Psychology of Health and Illness
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Psychology of Health and Illness explores the complex interplay between psychological factors and physical health outcomes. The course examines how behavioral, emotional, and social processes influence the onset, progression, and recovery from illness, as well as the promotion of healthy living. Topics include stress and coping mechanisms, health-related behavior change, the role of personality and emotion in health, patient-provider communication, chronic illness adaptation, and the psychological impact of disease. By integrating theory, research, and real-life case studies, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how psychological principles can be applied to promote wellness and support individuals facing health challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Health Psychology 1st Canadian Edition by Edward P. Sarafino
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15 Chapters
1248 Verified Questions
1248 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: An Overview of Psychology and Health
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88 Verified Questions
88 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A _____ study would NOT be an example of a quasi experimental study.
A)retrospective
B)prospective
C)longitudinal
D)correlational
Answer: D
Q2) One of the goals of health psychology is to have an effect on public policy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) In discussing the illness and health continuum, Antonovsky emphasizes A) illness more than health.
B) a revised focus toward what helps people stay healthy. C)the psychosocial factors that contribute to illness.
D)the role of poverty in health care.
Answer: B
Q4) Review the two primary perspectives of the mind-body problem.How is the debate relevant to a discussion of health and illness?
Answer: not answered
Page 3
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Chapter 2: The Bodys Physical Systems
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a risk factor for hypertension?
A) race
B) gender
C) age
D) all of these are risk factors
Answer: D
Q2) The actual digestive process begins in the A) liver.
B) esophagus with the secretion of certain enzymes.
C) duodenum.
D) mouth.
Answer: D
Q3) Dwarfism and intellectual deficiency are often the result of A) hypothyroidism.
B) high levels of cortisol in the blood.
C) a diseased pancreas.
D) excessive secretion of adrenal hormones.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Stress: Its Meaning, Impact and Sources
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89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using concepts from the text to answer this question, what stress factors might be affecting your performance on this exam?
Answer: not answered
Q2) The Davises are getting a divorce.Which of the following is the best strategy for helping their children cope with the situation?
A) Move to a new area so the children can "start over."
B) Tell the children every detail of the situation no matter how painful to them.
C) Keep the impending divorce from the children for as long as possible.
D) Make sure the children have regular contact with both parents.
Answer: D
Q3) What is one effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine on memory?
A) They impair all types of memory.
B) They enhance memories of neutral events.
C) They interfere with memories of neutral events.
D) They enhance memories of stressors.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Stress, Biopsychosocial Factors, and Illness
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were asked to arrive at a general conclusion regarding the relationship between stress and illness, what would it be? Support your answer with evidence.
Q2) Suppose for a moment that "George" was one of the older adults in the Langer & Rodin (1976) study on nursing homes and was assigned to the Experimental group (i.e., he had a plant he cared for).On the basis of the research Findings, a year and a half later, he was more likely to be _____ than control Condition participants.
A) deceased.
B) a member of the gardening team.
C) alive and healthier than control condition participants.
D) alive but no healthier than control condition participants.
Q3) Medically defined as blood pressure exceeding 140/90.
A)atherosclerosis
B)cardiac arrhythmia
C)migraine
D)essential hypertension
E)leukemia
Q4) Compare and contrast the buffering and direct effects hypotheses.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Coping With and Reducing Stress
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are true regarding beta-blockers? They
A)cause extreme drowsiness and thus are rarely used.
B)are used less frequently than benzodiazepines.
C)block the actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
D)block the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Q2) Which of the following statements about social networks is true?
A) men use their social support networks more effectively.
B) The elderly are likely to have extensive social support networks.
C) The nature of social support networks is not related to social prestige, income or education level.
D) The use of social and helping organizations as support networks is no greater now than it was decades ago.
Q3) Mr. Goodwin is a well?known accountant in town who makes a large salary and is CEO of a large bank. We might expect his social network to contain many non?kin members.
A)True B)False
Q4) Time management techniques are rarely part of a stress management program. A)True B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Health-Related Beahviour and Health Promotion
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86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People's health habits are extremely stable and do not change over time.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The view that health challenges may be perceived as either a threat or opportunity.
A)theory of planned behaviour
B)conflict theory
C)health belief model
D)stages of change model
E)motivated reasoning
Q3) Carol believes it unlikely that she could contract a sexually transmitted disease from her new boyfriend because he's so nice to her.Carol's reliance on irrelevant information in making sexual health decisions is a form of
A)precontemplation.
B)reasoned action.
C)rational thinking.
D)motivated reasoning.
Q4) Discuss the similarities and differences between the Health Belief model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour.
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Chapter 7: Reducing Substance and Abuse
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in alcohol consumption?
A)Men drink more than women only in adolescence.
B)Men drink more than women during adolescence but women drink more during adult life.
C)Men drink more than women throughout the lifespan.
D)Women drink more than men only in adolescence.
Q2) Prevention programs are currently being designed to deal with the use of multiple substances. What are the primary reasons for doing so?
A)initial use of all three substances occurs in adolescence and for similar reasons
B)cost and convenience
C)for convenience reasons only
D)this is how prevention programs have always been delivered
Q3) Since government agencies in Canada began issuing reports in the 1960's that described the health effects of smoking, smoking has steadily decreased.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Improving Nutrition, Weight Control and Diet, Exercise and Safety
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have just been hired to develop a successful weight reduction and exercise program for your company.Outline the basics of your plan.
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding self-reported eating is not true?
A)Underreporting is very common.
B)Women are more inaccurate than men.
C)Obese people report eating more than normal-weight people.
D)Heavy and normal weight people may differ in the accuracy of their reports.
