Psychology of Brain and Behavior
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
The Psychology of Brain and Behavior explores the intricate relationship between neural processes and human actions, thoughts, and emotions. This course delves into the structure and function of the nervous system, examining how brain activity influences perception, learning, memory, motivation, and mental disorders. By integrating biological, psychological, and behavioral perspectives, students will develop an understanding of how complex brain functions underpin everyday behavior and how disruptions in neural processes can result in psychological changes. Through case studies, current research, and hands-on activities, the course provides a foundational overview of the biological bases of behavior and their implications for both normal and abnormal human functioning.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Biological Psychology 2nd Edition by Laura Freberg
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Chapter 1: Introducing Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of microscopic structures and tissues is known as A) histology.
B) phrenology.
C) staining.
D) imaging.
Answer: A
Q2) Particular proteins in cells can be identified using
A) the Golgi silver stain.
B) the Nissl stain.
C) horseradish peroxidase stain.
D) antibodies.
Answer: D
Q3) Trepanation is a(an)
A) ancient practice of drilling holes in a person's skull.
B) type of mummification.
C) postmortem ritual.
D) technique involving the analysis of the bumps on the skull.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following structures does not contain any parts of the reticular formation?
A) the midbrain
B) the diencephalon
C) the medulla
D) the hindbrain
Answer: B
Q2) The subthalamic nucleus is part of the
A) diencephalon.
B) reticular formation.
C) basal ganglia.
D) limbic system.
Answer: C
Q3) The medulla contains nuclei responsible for which of the following functions?
A) balance and motor coordination
B) heart rate and respiration
C) visual reflexes
D) auditory reflexes
Answer: B
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cells of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ion channels are located _________ of myelinated axons.
A) along the entire length
B) only at the axon hillock and nodes of Ranvier
C) only at the axon terminals
D) only at the axon hillock
Answer: B
Q2) Electrical synapses are found in
A) plants and invertebrates,but not vertebrates.
B) plants,invertebrates,and some vertebrates,not including mammals.
C) mammals only.
D) plants and all animals.
Answer: D
Q3) Pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex are examples of A) unipolar neurons.
B) bipolar neurons.
C) multipolar neurons.
D) Purkinje cells.
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which major types of behavior are most directly affected by changes in serotonin activity?
Q2) Excess amounts of which of the following neurotransmitters can be toxic to neurons?
A) glutamate
B) GABA
C) dopamine
D) serotonin
Q3) Viagra and other erectile dysfunction medications usually act by enhancing the activity of
A) substance P.
B) oxytocin.
C) nitric oxide (NO).
D) CCK.
Q4) Adenosine often acts to _________ of other neurotransmitters.
A) stimulate the release
B) inhibit the release
C) inhibit the reuptake
D) enhance the reuptake
Q5) How does cocaine produce its behavioral effects?
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Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual's set of genetic instructions is known as the individual's A) genome.
B) genotype.
C) phenotype.
D) chromosome.
Q2) Progenitor cells that divide to produce another progenitor cell and a migrating cell divide _________________ along a cleavage line that is ________________to the surface of the ventricular zone.
A) symmetrically;perpendicular
B) symmetrically;parallel
C) asymmetrically;perpendicular D) asymmetrically;parallel
Q3) Experience strengthens existing synapses when
A) pre- and postsynaptic neurons are simultaneously active.
B) activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons are not synchronized.
C) activity in the postsynaptic neuron precedes activity in the presynaptic neuron.
D) the pre- and post-synaptic neurons use the same neurotransmitter.
Q4) Describe the process of differentiation of ectodermal cells into skin and neural tissue.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements correctly summarizes the relationship between colorblindness and sex?
A) No type of colorblindness is related to the sex of the individual.
B) Both red-green colorblindness and blue-yellow colorblindness are sex-linked conditions.
C) Red-green colorblindness is a sex-linked condition,but blue-yellow colorblindness is not.
D) Blue-yellow colorblindness is a sex-linked condition,but red-green colorblindness is not.
