Psychology of Attitudes and Persuasion Mock
Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the psychological foundations of how attitudes are formed, maintained, and changed, with a focus on the principles and processes of persuasion. Students will examine classic and contemporary theories of attitude structure, the influence of cognitive and affective components, and the roles of social context and communication in shaping attitudes. Topics include attitude measurement, cognitive dissonance, resistance to persuasion, and the ethical implications of persuasive strategies. Through case studies and empirical research, students will gain insight into the ways attitudes influence behavior in domains such as marketing, politics, health, and interpersonal relationships.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 9th Edition by Elliot Aronson
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16 Chapters
2963 Verified Questions
2963 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the following research question: "How has new computer technology changed the U.S.educational system?" This question is most likely to be asked by a(n)
A) social psychologist.
B) personality psychologist.
C) sociologist.
D) anthropologist.
Answer: C
Q2) When a psychologist discusses individual differences, she is discussing A) genetic variation.
B) differences in how people respond in different situations.
C) aspects of personality that make people differ from one another.
D) differences within a person in how to behave publicly versus privately.
Answer: C
Q3) One common goal of sociology and social psychology is to understand A) how individuals function in modern society.
B) the processes of society at large.
C) how individuals are influenced by other people.
D) the influence of social factors on human behavior.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research
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251 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One evolutionary psychologist hypothesizes that humans were savage in their distant past, while another hypothesizes that they were very cooperative.Based on information from the authors of your text, which hypothesis is correct?
A) Neither: evolutionary explanations tend to be misguided.
B) Humans were cooperative; otherwise the species would not have survived.
C) Human were savage; otherwise we would all get along and be peaceful today.
D) Either: evolutionary psychology alone cannot discern which is correct.
Answer: D
Q2) Social psychologists must often balance the goal of discovering important information about human social behavior with the ethical issue of
A) random assignment to condition.
B) random selection from a population.
C) concern for the welfare of participants.
D) using replication and meta-analysis.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Our use of mental shortcuts usually leads to
A) optimal decisions that could not be bettered if more time were spent.
B) faulty decisions that get us into trouble.
C) good decisions in a reasonable amount of time.
D) faulty decisions, but the fact that we've decided quickly gives us time to cope with the consequences, so there is no harm done in the end.
Answer: C
Q2) Eva wants to raise a lot of money for her cat rescue group.Based on the research by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007), the best strategy for doing this involves
A) mentioning fairness or religious imagery several times in the brochures.
B) putting happy cat pictures on the brochures.
C) telling potential donors they are "stars."
D) mentioning potential donors' names several times.
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand
Other People
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204 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the authors of your text, people in ________ cultures tend to have an analytic thinking style.
A) Eastern
B) Western
C) third-world
D) old-world
Q2) Paula's cubicle at work is filled with pictures of her family, comfy stuffed animals, her favorite foods, and posters of her favorite music groups.Based on the research of Gosling, Paula is most likely a(n)
A)narcissist.
B)extravert.
C)depressed person.
D)foreigner.
Q3) Jordanka has big eyes, a small chin and nose, and a high forehead.Her new employer is most likely to believe she is
A)extraverted and outgoing.
B)confident bordering on rude.
C)calculating and scheming.
D)naive and submissive.
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Chapter 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of the self-control function of the self?
A)making a good first impression
B)justifying why you spent so much money on your new cell phone
C)thinking about what kind of person you really are
D)making a plan about how to study and succeed academically
Q2) Dr.Emerson teaches two sections of chemistry class.Recently, someone was caught cheating on the midterm exam.Based on the research on the depletion effect of self-control, in which section was the cheating most likely to have occurred?
A)the 8:00 a.m.section
B)the 9:00 a.m.section
C)the 12:00 noon section
D)the 4:00 p.m.section
Q3) According to the authors of your text, introspection may not be an especially useful source of information about the self because people
A) may not be consciously aware of the reasons for our behavior.
B) cannot be at once the observer and the object observed.
C) are driven by unconscious self-enhancing motives.
D) know that introspection uses up valuable cognitive resources.
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Chapter 6: The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits
of Dissonance Reduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to dissonance theorists, what is the problem with severe punishment to control behaviors? Severe punishment
A) leads to frustration.
B) models inappropriate behavior that is then learned.
C) serves as an external justification for behavior change.
D) undermines extrinsic motivation.
