Psychology of Chronic Illness
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
The Psychology of Chronic Illness course explores the psychological impact of living with long-term physical health conditions. It examines how chronic illness affects mental health, emotional well-being, identity, and daily functioning. Students will learn about common psychological responses to diagnosis, adjustment, coping strategies, and the role of social support systems. The course also addresses issues such as stigma, treatment adherence, patient-provider communication, and the interplay between psychological factors and disease progression, providing a comprehensive understanding of holistic care approaches for individuals with chronic illnesses.
Recommended Textbook Health Psychology An Introduction to Behavior and Health 8th Edition by Linda Brannon
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Chapter 1: Introducing Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most experts in health psychology recommend that
A) health psychologists should be physicians first.
B) health psychologists should receive at least two years of postdoctoral training.
C) health psychology should be a separate discipline from generic psychology.
D) the training of health psychologists should be shortened to meet the demands for workers in the field.
Answer: B
Q2) College graduates generally live longer than people who drop out of high school.Which of these conditions is most likely to explain these differences?
A) College graduates are more likely to smoke cigars.
B) High school dropouts are more likely to seek health care.
C) High school dropouts are less likely to use illicit drugs.
D) College graduates are less likely to smoke cigarettes.
Answer: D
Q3) Health is generally defined as an absence of disease.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Conducting Health Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Placebos have been known to help
A) reduce insomnia.
B) decrease low back pain.
C) lower high blood pressure.
D) bowel movements.
Answer: D
Q2) A useful theory should generate,organize,and guide research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Correlational studies are a type of
A) experimental study.
B) double-blind study.
C) ex post facto design.
D) descriptive research.
Answer: D
Q4) Experimental studies yield information about causation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Seeking and Receiving Health Care
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Q1) Patients' _________ with their practitioner can lead to patients following medical advice and continual use of medical services,like obtaining checkups.
A) payment plan
B) satisfaction
C) differences
D) all of the above
Answer: B
Q2) Women and those with higher education are more likely to seek health information from
A) their friends and family.
B) the Internet.
C) newspapers and magazines.
D) television.
Answer: B
Q3) To help people 65 years old and older,the United States Congress established
A) the Health Maintenance Act.
B) Medicaid.
C) Medicare.
D) the Dole/Clinton Act of 2001.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Adhering to Healthy Behavior
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Q1) With regard to gender,which of these statements most clearly agrees with research?
A) Women are more likely than men to comply with dietary recommendations.
B) Women are generally more likely than men to comply with all medical recommendations.
C) Men are more likely to be extremely resistant to taking medication.
D) Women are more likely to be extremely resistant to taking medication
Q2) Rates of non-adherence to medical regimes are around 70%.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The major advantage of the pill cap microprocessor as a means of assessing adherence is its
A) cost effectiveness.
B) ability to count the number of pills removed with each bottle opening.
C) ability to count the number of bottle openings and record the time of day for each opening.
D) nearly perfect validity.
Q4) Women have a higher rate of adherence than men do.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phyllis is 65 years old,lives alone,and has no close friends or relatives.Her condition is best described as
A) social isolation.
B) widowhood.
C) sociopathy.
D) socioeconomic deficiency.
Q2) People who are ________ are more likely to use problem-focused coping and adjust their coping strategies to meet the demands of specific situations.
A) pessimistic
B) optimistic
C) narcissistic
D) healthy
Q3) The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Evaluate the behavioral interventions for managing stress,addressing the types of stress-related problems for which each is successful.
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Chapter 6: Understanding Stress, Immunity, and Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following performs specific immune responses?
A) phagocytosis
B) T-cells and B-cells
C) granulocytes
D) macrophages
Q2) The most solid research evidence suggests that
A) stress can trigger an asthma attack.
B) stress is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
C) stress is the chief cause of depression.
D) stress is unrelated to both depression and anxiety.
Q3) Almost all ulcers are caused by stress.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Stress may relate to disease because people under stress may
A) abuse alcohol.
B) eat unhealthy foods.
C) use illicit drugs.
D) do any or all of these.
Q5) What functions do nonspecific and specific immunity serve,and why are both necessary?
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Chapter 7: Understanding and Managing Pain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Henry Beecher reported that soldiers wounded at the Anzio beachhead during World War II experienced ______ pain.
A) chronic intractable
B) stress-related
C) severe, excruciating
D) very little
Q2) Based on recent research by Yoshino et al.(2010)on mood and pain,if Courtney is feeling happy,she should experience less pain than when she is feeling sad.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the similarities and differences of behavior modification and cognitive therapy as used for pain management? How does cognitive behavior therapy combine these approaches?
Q4) Behavior modification techniques rely most heavily on
A) classical conditioning concepts.
B) operant conditioning principles.
C) observational learning theory.
D) cognitive learning strategies.
Q5) Evaluate the success and hazards of medical interventions for pain.
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Chapter 8: Considering Alternative Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) The movement-based approaches of qi gong and tai chi are dangerous for older people with arthritis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An increasingly common non-secular practice,________ involves a focus of attention and an open attitude.
A) meditation
B) Qi Gong
C) Tai Chi
D) Reiki
Q3) Which of the following have been found to be useful in the treatment of depression?
A) acupuncture
B) yoga
C) Saint John's Wort
D) all of these
Q4) Whether procedures or practices are considered alternative medicine depends solely on cultural context.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Behavioral Factors in Cardiovascular Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is NOT part of the original Type A behavior pattern?
A) a sense of time urgency
B) a job requiring constant decision making
C) hostility
D) a high level of competitiveness
Q2) What behaviors can alter the risk for cardiovascular disease?