Q2) Which of the following groups of cells respond to input from only one eye?
A) ocular dominance columns
B) orientation columns
C) hypercolumns
D) cytochrome oxidase blobs
Q3) When a rod absorbs a photon of light,retinal changes from the
A) 11-cis form to the all-trans form and merges with opsin to form rhodopsin.
B) all-trans form to the 11-cis form and merges with opsin to form rhodopsin.
C) 11-cis form to the all-trans form,and the rhodopsin molecule breaks apart.
D) all-trans form to the 11-cis form,and the rhodopsin molecule breaks apart.
Q4) What is the function of the cornea of the eye?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following canals are actually connected to each other?
A) the vestibular and tympanic canals
B) the vestibular canal and the cochlear duct
C) the tympanic canal and the cochlear duct
D) the auditory and vestibular canals
Q2) Neurons in the substantia gelatinosa release
A) GABA only.
B) GABA and Substance P.
C) glutamate only.
D) glutamate and Substance P.
Q3) Fiber pathways carrying information about touch cross the midline in the A) spinal cord.
B) medulla.
C) midbrain.
D) forebrain.
Q4) How does the chemical composition of the endolymph affect the activity of hair cells in the cochlea?
Q5) Meissner's corpuscles feature small receptive fields and rapid adaptation.
A)True
B)False
9
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Chapter 8: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Abnormal activity in the basal ganglia has been implicated in A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) Huntington's disease.
C) major depressive disorder.
D) muscular dystrophy.
Q2) Alpha motor neurons receive input from A) muscle spindles only.
B) Golgi tendon organs only.
C) spinal interneurons only.
D) muscle spindles,Golgi tendon organs,and spinal interneurons.
Q3) Flexion reflexes,such as our withdrawal of our foot away from a sharp object,are examples of polysynaptic reflexes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the physical symptoms of myasthenia gravis.
Q5) The pontine reticulospinal tract originates in the A) reticular formation of the pons.
B) reticular formation of the medulla.
C) vestibular nuclei of the medulla.
D) midbrain.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger
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Sample Questions
Q1) NPY and AgRP
A) initiate feeding behavior.
B) inhibit parasympathetic nervous system activity.
C) activate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
D) activate adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Q2) The median preoptic nucleus receives input from the
A) organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT)and the subfornical organ.
B) organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT)and the nucleus of the solitary tract.
C) subfornical organ and the nucleus of the solitary tract.
D) subfornical organ and the zona incerta.
Q3) Vomiting and diarrhea may be life threatening when _________ sodium levels lead to_________ blood pressure.
A) reduced;low
B) reduced;high
C) increased;low
D) increased;high
Q4) Describe the role of ghrelin in appetite.
Q5) What is the role of CART in the maintenance of anorexia nervosa?
Q6) How might lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)disrupt appetite?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The quantity of androgens produced by females is about _________ percent of the quantity produced by males.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 33
D) 50
Q2) Tovée et al.argue that men prefer women with a body mass index (BMI)of _________ regardless of their hip-waist ratio.
A) 20
B) 22
C) 25
D) 28
Q3) Steven Pinker and Elizabeth Spelke provide compelling arguments for their positions regarding the current underrepresentation of women in science,math,and engineering faculties.Summarize their positions and propose a research question that would improve our understanding of this controversial issue.
Q4) Why do some scientists believe that we are attracted to people with symmetrical faces and bodies?
Q5) What are the relationships between testosterone and cognitive behavior?
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is most likely that sleep
A) has the same functions in all species.
B) does not serve the same purposes in all species.
C) is a behavior seen only in birds and mammals,as it requires a complex brain.
D) has important functions,but humans can live without it.
Q2) Your roommate swears he never dreams.How might you prove differently to him?
A) Buy him a dream-catcher and hang it by his bed.
B) Keep him awake for 48 hours and then he would remember his dreams.
C) Have him concentrate on something he wants to dream about before he goes to sleep,and then see if he remembers dreaming when he wakes up.
D) Watch him sleep,and when his eyes begin to move under his closed eyelids,wake him up,and he will probably realize he was dreaming.