Q2) The authors of your text explain that some commentators believe the Bush administration was trying to deliberately deceive the American people about the nature of their intentions in the conflict in Iraq.However, the authors of your text suggest that it is likely that the
A) media is to blame for this impression.
B) Bush administration was falling subject to the FAE.
C) members of the Bush administration were undergoing cognitive dissonance.
D) American people underwent effort justification.
Q3) Research using MRIs suggests that when people experience cognitive dissonance, they
A) rely heavily on reason and logic.
B) repress the memory of such events.
C) do not rely on reason much at all.
D) experience anger and fear.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing
Thoughts and Feelings
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265 Verified Questions
265 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oliver is participating in a research study of implicit attitudes.He was an overweight child but is a healthy-weight adult.If his results are similar to the participants in the study by Rudman and her colleagues (2007), he will have a ________ implicit attitude about overweight people.
A) more positive
B) more negative
C) neutral
D) more conscious
Q2) According to the authors, advertisers who market such products as deodorants, mouthwashes, and room deodorizers succeed because they
A) convince consumers that their products are relevant to them.
B) use attractive spokespeople.
C) use fear appeals to activate consumers' subjective norms.
D) use logical appeals to target consumers' health concerns.
Q3) Describe when people are more likely to use the central route to persuasion, and when they are more likely to use the peripheral route.When people are using the central route, what will make an appeal more persuasive? When they are using the peripheral route, what will make an appeal more persuasive?
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Chapter 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why would Muzafer Sherif, a social psychologist, choose the autokinetic effect (a perceptual illusion) to study social conformity? He wanted
A) to construct a situation that was ambiguous.
B) participants to feel pressure to obey his instructions.
C) to use a dark room to foster a sense of cohesion in the group.
D) to study the influence of perceptions on social behavior.
Q2) In 1975, Cialdini and colleagues asked college students to spend 2 hours chaperoning a group of children on a field trip to the zoo.Only _____ agreed to this request.However, after first asking another group of college students to volunteer every week, for a minimum of two years, _______ agreed to the second request to chaperon the zoo trip because of the door-in-the-face technique.
A)50%; 17%
B)17%; 100%
C)100%; 50%
D)17%; 50%
Q3) The text discussed informational social influence and normative social influence.First, describe the two types of social influence and give a real life example of each.Be sure to clearly explain how your example demonstrates that particular type of social influence.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups
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205 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rachida refuses to follow important social norms of her group.She will be
A) viewed as a rebel, and hold that niche in the group.
B) made the leader.
C) shunned by the other group members.
D) allowed to behave however he or she wants to.
Q2) Decision-making groups are most likely to share unique information when
A) their task is simple.
B) the leader is relationship-oriented.
C) they know they are the only ones tasked with knowing diagnostic information.
D) groups seek consensus.
Q3) There is a new student on campus who doesn't know anyone yet.Why would you expect this student to join groups on campus (these could be groups of friends, clubs, or teams)? Also, what kinds of students would you expect in the composition of the groups this new student would join?
Q4) Negotiation as a means of resolving conflict doesn't work as often as it might because in most conflicts
A) one party has more power than the other.
B) adversaries tend to overlook common interests.
C) adversaries refuse to communicate with one another.
D) adversaries refuse to involve objective mediators.
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Chapter 10: Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships
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198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of arranged marriages in many Eastern cultures is most likely the reason for
A) unhappy people in unhappy marriages.
B) arranged dating when the two partners are very young.
C) lower divorce rates.
D) greater degrees of romantic love.
Q2) When Newcomb (1961) randomly assigned male students at the University of Michigan to be roommates at the start of the school year, he found that ________ and ________ were powerful predictors of who would become friends.
A) demographic similarity; physical attractiveness
B) demographic similarity; attitude similarity
C) attitude similarity; physical attractiveness
D) physical attractiveness; the number of friends in common
Q3) In romantic relationships, when would similarity with your partner be the LEAST important?
A) if your partner is from a collectivist culture
B) if you are just looking for a "fling"
C) if you are high-skilled interpersonally
D) if you are seeking a committed relationship
Q4) Compare and contrast social exchange theory and operant conditioning.
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Chapter 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even if it is clear that a person needs help, that you are the person responsible to help, and that you know how to help, you might still decide not to help.Reasons that people do not help in such cases include all of the following EXCEPT
A) the situation isn't an emergency, and the Latané and Darley model isn't applicable.
B) people fear that they might make fools of themselves if they help.
C) the cost of administering help might be too high.
D) people fear that they might make things worse if they try to help.
