased video gaming.
D) All of these.
Q4) List the four categories of behavior tested in the theory of Arnold Gesell.
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following illustrates telegraphic speech?
A) "Down"!
B) "Baa-baa-baa-baa."
C) "Daddy work."
D) "I want to go the store now!"
Q2) Language is made up of basic sounds called A) vowels.
B) syllables.
C) phonemes.
D) morphemes.
Q3) Which word is least likely to be the first word uttered by an English-speaking infant?
A) bye
B) dog
C) cry
D) doll
Q4) Identify the primary things learned from the Wild Boy of Aveyron and the Wild Child,Genie.
Q5) Compare and contrast the semantics and pragmatics of language.
Q6) List six symptoms or characteristics involved with Williams syndrome.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The infant who is most likely to display a reflexive smile is
A) sleeping.
B) breastfeeding.
C) hearing familiar music.
D) gazing into his mother's eyes.
Q2) Approximately ___ million children in the United States currently receive formal,licensed child care.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Q3) What technique did Mary Ainsworth develop to measure the infant's attachment to the caregiver?
A) surrogate test
B) Strange Situation
C) stranger anxiety test
D) separation scenario
Q4) Compare and contrast primary and self-conscious emotions in infants.Give four examples of each.
Q5) Identify the two implications of the functionalist view of emotions.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Self and Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe and give one example of social cognition.
Q2) A person's cognitive representation of self is referred to as the individual's A) self-esteem.
B) self-orientation
C) self-recognition.
D) self-understanding.
Q3) George understands that he is a student,a brother,a hockey player,and a baseball player.This representation of his self reflects A) self-esteem.
B) self-awareness.
C) self-recognition.
D) self-understanding.
Q4) The adolescent search for identity is important due to A) their huge number of choices.
B) an increased sense of responsibility.
C) the search for what they will do.
D) All of the above
Q5) List the five forms of self-image with which an adolescent will relate.
Q6) Identity is a self-portrait composed of several areas.Name five of these ten identified areas.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) The identification of the existence of human sex chromosomes,which are called X and Y chromosomes,occurred in the
A) 1920s.
B) 1940s.
C) 1970s.
D) 1990s.
Q2) __________________________ are considered XY and do not have androgen receptors in their cells because of a genetic error.
A) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia females
B) Pelvic-field defect males and females
C) Androgen-insensitive males
D) CAH males
Q3) ___________________________ emphasize that evolutionary adaptations produced psychological sex differences.They argue that women and men faced different evolutionary pressures in primeval environments when the human species was evolving.
A) Developmentalists
B) Evolutionary psychologists
C) Feminists
D) Historians
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Chapter 13: Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why did Carol Gilligan believe that Kohlberg's theory was flawed?
A) because he was a male and he used mostly male subjects and male responses
B) because he relied too much on Piaget's theory
C) because he was too Freudian
D) because he used interview techniques rather than experimental methods
Q2) Your best friend Jessica recently participated in a psychological study.When you ask her how it went,she says,"It was easy.I was just asked what I thought about some Heinz guy who stole drugs for a living." Jessica was in a study of moral development based on the methods of
A) Sandra Bem.
B) Carol Gilligan.
C) Walter Mischel.
D) Lawrence Kohlberg.
Q3) Loretta indicates religion is very important in her life.What country would you expect her to reside in?
A) Japan
B) Sweden
C) Nigeria
D) Mexico
Q4) Compare and contrast forgiveness and gratitude.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who proposed four types of parenting that are associated with different aspects of the child's social behavior?
A) Mary Ainsworth
B) Diana Baumrind
C) Albert Bandura
D) Erik Erikson
Q2) Janet's parents encourage her efforts as a member of the school swim team.They also have set firm rules about acceptable academic performance and responsibility for family chores.When Janet does not meet these expectations,there is extensive discussion and well-understood consequences.What parenting style do Janet's parents appear to be using?
A) indulgent
B) neglectful
C) authoritative
D) authoritarian
Q3) What parenting styles are associated with adolescents' lack of self-control?
A) neglectful and authoritative
B) indulgent and authoritative
C) authoritarian and authoritative
D) neglectful and indulgent
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Chapter 15: Peers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Having children create a play about a social studies topic involves ________ play.
A) constructive
B) pretend
C) practice
D) sensorimotor
Q2) What is the largest and least personal of adolescent groups?
A) clique
B) crowd
C) gang
D) peer group
Q3) Children's friendships serve the function of providing resources and assistance,which Gottman and Parker (1987)call
A) companionship.
B) stimulation.
C) physical support.
D) ego support.
Q4) Explain the differences between the following four peer statuses of children: popular,neglected,rejected,and controversial.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Schools and Achievement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Low academic achievement by American children has prompted many Americans to look for answers in
A) Asia.
B) Africa.
C) Canada.
D) France.
Q2) Which of the following statements is not a good strategy for improving relationships among ethnically diverse students?
A) Turn the class into a jigsaw classroom.
B) Use technology to foster cooperation with students from around the world.
C) Encourage students to have positive personal contact with diverse other students.
D) Decrease the perspective taking and support negative thinking.
Q3) The Montessori approach is a philosophy in which
A) the teacher acts as the director of learning.
B) the teacher decides on the classroom activities.
C) specific time periods are set aside for various activities.
D) children are given considerable freedom.
Q4) Compare and contrast the pros and cons of the "No Child Left Behind" law.
Q5) Describe Project Head Start.
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Chapter 17: Culture and Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cultures is said to be individualistic?
A) India
B) Japan
C) Great Britain
D) Thailand
Q2) In a research study where one group of children watched violent cartoons on television while another group did not,their interactions on the playground were observed.What would you expect from the children who watched more violence?
A) There was no difference between the two groups.
B) The children who did not watch the violent cartoons did not show aggressive behaviors.
C) The children who watched the violent cartoons did not show aggressive behaviors.
D) The children who watched the violent cartoons did show aggressive behaviors.
Q3) A positive outcome of living in a collectivist culture includes
A) connectedness to family and friends.
B) orientation to a larger group.
C) respect and obedience.
D) All of these
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