Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the psychological development of children and adolescents, focusing on the major theories, research findings, and practical applications in the field. Key topics include cognitive, social, and emotional development; the impact of family, peers, and culture; and issues such as identity formation, moral development, and mental health. Students will analyze developmental milestones, understand typical and atypical pathways, and examine how biological and environmental factors shape growth from infancy through adolescence. The course also considers contemporary challenges facing young people and strategies for supporting healthy development.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology 3rd Edition by Robert Weis
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16 Chapters
1265 Verified Questions
1265 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Science and Practice of Abnormal Child Psychology
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As discussed in your text,which of the following is NOT one of the primary factors considered by clinicians who adopt an evidence-based approach in their practice?
A) scientific research-What methods of assessment and forms of treatment work best for a child with this disorder, according to the research literature?
B) clinical expertise-What is the best way for me to assess and treat this child according to my own professional judgment and experience?
C) historical perspective- What were past approaches to treating this problem and how do they apply to this case?
D) patient characteristics- In what ways do the child's age, gender, or sociocultural background or the family's beliefs and preferences about therapy affect the treatment provided?
Answer: C
Q2) Incidence rates cannot exceed prevalence rates for a given disorder.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: The Causes of Childhood Disorders: A Levels of Analysis Approach
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attachment style is fixed and cannot change from infancy to childhood. A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) When do intimate relationships first develop?
A) 2-4 years
B) 4-6 years
C) 6-9 years
D) 9-12 years
Answer: C
Q3) One primary weakness of adoption studies is that the population of biological parents who place their children for adoption and the population of adoptive parents differ substantially from each other and from the general population.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The relationship between brain maturation and behavior is bidirectional. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Assessment and Diagnosis
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A psychologist is developing a new test of reasoning.He notices that while individuals tend to score the same across multiple administrations of the test,there are particular test items that seem to give everyone trouble,irrespective of how well they score on the test overall.It seems that all the items that give individuals trouble use particularly advanced vocabulary words.Which of the following is NOT true?
A) This test has low test-retest reliability.
B) The items on the test that everyone scores poorly on are not valid measures of the construct of reasoning.
C) The test does not have particularly strong internal consistency.
D) Removing the items that don't seem to contribute to the overall score would likely improve the test.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following does the mental status exam NOT assess?
A) muscle tone
B) appearance and actions
C) emotion
D) cognition
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Treating Children, Adolescents, and Families
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70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the difference between ethics and morality? Can something ever be ethical and immoral,or moral and unethical?
Q2) Tricyclic antidepressants,particularly atypical ones,have been shown to be effective and safe in youth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A therapist who asks her client,"What's the evidence that your teacher thought you were stupid?" is likely engaging in ______.
A) behavior therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) interpersonal therapy
D) psychodynamic therapy
Q4) The dodo verdict refers to the fact that all forms of adult psychotherapy have been found to be roughly equally effective,overall.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why is it important to weight effect sizes by the number of participants in each study?
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Chapter 5: Intellectual Disability and Developmental
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79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what ways might the characteristics of Williams syndrome (WS)predispose those with the condition toward anxiety problems?
Q2) Which of the following is true of conditions that cause intellectual disability (ID)?
A) Over 500 unique causes of ID that have been identified.
B) Genetic mutation is a category of causes that result in ID.
C) Known conditions explain nearly 100% of cases of ID.
D) Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality that can cause ID.
Q3) Cultural-familial intellectual disability (ID)results from which of the following?
A) genes
B) the environment
C) the interaction of genes and the environment
D) the interaction of multiple environments (within the home and outside the home)
Q4) Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of adaptive functioning?
A) conceptual
B) social
C) academic
D) practical
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Chapter 6: Autism Spectrum Disorder
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a specifier for the functioning of children with ASD in the DSM-5?
A) age at which the disturbance first appeared
B) medical condition or genetic disorder underlying the condition
C) severity of each class of symptoms
D) existence of language impairment
Q2) Joint attention symbolic play engagement and regulation (JASPER)relies on what approach?
A) cognitive behavioral therapy
B) scaffolding
C) discrete trial training
D) reciprocal imitation training (RIT)
Q3) What is the goal of the TEACCH method?
