Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence explores the cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development of individuals from infancy through late adolescence. The course examines major theories and research findings related to developmental milestones, familial and peer influences, identity formation, moral reasoning, and the impact of culture and environment. Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors that shape behavior and mental health during these formative years, as well as the implications for education, parenting, and intervention strategies.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology 3rd Edition by Robert Weis
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16 Chapters
1265 Verified Questions
1265 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science and Practice of Abnormal Child Psychology
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on the best available data,20% of youth in the United States currently suffer from a mental or behavioral disorder.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following is true of comorbidity?
A) It is rare.
B) It refers to the experience of having one disorder, recovering, and then having a different disorder.
C) It is especially common in individuals with depression.
D) It is much more common in children than in adolescence.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is the primary task of infancy,according to Erik Erikson?
A) to develop the strength and dexterity to walk and babble
B) to develop emotional connections with people and objects
C) to establish a sense of trust in a responsive and nurturing caregiver
D) to distinguish among different entities in the environment
Answer: C
Q4) Define the concept of "resilience."
Answer: Avoiding negative outcomes even in the presence of risk factors
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Chapter 2: The Causes of Childhood Disorders: A Levels of Analysis Approach
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what way is an adoption study different than a family study?
A) Adoption studies better dissociate genetic and environmental effects.
B) Adoption studies better investigate the changes in behavior over time.
C) Adoption studies tend to have a broader number of potential participants.
D) Adoption studies are more representative of the general population than family studies are.
Answer: A
Q2) What are executive functions and why are they called this?
Answer: Executive functions are things like planning,organizing,and prioritizing activity to meet long-term goals.The executive areas of the brain direct our attention and activities to achieve long-term goals,similar to how an executive of a company makes decisions,allocates resources,and delegates.
Q3) The main idea of the gene-environment correlation model is ______.
A) we sometimes select environments that complement our genotypes
B) gene linkages mean some family environments are more similar than others
C) when stressful life circumstances occur, we see the effects of our genes more than in nonstressful circumstances
D) genes and environment are independent
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Assessment and Diagnosis
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which rating scale would be the most targeted assessment for ADHD?
A) ASRS
B) Conners 3
C) Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale
D) ASEBA
Answer: B
Q2) Intelligence ______.
A) is innate
B) involves both abstract thinking and knowledge
C) has been defined in the same ways for over 200 years
D) cannot be reliably measured in children
Answer: B
Q3) Diagnosis can be useful because it helps clinicians describe the child's condition simply.This is known as ______.
A) clinical communication
B) parsimony
C) prediction
D) testimony
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Treating Children, Adolescents, and Families
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Therapists are more likely to break confidentiality as the risk of harm increases.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of clinician would help children recover and improve the skills needed for play,education,and daily living through the use of everyday activities and exercises?
A) child-life expert
B) social worker
C) psychiatric-mental health nurse
D) occupational therapist
Q3) What is an enmeshed family?
Q4) Which is true of drug testing in children?
A) No medications have been approved by the FDA for use in children.
B) All medicines prescribed to children are approved for use in children.
C) Some medications are prescribed to children "off label," meaning without FDA approval.
D) Less research on medications is being conducted in children now than in the past due to liability issues.
Q5) Why might it be the case that behavior therapy,overall,works best for children?
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Chapter 5: Intellectual Disability and Developmental
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79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Expectant mothers are advised to avoid cleaning cats' litter boxes while pregnant to prevent which condition?
A) toxoplasma
B) rubella
C) cytomegalovirus
D) Zika virus disease
Q2) How have the relative strengths of those with Down syndrome been capitalized on in teaching them to read?
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of adaptive functioning?
A) conceptual
B) social
C) academic
D) practical
Q4) Those with cultural-familial intellectual disability (ID)are believed to have developed ID due to genetic predisposition toward the condition in combination with their environment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In what ways can challenging behavior adversely affect children?
Q6) Provide an example of universal design in the classroom.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Autism Spectrum Disorder
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sleep difficulties are more common in youths with ASD than in typically developing youths.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence discussed in the text for the role of the amygdala in ASD?
A) Increasing activity to the amygdala, through electroconvulsive therapy, produces increased sociability in individuals with ASD.
