Psychology of Health and Illness Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the psychological factors that influence physical health, illness, and healthcare practices. Students will examine how behaviors, emotions, cognition, and social environments affect health outcomes and the onset and management of diseases. Topics include stress and coping, patient-practitioner relationships, health behavior change, chronic illness adaptation, and the psychological impact of diagnosis and treatment. Emphasis is placed on applying psychological theories to real-world health issues, understanding the biopsychosocial model, and developing strategies to promote overall well-being and effective illness management.
Recommended Textbook Health Psychology 10th Edition by Taylor
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15 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Franz Alexander developed a profile of the ulcer-prone personality as someone with excessive needs for dependency and love.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following is the primary concern for health psychologists?
A)development of superior quality medication
B)methods to reduce disability
C)rate of mortality in a given population
D)health-related quality of life
Answer: D
Q3) The number of new cases of a disease that exist at some given point in time is called A)plague.
B)mortality.
C)prevalence.
D)incidence.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Systems of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ results from below-normal numbers of red blood cells,and it interferes with the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
A)Peptic ulcer
B)Anemia
C)Lupus
D)Urticaria
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?
A)It serves as a link between the hindbrain and the midbrain and helps control respiration.
B)It is responsible for the regulation of heart rate,blood pressure,and respiration.
C)It assists in the recognition of sensory stimuli and the relay of sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
D)It helps transit thoughts generated in the cerebral cortex and assess their impact on internal organs.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Health Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Julian has decided to lose 15 pounds.He is concerned about the amount of fat he consumes and suspects that his cholesterol levels are high.He has purchased a popular book on low-fat diets,and has decided to go walking thrice a week after he buys a new pair of walking shoes next week.According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change,Julian is in the ________ stage of behavior change.
A)precontemplation
B)contemplation
C)preparation
D)action
Answer: C
Q2) Health habits usually develop in childhood and begin to stabilize around age 20 or 25.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Self talk helps participants to talk themselves through tempting situations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Health-Promoting Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following techniques is used in cognitive-behavioral interventions to modify diet?
A)contingency contracting
B)guided imagery
C)guided participation
D)sensitization
Q2) Interventions to reduce home accidents are typically conducted with parents because
A)they are more knowledgeable about the most common hazards in their home.
B)young children may not be able to learn about safety at home.
C)evaluations have shown that parents lack knowledge required to safeguard their children.
D)they have control over the child's environment.
Q3) When people are under stress,they are more likely to
A)let others monitor their food consumption.
B)pay attention to what they eat.
C)be self-controlled.
D)be distracted.
Q4) Discuss the ways to effectively communicate the importance of sun safety practices to adolescents and young adults.
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Chapter 5: Health-Compromising Behaviors
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Q1) Maxwell is a smoker.He works long hours for a low pay and has a considerable amount of stress at work.He suffers from high cholesterol and blood pressure.The doctor suspects that Maxwell's problems may be related to his smoking habit.This is called the _____ effects of smoking.
A)instantaneous
B)extraneous
C)converse
D)synergistic
Q2) AlcoholEdu® is an on-campus alcohol prevention program used by more than 500 college and university campuses.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The first phase of treatment programs for hard-core alcoholics is A)self-monitoring.
B)relapse prevention.
C)detoxification.
D)rehabilitation.
Q4) Describe the biological,psychological,and sociocultural factors implicated in alcohol abuse.
Q5) Describe the major characteristics of health-compromising behaviors.
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Chapter 6: Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM)and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA)axis are implicated in the physiological response to stress.
Q2) The process of secondary appraisal involves the evaluation of one's
A)current emotional state.
B)perception of the event.
C)personal resources.
D)physical state in the past.
Q3) The correct order of the pathways by which stress affects health is
A)use of health services,psychosocial resources,health behaviors,and physiology.
B)psychosocial resources,health behaviors,physiology,and use of health services.
C)health behaviors,physiology,use of health services,and psychosocial resources.
D)physiology,health behaviors,psychosocial resources,and use of health services.
Q4) Studies of vulnerable populations,for example children,older adults,etc. ,who are exposed to a chronic stressor indicate that they
A)eventually habituate to high levels of the stressor.
B)exhibit little adaptation to chronic stressors.
C)exhibit few cognitive decrements but do show signs of helplessness.
D)eventually learn to change their task strategies and focus to accommodate the noise in their environments.
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Chapter 7: Coping,resilience,and Social Support
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies have found that social support has beneficial effects on the _____ system.
A)lymphatic
B)muscular
C)integumentary
D)endocrine
Q2) It is more beneficial to use emotion-focused coping while dealing with work-related problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A college professor of psychology had his class write a paper about the most traumatic and stressful events in their lives.Although this may have caused immediate psychological distress to the students,the professor was confident that the long-term stress related to these events would eventually reduce.In this case,the professor had most likely conducted a(n)_____ intervention with his class.
A)expressive writing
B)control-enhancing
C)stress inoculation
D)debriefing
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Chapter 8: Using Health Services
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Sample Questions
Q1) The notion that an illness may actually be reinforced because it exempts the individual from daily responsibilities is termed A)schemas.
B)lay referrals.
C)secondary gains.
D)primary gains.
Q2) The frequency of illness and use of health services decline substantially during A)childhood.
B)young adulthood.
C)middle age.
D)old age.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of psychological complaints?
A)They are always accompanied by physical illnesses.