Q3) The frequency of nightmares
A) is unrelated to a person's mental health.
B) is higher after puberty than before puberty.
C) can be increased by viewing frightening videos or experiencing natural disasters.
D) is higher in men than in women.
Q4) Discuss the possible causes of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kayla is presenting a business plan to her bank,hoping to get a loan.As her stress levels increase,it is likely that her performance will
A) continue to increase.
B) become steadily worse.
C) decrease at first,but after her stress reaches a certain point,she will overcome it enough to improve.
D) increase at first,but after her stress reaches a certain point,she will begin to perform more poorly.
Q2) When an organism reduces its responses to an ongoing,harmless source of information,which of the following processes has occurred?
A) instinctive behavior
B) habituation
C) sensitization
D) classical conditioning
Q3) Inactivation of the red nucleus prevents eyeblink conditioning,but inactivation of the interpositus nucleus has no effect on learning.
A)True
B)False
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14
Chapter 13: Lateralization, language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) What factors influence the development of lateralization in the human brain?
Q2) For most people,which part(s)of the brain contribute(s)to the interpretation of prosody?
A) the left hemisphere only.
B) the right hemisphere only.
C) the right hemisphere and the left orbitofrontal cortex.
D) the right hemisphere and both the right and left orbitofrontal cortices.
Q3) In Aitcheson's criteria for language,the fact that we learn language through simple exposure is an example of A) duality.
B) cultural transmission.
C) spontaneous usage.
D) displacement.
Q4) The largest fiber pathway linking the two cerebral hemispheres is the A) anterior commissure.
B) massa intermedia.
C) corpus callosum.
D) hippocampal commissure.
Q5) What is the Flynn Effect,and what does this tell us about the development of mature human intelligence?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) Participants who believed that they had been socially excluded by others demonstrated higher activity in the A) amygdala.
B) cingulate cortex.
C) thalamus.
D) nucleus accumbens.
Q2) Emotions might promote survival by helping us
A) reduce autonomic activity.
B) maintain steady levels of arousal.
C) manage approach and withdrawal behaviors appropriately.
D) avoid expressing our feelings to all but our closest friends and family.
Q3) Describe the role of the frontal lobes in decision-making.
Q4) The facial nuclei receive input from
A) primary motor cortex via the corticobulbar tract.
B) primary motor cortex via the corticospinal tract.
C) the basal ganglia via the rubrospinal tract.
D) the substantia nigra via the rubrospinal tract.
Q5) Describe the sources of individual differences in emotional expression.
Q6) How well would the classic theories of emotion predict the behavior of people playing violent videogames?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) After experiencing a concussion,an athlete can return to play in the same game
A) under no circumstances.
B) only if this is his or her very first concussion.
C) if unconsciousness lasted less than 15 minutes.
D) after as little as 15 minutes,if unconsciousness did not occur.
Q2) Describe the two major types of generalized seizures.
Q3) Meningiomas typically arise from
A) neurons.
B) astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
C) Schwann cells.
D) the membranes covering the brain.
Q4) The Kennard Principle appears to predict recovery of language functions,but not necessarily other types of cognitive function,following brain damage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In Jacksonian seizures,which of the following is disturbed?
A) visual behavior
B) auditory behavior
C) motor behavior
D) consciousness
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids has _________ people with bipolar disorder.
A) had no effect on
B) clearly improved the behavior of C) produced a worsening of symptoms in D) produced mixed results in improving the behavior of
Q2) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)may be associated with A) reduced glutamate activity.
B) increased GABA activity.
C) reduced benzodiazepine activity.
D) increased serotonin activity.
Q3) Behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
A) is not effective.
B) has weaker effects than medication alone.
C) is as effective as medication alone,but does not last as long.
D) may be as effective as medication alone,and has longer lasting results.
Q4) What evidence points to a larger disturbance of circadian rhythms in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?
Q5) Distinguish between the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Q6) Summarize the biochemical correlates of schizophrenia.
Page 18
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