B) People with ASD showed reduced amygdala activity as they attempted to infer the mental states of others.
C) People with ASD often show reduced amygdala volume relative to healthy controls.
D) Humans with damage to the amygdala often display deficits in social understanding that resemble those of high-functioning individuals with ASD.
Q3) The prevalence of youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder has increased dramatically over the past 30 years.Give two hypotheses for this increased prevalence.
Q4) Describe some of the evidence for the heritability of ASD.
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Chapter 7: Communication and Learning Disorders
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the five sound problems common in kids with speech sound disorder?
A) sound reversal
B) lisp
C) sound omission
D) sound distortion
Q2) Children who seem to talk at others rather than talk with others and seem to have a limited awareness for others' feelings have symptoms most consistent with which of the following disorders?
A) social (pragmatic) communication disorder
B) speech sound disorder
C) language disorder
D) childhood-onset fluency disorder
Q3) Based on the double-deficit model,if you knew that a child could read words accurately but her reading was slow and laborious,what other deficit might you expect?
A) poor reading comprehension
B) deficits in phonological processing
C) deficits in phonetic mediation
D) poor narratives
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sluggish cognitive tempo is seen primarily in children with ______.
A) a combined presentation of ADHD
B) an inattentive presentation of ADHD who have a moderate (but still subthreshold) number of hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
C) an inattentive presentation of ADHD with no hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
D) a hyperactive-impulsive presentation of ADHD
Q2) Which of the following is true of the prevalence of ADHD?
A) It is approximately equal in children and adults.
B) Rates of disorder are approximately equal in every world region studied.
C) Caregiver reports provide the lowest estimated prevalence rate.
D) The largest increase in ADHD diagnoses in the United States has been in African American children and those of low socioeconomic status.
Q3) What are the benefits and drawbacks of adding behavioral therapy to a medication regimen for kids with ADHD?
Q4) Most individuals with ADHD receive the recommended first-line treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the evidence that sluggish cognitive tempo is a distinct disorder from ADHD.
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Chapter 9: Conduct Problems in Children and Adolescents
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a part of the "with limited prosocial emotions" specifier for CD?
A) limited social support seeking
B) lack of remorse or guilt
C) lack of concern about performance
D) shallow or deficient affect
Q2) The text describes a number of reasons girls might engage in relational aggression to a greater degree than boys do.Which of the following is NOT one of them?
A) Girls view relational aggression as more deniable than other types of aggression. B) Girls are socialized differently and are discouraged from displaying anger through physical aggression.
C) Girls may find relational aggression to be more effective than physical aggression. D) Girls' comparatively advanced language skills make relational aggression possible at younger ages for them than for boys.
Q3) What finding related to the development of conduct problems provides support for the diathesis-stress model?
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11
Chapter 10: Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is considered a success for motivational enhancement therapy?
A) complete abstinence from substance use
B) a change in attitude toward substances, even if it doesn't result in a change in behavior
C) a reduction in problematic substance use that decreases risk or harm
D) an increase in prosocial relationships
Q2) Relpase is uncommon in those who have undergone cognitive behavioral therapy. A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a cognitive factor related to likelihood of relapse among adolescents?
A) exposure to substance-using peers
B) encouragement to engage in substance use
C) desire to enhance mood
D) not regarding substance use as problematic
Q4) Some researchers believe that the DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder are developmentally insensitive.What does this mean,and do you agree?
Q5) What is the relationship between binge drinking and perceived risk associated with bingeing? Why do you think such a relationship exists?
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Chapter 11: Anxiety Disorders and Obsessivecompulsive Disorder
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melanie is always picking at blemishes on her face.Despite her mothers' warnings,she doesn't really want to stop,though it leaves her with red scabs all over.Does this constitute excoriation disorder? Why or why not?
Q2) Felicia is always plucking out the hair in her eyebrows; she does this without paying attention and sometimes looks up and an entire eyebrow is gone.She feels that she cannot control this habit and it is very distressing to her.Felicia is exhibiting symptoms consistent with which of the following?
A) normal behavior
B) trichotillomania with focused hair pulling
C) trichotillomania with automatic hair pulling
D) excoriation
Q3) A panic attack includes which of the following?