Q3) Individuals with few people in their social networks
A) are more than twice as likely to die of coronary artery disease than those with larger social networks.
B) are about half as likely to die of coronary artery disease as those with larger social networks.
C) are at higher risk for heart disease if they are married.
D) are not at elevated risk for heart disease unless they also score high on loneliness.
Q4) Reducing hypertension is difficult because
A) hypertension has no visible symptoms.
B) no drugs have yet proven effective in lowering blood pressure.
C) most cardiologists do not consider hypertension as a risk factor for heart disease.
D) high cholesterol is a powerful side-effect of reductions in blood pressure.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Behavioral Factors in Cancer
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Q1) Elsa has recently experienced fatigue,weight change,hair loss,nausea,loss of sexual interest,sleep problems,and loss of appetite after her treatment for cancer.These symptoms are most likely to follow
A) chemotherapy.
B) surgery.
C) hormonal treatment.
D) immunotherapy.
Q2) Thus far,research evidence suggests that psychological interventions _________.
A) prolong the life of those with cancer
B) improve short term emotional support
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
Q3) Since about 1993,cancer death rates in the United States have
A) increased for men, but decreased for women.
B) decreased slightly.
C) increased sharply for women, but remained about the same for men.
D) increased sharply for both men and women.
Q4) Compare the cancer risks for smoking,diet,alcohol consumption,exercise,sun tanning,and sexual behavior.
Q5) Evaluate the role of eating and drinking in the development of cancer.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Living With Chronic Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare the processes involved with adjusting to chronic illness and facing death.
Q2) AIDS is one of the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Insulin is
A) a neurotransmitter.
B) a hormone.
C) an endogenous opioid.
D) an exogenous opioid.
Q4) Children who grew up exposed to more bacteria and fungi than other children are
A) less likely to have asthma
B) more likely to have asthma
C) more likely to have asthma, but then outgrow it.
D) more likely to get asthma when young than old.
Q5) In the United States,prevalence of HIV is increasing while incidence is decreasing.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 12: Smoking Tobacco
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Sample Questions
Q1) As many as two thirds of individuals who try to quit smoking on their own relapse after _______.
A) two days
B) one week
C) three months
D) six months
Q2) Which of these is NOT a frequent result of cigarette smoking?
A) periodontal disease
B) poorer balance
C) attractive physical appearance
D) ovarian cysts
Q3) Genes have been identified that affect smoking behavior,mostly through the effect of genes on neurotransmitters in the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most people who successfully quit smoking cigarettes do so
A) on their own.
B) through the use of hypnosis.
C) by switching to cigars or pipes.
D) by joining Smokers Anonymous.
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Chapter 13: Using Alcohol and Other Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The alcohol dependency syndrome
A) considers alcoholism as a medical disease.
B) assumes that alcoholics lose complete control of their drinking.
C) views alcoholism as an inherited disease.
D) assumes that different people have different patterns of drinking.
Q2) All drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier
A) change the brain's chemistry.
B) have side effects.
C) alter perception.
D) all of these.
Q3) Increasing one's tolerance to alcohol is a desirable process for most people. A)True
B)False
Q4) Motivational interviewing is a psychotherapy technique used for treating problem drinking,and this technique has the advantage of A) having a 90% improvement rate for problem drinking.
B) being more effective in group settings than when administered individually.
C) being a brief intervention that requires few sessions.
D) all of these.
Q5) What are the hazards of alcohol? What are the benefits?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Eating and Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ levels fall when fat stores fall,which may provide a long-term signal to eat more.
A) Leptin
B) Ghrelin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Ventromedial
Q2) Studies from the United States and Europe show that people begin to have a slight risk for all-cause mortality after their body mass index reaches ____ or higher.
A) 20
B) 24
C) 28
D) 32
Q3) Both low-carbohydrate diets and low-fat diets share one drawback:
A) neither produces weight loss.
B) both are unhealthy.
C) both produce high dropout rates.
D) all of these.
Q4) Evaluate the adequacy of the setpoint model and the positive incentive model to explain obesity.
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Chapter 15: Exercising
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the relationship between exercise and depression in clinical patients?
A) Isometric exercise decreases depression; aerobic exercise increases depression.
B) Endorphins released during exercise cause depression to increase.
C) Aerobic exercise is associated with a decrease in depression.
D) Group psychotherapy is superior to exercise for treating mild depression.
Q2) With regard to diet,exercise,and weight loss,which statement is true?
A) Exercise alone can produce weight loss.
B) Dieters lose weight, but they also retain lean muscle tissue.
C) Exercisers lose weight, but they lose mostly lean muscle tissue.
D) Both a and b are true.
Q3) Evidence is clearest that physical activity protects against _____ cancer in both men and women.
A) colon
B) lung
C) stomach
D) skin
Q4) What is the role of exercise in weight control?
Q5) What are some methods to improve adherence to physical activity?
Q6) What are the psychological benefits of exercise?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Future Challenges
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Sample Questions
Q1) Health psychologists can help the health care system by
A) improving people's understanding of genetic risk information
B) understand people's emotional responses to genetic testing
C) encourage people to maintain a healthy lifestyle
D) all of the above
Q2) Deaths among college students are traceable to
A) high cholesterol levels that produce heart disease.
B) high smoking rates that cause cancer.
C) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries.
D) suicide.
Q3) Which of these contributes MOST to health care costs in the United States?
A) AIDS
B) childhood illnesses
C) illnesses among old people
D) infectious illnesses
Q4) Health research that provides guidelines for a healthy lifestyle comes from A) the Alameda County Study.
B) TV news reports.
C) the HART trials.
D) the Cunningham study.
Page 18
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