B)They require very short hospital stays.
C)They are characterized by speedy recovery periods.
D)They require multiple visits to therapists.
Q4) People's awareness of their internal physiological state is remarkably accurate. A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly explain the categories of people who use health services.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Patients,providers,and Treatments
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Q1) Which of the following treatments is more likely to be employed during stressful moments to keep the patient quiet and to enable the practitioner to concentrate?
A)aversion therapy
B)nonperson treatment
C)chiropractic medicine
D)polarity therapy
Q2) Patient-centered care involves providing patients with information,involving them in decisions regarding care,and considering psychosocial issues such as social support needs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a provider behavior that erodes communication between a patient and a physician?
A)enthusiasm
B)inattentiveness
C)hyperactivity
D)shared decision making
Q4) What does the setting imply in the nature of patient-provider communication?
Q5) Briefly explain patients' contributions to faulty communication.
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Chapter 10: The Management of Pain and Discomfort
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a reason for chronic pain to get exacerbated?
A)inappropriate prior treatments
B)increased sympathetic arousal
C)appropriate prescription of medications
D)decreased stimulation of nociceptors
Q2) _____ is a sensory technique of inhibiting pain where a set of small electrodes is placed near the point at which the nerve fibers from the painful area enter the spinal cord.When the patient experiences pain,he or she activates a radio signal,which delivers a mild electrical stimulus to that area of the spine.
A)Spinal block
B)Spinal cord stimulation
C)Acupuncture
D)Biofeedback
Q3) _____ is defined as a disorder in which the small arteries in the extremities constrict,limiting blood flow and producing a cold,numb aching.
A)Alzheimer's disease
B)Raynaud's disease
C)Parkinson's disease
D)Hodgkin's disease
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Management of Chronic Health Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Depression exacerbates the course of several chronic disorders,most notably
A)coronary heart disease.
B)Type II diabetes.
C)asthma.
D)hypertension.
Q2) A poor body image increases risk for depression and anxiety.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Emotional disorders associated with chronic health disorders are especially likely among patients who
A)enter into very aggressive medical treatment regimens.
B)are employed and have a high socioeconomic status.
C)have a history of depression or other mental health disorders.
D)are not the members of minority groups.
Q4) Adherence to treatment regimens is
A)significantly higher in patients being treated for acute disorders.
B)significantly lower in patients being treated for acute disorders.
C)unaffected by the side effects of treatment.
D)problematic with people who have chronic health disorders.
Q5) How are patients' beliefs about chronic health disorders related to adjustment?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Psychological Issues in Advancing and Terminal Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Men are more likely to participate in hazardous sports and to use firearms recreationally.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Naomi,diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease,knows that she will die soon.She is now deciding on how to divide up her possessions and how to say goodbye to old friends and family members.According to Kübler-Ross's theory,she is in the _____ stage.
A)denial
B)depression
C)acceptance
D)bargaining
Q3) Death in elderly people is
A)unlikely to be caused by psychosocial factors.
B)unlikely to be caused by degenerative diseases.
C)likely to be caused by general physical decline.
D)likely to be caused by only one biological competitor.
Q4) There has been a great deal of interest in hospice and home care for the terminally ill.What are the advantages of each for patients and care providers? What are the disadvantages?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Heart Disease, hypertension, stroke, and Type Ii
Diabetes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the role of stress management in recovery from myocardial infarction.
Q2) _____ is a symptomless disease.
A)Type II diabetes
B)Stroke
C)Hypertension
D)Coronary heart disease
Q3) People who are high in cynical hostility generally have a high level of social support.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____ are the most common drugs prescribed for patients following an acute coronary event or a stroke,particularly if they have elevated lipids.
A)Statins
B)Diuretics
C)Beta-blockers
D)Vitamins
Q5) Aspirin has been found to significantly reduce the risk for fatal heart attack.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Psychoneuroimmunology and
Immune-Related Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of Type I diabetes?
A)It develops relatively late in life (after age 40).
B)It accounts for 90 percent of all diabetics.
C)It is characterized by an abrupt onset of symptoms.
D)It is primarily managed by reducing the intake of sweets.
Q2) AIDS is caused by a A)bacterial virus.
B)protozoan.
C)retrovirus.
D)bacteria.
Q3) How do psychosocial factors influence the initiation and course of cancer?
Q4) Which of the following statements is true of short-term stressors?
A)They are likely to suppress immune system changes that are involved in wound repair.
B)They trigger up-regulation of specific immunity.
C)They lead to rapid decrease in immune cells.
D)They elicit immune responses that anticipate the entry of infectious agents into the bloodstream.
Q5) Explain how stress is related to immune functioning and how the immune system responds to stress.
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology Challenges for the Future
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of vulnerable population?
A)the rich
B)the insured
C)the elderly
D)men
Q2) Which of the following is a health trend in the United States?
A)The percentage of smokers in the United States has increased from 19.3 percent in 2000 to 23.2 percent in 2010.
B)Most number of Americans died in traffic fatalities in 2011 than in any other year.
C)Life expectancy in the United States reached an all-time high of 78.5 years in 2009.
D)The overall percentage of adults with high cholesterol rose from 13.6 in 2008 to 14.6 in 2010.
Q3) Behavioral immunization programs can be effectively used in health promotion among children.Justify the statement with examples.
Q4) Explain comprehensive intervention models with examples.
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