Q3) Recent research with animals has shown that reducing caloric intake by 30%
A)decreases metabolism.
B)slows the aging process.
C)increases longevity.
D)all of the above.
Q4) Glucose and lactose
A)carbohydrates
B)lipids
C)proteins
D)vitamins
E)minerals
Q5) Explain the significance of "Right to Know" laws.
Q6) Discuss the general trends in effective safety intervention programs. Page 10
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Chapter 9: Using Health Services
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of the sheer amount of information physicians should give to patients, more is generally better.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Monique could be described as an internally?focused individual.Which of the following behavioural patterns would she be most likely to demonstrate?
A)Reporting less pain than do other people.
B)Being more accurate in her perception of internal body changes.
C)Overestimating changes in her bodily functions.
D)Reporting faster recovery from illness than do other people.
Q3) Widespread symptom perception among a large group of individuals with no confirmed medical basis for the symptom.
A)lay referral system
B)health belief model
C)commonsense model of illness
D)treatment delay
E)mass psychogenic illness
Q4) Compare and contrast inpatient treatment modalities.
Q5) Compare and contrast the American and Canadian health care systems.
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Chapter 10: In the Hosital: the Setting, Procedures and Effects on
Patients
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on anesthetized patients found that
A)they can remember exactly what is said to them.
B)they recovered more quickly than patients who hadn't had positive suggestions.
C)negative comments are never made during surgery.
D)constructive statements heard under anesthesia have no impact on recovery.
Q2) Describe the roles and responsibilities of three occupational jobs in the hierarchy of an American hospital system.
Q3) Which of the following is not characteristic of ''burnout?"
A)Drug and alcohol abuse.
B)High job satisfaction.
C)High absenteeism.
D)Chronic exposure to high stress.
Q4) Catherine is distressed by her recent diagnosis with breast cancer.According to research, her distress is (at least in part) very likely due to
A)concerns with loss of vigor and physical ability.
B)"good" patient behaviour.
C)concerns with disfigurement.
D)reactance.
Q5) Compare and contrast the "good" patient and "problem" patient roles.
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Chapter 11: The Nature and Symptoms of Pain
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84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jerry suffered from pain following a vasectomy.His wife felt sorry for him and performed many of his chores for him.It is plain that Terry's pain has a secondary gain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following may typically result in referred pain?
A)heart attack
B)toothache
C)inflammation of the diaphragm
D)all of the above
Q3) While under deep hypnosis, people report
A)feeling less pain than when in a waking state.
B)feeling more pain than when in a waking state.
C)no differences in the experience of pain.
D)they are distracted.
Q4) Third?degree burns are often marked by
A)little initial pain
B)nerve ending damage
C)destruction of the epidermis and dermis
D)all of the above
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Chapter 12: Managing and Controlling Clinical Pain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following reflects the clinical caution regarding the use of narcotics for chronic pain?
A)Clinical research needs to be done on a wider variety of chronic pain conditions.
B)The clinical effects of taking narcotics daily are widely known but seldom considered in treatment.
C)Researchers know why low addiction levels occur when such drugs are taken for pain relief but ignore this information.
D)Acupuncture is a far more effective treatment.
Q2) One of the advantages of imagery over distraction is that
A)it is successful with severe pain whereas distraction is not.
B)it requires little involvement or attention.
C)it involves the use of a scene that can be easily carried in one's head.
D)most people are quite adept at imagery.
Q3) Which of the following is true regarding acute pain?
A)It often has no survival value.
B)It responds poorly to treatment.
C)It rarely is influenced by psychosocial factors.
D)It does not hurt as much as chronic pain.
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Chapter 13: Serious and Disabling Chronic Health Illnesses:
Causes, Management, and Coping
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the various forms of rheumatic diseases.
Q2) Which of the following is included in the type of adjustment problems associated with chronic illness?
A)Learning to adjust to changes in one's self-image.
B)Coping with disability or pain.
C)Coping with the loss of enjoyable activities or relationships.
D)all of the above
Q3) Which of the following is a likely trigger of asthma attacks?
A)exercise
B)weather changes
C)psychosocial factors
D)all of the above
Q4) Two subtypes exist which are based on the person's weight.
A)insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
B)non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
C)rheumatoid arthritis
D)asthma
E)gout
Page 16
Q5) Discuss 3 of the 7 coping strategies for dealing with chronic illness.How will each affect adjustment?
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Chapter 14: Heart Disease, Stroke, Cancer, and Aids:
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Sample Questions
Q1) May prolong survival, but is not a cure for HIV/AIDS
A)balloon angioplasty
B)external beam therapy
C)chemotherapy
D)lumpectomy
E)HAART
Q2) Discuss the importance of knowing the warning signs of disease in treatment for these diseases.
Q3) Cancer is the most frequent cause of death in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The brain disorder often associated with AIDS is called A)Kaposi's sarcoma.
B)nephritis.
C)encephalopathy.
D)stroke.
Q5) Compare and contrast the intervention needs for high-mortality illnesses discussed in this chapter with the chronic illnesses discussed in the previous chapter.
Q6) The highest rate of cancer deaths today is from neoplasms in the breast.
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Chapter 15: Whats Ahead for Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Predicts how long a person is likely to live after receiving treatment.
A)cost-benefit ratio
B)ecological momentary assessment
C)bioethics committees
D)stages of change model
E)quality-adjusted life years scale
Q2) The field of health psychology has adequately addressed the complex health issues of sexual minority groups such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) From 1974 to 1985, the number of psychologists working in health care more than doubled.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What differences have or still need to be addressed to increase health psychologists' acceptance in medical settings?
Q5) You are an advisor in a psychology department and have an advisee that wants to know more about health psychology.What can you tell this student?
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