A) to allow children with ASD to become more self-sufficient in the wider world-for instance, when shopping or working
B) to minimize the disruptive behaviors of children with ASD in the home
C) to help children with ASD fit comfortably and effectively in the classroom
D) to provide training to teachers so they better understand the relative strengths and weaknesses of individuals with ASD
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Chapter 7: Communication and Learning Disorders
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to psycholinguistic theory,most stuttering results from problems during ______.
A) conceptualization
B) formulation
C) articulation
D) cooperation
Q2) Boys are more likely than girls to be classified with a learning disability and receive special education services,but,community-based studies that involve screening all children for learning disabilities show few gender differences.Discuss at least one reason why this might be.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence discussed in the text for the genetic influence of language disorder?
A) Specific genes on the 7th chromosome have been linked to language disorder.
B) The prevalence of language disorder increases more than five times for kids who have at least one family member with the disorder.
C) Siblings of those with language disorder, even when not diagnosed, often show subtle difficulties with phonemic awareness and grammar.
D) Heritability estimates range from 0.5 to 0.75.
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Chapter 8: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Molly has ADHD.Her therapist has just started working with Molly's mom.Which of the following is most likely?
A) The therapist is likely teaching Molly's mom how to discourage undesirable behaviors.
B) The therapist is likely teaching Molly's mom to administer consistent discipline.
C) The therapist is likely teaching Molly's mom to use a token economy.
D) The therapist is likely teaching Molly's mom to reinforce Molly's positive behaviors and obedience.
Q2) The most common presentation of ADHD in clinical populations is ______.
A) hyperactive-impulsive
B) hyperactive
C) inattentive
D) combined
Q3) Girls are more likely than boys to ______.
A) be diagnosed with ADHD, but only in community samples
B) be diagnosed with ADHD, but only in clinic samples
C) be diagnosed with predominantly inattentive presentation
D) have comorbid ADHD and substance use problems
Q4) What is the evidence that the dopamine system is involved in ADHD?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Conduct Problems in Children and Adolescents
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76 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Combining PSST and PMT ______.
A) seemed to produce a cancelling effect, with behavior no better than control children
B) did not provide any additional benefit to PSST alone
C) did not provide any additional benefit to PMT alone
D) produced better outcomes than either treatment alone
Q2) Jaiden has been diagnosed with CD.Not only was he engaging in acts of physical aggression,setting fires (among other things)and lying,he also didn't seem to feel sorry for any of these acts but did regret getting caught.Which of the following is true of Jaiden?
A) He should be diagnosed with conduct disorder with limited prosocial emotions.
B) He most likely had adolescent-onset CD.
C) He is experiencing a lack of remorse or guilt.
D) He is experiencing callousness or lack of empathy.
Q3) Maverick's mom says,"You can watch TV,but first you have to put away your toys." This is an example of ______.
A) negative reinforcement
B) parent -child interaction training
C) token economy
D) Premack's principle
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a component of the CRAFFT assessment for substance use disorder in adolescents?
A) Have you ever CONVINCED yourself that you need alcohol or drugs to get through the day?
B) Do you ever use alcohol or drugs while you are ALONE?
C) Do you ever FORGET things you did while using alcohol or drugs?
D) Have you ever gotten into TROUBLE while you were using alcohol or drugs?
Q2) The genetic component of substance use disorder is ______.
A) almost completely deterministic
B) more pronounced for alcohol use disorder than for other substance use disorders
C) most pronounced for cannabis use disorder
D) predictive of the chronicity of substance use disorder
Q3) Several studies have found a relationship between adolescent cannabis use and psychotic symptoms.What evidence is there that adolescents beginning to develop psychosis weren't self-medicating with cannabis-that is,that the psychosis didn't cause cannabis use?
Q4) Some researchers believe that the DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder are developmentally insensitive.What does this mean,and do you agree?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Anxiety Disorders and Obsessivecompulsive Disorder
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In obsessive-compulsive disorder,how can obsessions occur without compulsions? How can compulsions occur without obsessions?
Q2) A primary theory of the persistence of worry,the cognitive avoidance theory,indicates that worry is which of the following?
A) positively reinforcing
B) negatively reinforcing C) positively punishing
D) negatively punishing
Q3) Mila is afraid of germs.In order to treat Mila,her therapist has her rub her hands in dirt and then she must sit there for 10 minutes without washing it off or using hand sanitizer.At the end of the 10 minutes,her therapist gives Mila lots of praise for tolerating her feared situation.Which of the following is true?