A) cognitive symptoms, such as feelings of unreality or detachment
B) emotional systems, such as thoughts of losing control
C) somatic symptoms, such as the desire to flee a situation
D) intense autonomic arousal
Q4) All children have an attachment style.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Trauma-Related Disorders and Child
Maltreatment
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT among the reasons PTSD merits treatment?
A) Many youths who no longer meet full diagnostic criteria for PTSD still show subthreshold symptoms.
B) Individuals who no longer meet full diagnostic criteria for PTSD may spread it through their social networks; thus treatment for an individual with the potential to develop PTSD may provide additional benefit to those around him or her.
C) Early treatment might prevent PTSD or facilitate recovery if it's already developed.
D) Depression and suicidal ideation are sometimes comorbid with PTSD.
Q2) How does a supportive therapeutic relationship help children who have been maltreated change their conceptions about the world and their place in it?
Q3) Can escape-avoidance coping ever be seen as an adaptive coping strategy?
Q4) What is the purpose of a trauma narrative?
A) to ensure the child does not blame himself or herself for abuse
B) to serve as a variation of exposure therapy
C) to improve the child's self-efficacy
D) to ensure that writing skills are in tact
Q5) In what ways is attachment universal? In what ways is it not?
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Chapter 13: Depressive Disorders and Suicide
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the effectiveness of CBT for treating childhood depression?
A) It is no more effective than placebo.
B) It is more effective than any other kind of psychotherapy.
C) It is as effective as several other kinds of psychotherapy, particularly in the long term.
D) It is less effective than several other kinds of psychotherapy in the short term, but more effective in the long term.
Q2) What is the recommended role of medication in treating DMDD?
A) Lithium is the first-line medicinal treatment.
B) Antipsychotics are the first-line medicinal treatment, but these are only effective in those with comorbid ADHD.
C) Stimulant medication is the first-line medicinal treatment, but only in those with no comorbidities.
D) Antidepressants are recommended for some youths with DMDD.
Q3) Automatic cognitions about threat and personal vulnerability are most common in depressed youths.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Pediatric Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia
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79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because conventional antipsychotics bind to D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway,they are most effective at ______.
A) increasing motivation
B) restoring appropriate emotional expression
C) reducing hallucinations
D) eliminating all symptoms of schizophrenia
Q2) Providing low doses of antipsychotic medication to youths at risk for schizophrenia who had not yet shown psychotic symptoms made it significantly less likely for them to develop psychotic symptoms-however,many patients were unable or unwilling to adhere to the prescribed medication for a full 12 months.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research has indicated that providing low doses of antipsychotics and other measures to youths at greater risk of schizophrenia can reduce the emergence of the disorder.Are there any downsides to this approach?
Q4) Bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder cannot be comorbid.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia.
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Chapter 15: Feeding and Eating Disorders
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dual pathway model predicts all EXCEPT which of the following?
A) A culture without a socially sanctioned thin ideal would have no eating disorders.
B) Praising girls for being overweight instead of for being thin would reduce restrictive eating.
C) It is failure to reach a socially constructed beauty ideal that drives eating disordered behavior.
D) Teasing overweight individuals would likely help them to lose weight sustainably.
Q2) Which of the following treatments is most likely to be effective for those with BED?
A) medication
B) CBT or interpersonal therapy
C) behavioral weight loss treatments
D) relaxation training
Q3) Millie is a parent whose child has avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder.After the therapist explains the primary treatment of contingency management to her,she is concerned.She says,"That just seems cruel." How might you address Millie's concerns?
Q4) Describe how role disputes could contribute to the emergence of bulimia nervosa.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Health-Related Disorders and Pediatric Psychology
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Camps for children with asthma,cancer,diabetes,and gastrointestinal problems have not reliably been shown to have positive results.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research has confirmed that many children with monosymptomatic primary enuresis (MPE)have problems with arousal from sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which simple intervention resulted in less time falling asleep,fewer and shorter night wakings,and better morning moods of children and improved mood and energy levels in mothers?
A) swaddling babies
B) rocking babies all the way to sleep
C) using a bedtime routine to put children to bed at a consistent time each night
D) using a transitional object such as a teddy bear in the crib
Q4) How might parental characteristics contribute to sleep problems in their children?
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