Q2) The basic tenet of ________ is that when we feel empathy for another person's plight, we will help that person regardless of what we may stand to gain.
A) kin selection
B) evolutionary psychology
C) the reciprocity norm
D) the empathy-altruism hypothesis
Q3) How do evolutionary psychologists use the concepts of kin selection and the reciprocity norm to explain human prosocial behavior?
Q4) Discuss the role of media in helping.
Q5) Briefly summarize the social exchange perspective of helping behavior.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can
We Prevent It
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Sample Questions
Q1) Julie is really interested in Tom.She flirts with him at lunch a few times, and finally asks him out for a drink on Friday.According to the authors of your text, Julie's behavior is A) assertive.
B) aggressive.
C) masculine.
D) abnormal.
Q2) Explain the role of social conditions in changing the Iroquois tribe from peaceable people to fierce warriors.
Q3) Riots do occur more often on hot days than on cool days.The hotter the day in a number of cities, the more violent crimes occur.These results suggest that discomfort can lead to aggression.However, such results should be interpreted with caution because
A) representative samples were not secured by the researchers.
B) some third variable might account for the relation.
C) researchers only studied violent aggression.
D) researchers limited themselves to the United States.
Q4) Explain the nature of the gender differences in aggression in humans.
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Chapter 13: Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research by Deutsch and Collins (1951) suggests that when residents of a segregated versus racially integrated housing project were surveyed after living there for several months, people who had lived in the integrated environment tended to A) feel more prejudice than they had before. B) feel less prejudice than they had before. C) express less prejudice, but still feel it very strongly. D) commit more discriminatory acts.
Q2) Stereotyping is a way of ________ the complex information around us, and thus is sometimes ________.
A) coding; destructive
B) simplifying; adaptive
C) justifying; reassuring
D) judging; decisive
Q3) Provide an example of a prejudiced attitude (the example need not reflect how you truly feel).Now, identify and provide an example of the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of this prejudiced attitude.
Q4) What is stereotype threat, why does it arise, and what are the consequences?
Q5) Describe the role of normative conformity in the societal problem of prejudice.
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Chapter 14: Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joe has just survived a horrible earthquake.After this traumatic event, he is asked if he wants to undergo Critical Incident Stress Debriefing.Based on information from your text, what would you suggest Joe do?
A) Joe should undergo CISD; it has been shown to prevent the onset of psychological disorders.
B) Joe should undergo CISD only if he wasn't physically injured.
C) Joe should not undergo CISD.
D) Joe should only undergo CISD if he experienced the trauma less than twenty-four hours ago.
Q2) Based on what the authors of your text report, what is something that people often strive for in the future that actually does NOT increase your happiness?
A) satisfying social relationships
B) opportunities to help others
C) meaningful goals
D) monetary wealth
Q3) Littering has become an increasingly serious problem on your campus.As a member of a student government committee, what recommendations would you make to reduce littering? Make sure to mention the role of norms.
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pennebaker's research on the effects of "opening up" or confiding in others shows that those people who write ________ show the most improvements to their health.
A) the stories with the least amount of traumatic content
B) the stories with the most traumatic content
C) stories that start out incoherent but become more organized
D) stories that focus on relationships
Q2) With regard to gender differences in coping strategies, male is to female as fight-or-flight is to
A) talk-and-walk.
B) care-and-share.
C) tend-and-befriend.
D) shop-'til-you-drop.
Q3) According to most social psychologists, stress is defined as the negative feelings and beliefs that arise when people
A) experience a large number of changes in their lives.
B) respond maladaptively to changes in their lives.
C) experience physical or psychological illness.
D) believe that they cannot cope with environmental demands.
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology and the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are sitting on a jury in which you are the only one that believes that the defendant is not guilty of the charges.What is the most likely outcome of your dissent?
A) You hang the jury.
B) You cave in and go along with the charges as presented.
C) You eventually agree to vote guilty, but persuade the other jurors to think more critically about the evidence.
D) You eventually agree to vote guilty, but persuade the other jurors that more severe charges are necessary.
Q2) Kim witnessed a robbery that occurred over the course of an hour across a rather wide street at night.Which of the following is NOT a factor hindering Kim's acquisition of the event?
A) the crime was unexpected
B) the crime took place over the course of an hour
C) the crime took place at night
D) the crime happened some distance away
Q3) How do jurors make sense of the large amount of information presented during the trial? What are the implications for how jurors process information for legal strategy?
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