A) This is an example of classical conditioning.
B) Washing her hands would be negatively reinforcing.
C) The praise is positive reinforcement.
D) This is an example of modeling.
Q4) Under what circumstances might a medication be prescribed to treat an anxiety disorder in children?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Trauma-Related Disorders and Child
Maltreatment
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A therapist is working with a parent who has engaged in child maltreatment.The parent says,"He is always sassing me and needs to learn better." The therapist helps the parent see that 100% compliance is not a realistic goal and asks her to provide evidence both for and against her distorted belief that he is "always sassing." This therapist is most likely using which technique?
A) parent-child interaction therapy
B) group therapy
C) cognitive-behavioral family therapy
D) eye-movement desensitization training
Q2) Children with DSED usually do not have difficulty forming an attachment with a primary caregiver once one provides consistent and sensitive care.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Children cannot be diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder if they have had appropriate care.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In what ways is attachment universal? In what ways is it not?
Q5) Why are there different PTSD criteria for preschoolers than for adults?
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Chapter 13: Depressive Disorders and Suicide
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the evidence for the monoamine hypothesis?
Q2) Research has indicated which of the following with respect to the role of stressful life events in the development of depression?
A) Stressful life events, particularly during puberty, account for almost all of the variance in adolescent depressive symptoms.
B) Stressful life events are most impactful in the development of depression when they occur in childhood.
C) Stressful life events are most impactful in the onset of the initial depressive episode.
D) The relationship between stressful life events and depression is that stressful life events predict depression but there is no influence in the other direction.
Q3) Billie is assessed for suicide and determined to be at acute high risk.Which of the following is likely true of Billie?
A) She will likely be sent home and her parents can protect her there.
B) She must not have reported an active plan to commit suicide.
C) She likely has thoughts of death but no current intent to die.
D) She is likely to be hospitalized until her risk decreases.
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Chapter 14: Pediatric Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marcus sometimes sees shadows that are not really there.Would this be considered a visual hallucination?
A) Yes.
B) No, because it is not a fully formed shape.
C) No, because it doesn't happen all the time.
D) No, because light and shadow are specifically excluded from the diagnostic criteria for the disorder.
Q2) Which of the following are the most commonly prescribed medications for youths with bipolar disorders?
A) antidepressants
B) mood stabilizers
C) anticonvulsants
D) atypical antipsychotics
Q3) Most adults with bipolar disorders report that their symptoms began in childhood or adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the evidence that genetics does not entirely account for schizophrenia?
Q5) Explain the neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia.
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Chapter 15: Feeding and Eating Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Teasing about their body shape and weight by fathers is associated with ______; such teasing by mothers is associated with ______.
A) anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa; anorexia nervosa
C) bulimia nervosa; depression
D) depression; bulimia nervosa
Q2) If a person binges,he or she cannot be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe how role disputes could contribute to the emergence of bulimia nervosa.
Q4) Individuals must purge in order to be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A group of clinicians is creating a new eating disorders prevention program.They are targeting the program toward white adolescents under the assumption that other ethnic groups are relatively protected from eating disorders.Why might they have this assumption and how accurate is it?
Q6) Describe the relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders.
Q7) It what ways might bingeing be reinforced?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Health-Related Disorders and Pediatric Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Almost all children have nightmares; therefore,almost all children can be diagnosed with nightmare disorder at one time or another.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why do so many adolescents experience a phase delay in their circadian rhythm?
A) because they are less attuned to dawn and sunset than those of other ages B) because their activity tends to be greater at night than during the day
C) because puberty brings a delay in cortisol and melatonin secretion
D) because their amygdala is finally becoming fully formed
Q3) Your text discusses three possible explanations for the high comorbidity between ADHD and insomnia: (1)problematic behavioral inhibition which underlies ADHD also interferes with self-soothing,(2)stimulant medication interferes with sleep,and (3)stimulant medication wears off in the evenings making hyperactivity or impulsivity emerge.Can you think of any other possible explanations for the relationship between these conditions?
Q4) Why is a polysomnogram considered the "gold standard" for assessing sleep,compared to other methods?
Q5) How might parental characteristics contribute to sleep problems in their children?
Page 18
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