Psychology of Aging Pre-Test Questions - 2038 Verified Questions

Chapter 3: Genes,Environment,and Development

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Q1) Explain what an epigenome is,how it is created,and the impact it has on genes.

Answer: The epigenome refers to the chemical compounds and proteins that can attach to DNA and direct its activity. It is created through a process called epigenetic modification, which involves adding or removing chemical tags on the DNA or the proteins associated with it. These modifications can alter the way genes are expressed without changing the underlying DNA sequence.

The impact of the epigenome on genes is significant. It can determine which genes are turned on or off in different cell types, at different stages of development, and in response to environmental cues. This means that the epigenome plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and ultimately determining the characteristics and functions of cells and tissues in an organism. Additionally, changes to the epigenome can have long-lasting effects on gene expression and can be inherited across generations, potentially influencing the risk of certain diseases or traits.

In summary, the epigenome is a dynamic and influential component of the genome that regulates gene expression and responds to both internal and external signals, shaping the development and function of an organism.

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Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing

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Q1) Six-month-old Trent saw his dad blink three times when he held a baby bottle.An hour after this occurred,Trent sees a baby bottle and blinks three times.This action would best be described as _____ imitation.

A)deferred

B)implicit

C)serial

D)decentered

Q2) Which statement concerning memory is true?

A)Explicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines,while implicit memory capacity peaks in childhood then declines.

B)Explicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines,while implicit memory capacity is constant across the lifespan.

C)Implicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines,while explicit memory capacity peaks in childhood then declines.

D)Implicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines,while explicit memory capacity is constant across the lifespan.

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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity

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Q1) What are the strengths and weaknesses of Gardner's and Sternberg's theories?  What shortcomings in earlier theories does Sternberg's idea of successful intelligence address?

Q2) Research on intelligence and creativity has shown that

A)highly creative individuals rarely have below-average IQs.

B)a high IQ is required for creativity.

C)the more reliance on convergent thinking,the greater the creativity.

D)motivation cannot compensate for the lack of environmental support for intellectual advancement.

Q3) What is the psychometric approach to intelligence,and how do the Spearman and Cattell & Horn models reflect this approach?

Q4) What would indicate that Kenneth's free-throw-shooting has undergone automatization?

A)He has practiced so many times that he does not even have to pay that much attention to make the shot.

B)He has never seen the behavior before,but he is busy committing it to memory.

C)He can show someone else how to shoot free-throws.

D)He now becomes distracted if fans wave banners while he is shooting.

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Chapter 10: Language and Education

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Q1) Belmont has a high degree of mastery motivation.On his first psychology test,he scores 52 out of 100 (an "F").What is his most likely reaction?

A)He blames himself for being stupid.

B)He blames himself for not studying.

C)He blames the instructor for writing such a hard test.

D)He doesn't care about his level of performance.

Q2) The most effective preschool programs emphasize academic skill-building and de-emphasize play.

A)True

B)False

Q3) A nonprofit organization welcomed 100 people to participate in a new 10-week adult literacy training program.How many of the attendees did not complete the program?

A)32

B)47

C)61

D)73

Q4) How does Shernoff's perspective on complexity in high school relate to Vygotsky's zone of proximal development? Give an example to support your thinking..

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Chapter 11: Self and Personality

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Q1) The _____ identity status would best be described as "I haven't really thought about it,but my parents think "

A)foreclosure

B)moratorium

C)identity achievement

D)diffusion

Q2) How does infant temperament relate to personality in adults? Provide an example for each type of temperament.

Q3) Which event is best associated with Erikson's integrity versus despair stage of development?

A)Committing to a long-term relationship

B)Having your first child

C)Comparing yourself to your peers

D)Life review

Q4) Which term best describes an adolescent's focus on their self-concept?

A)measured

B)casual

C)resigned

D)intensive

Q5) In what ways might one's culture and ethnic identity impact self-concept?

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Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality

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Q1) Research supports all of the following EXCEPT that

A)adrenal gland activity around age 10 appears to be linked to the first sexual attraction.

B)attitudes concerning sexual behavior vary between cultures.

C)the first sexual attraction tends to occur prior to the maturation of the sex organs.

D)sexual behavior in puberty is best conceptualized as being solely driven by hormones.

Q2) Overall,adolescents' self-reports on frequency of sexual behavior are largely dependent on which of the following?

A)values

B)orientations

C)definitions

D)comparisons

Q3) How does the need to adhere to gender roles change between preschool and late adolescence? How is gender segregation impacted by this change? Provide examples to support your thinking.

Q4) What is the gender similarity hypothesis and what evidence is used to support this position? Provide several examples that illustrate your thinking.

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Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development

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Q1) Piaget found that children have sophisticated morality because they believe in different,relative tiers of rules.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Individuals at the postconventional level of moral reasoning view right and wrong in terms of existing societal laws.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Which is the LEAST developmentally advanced description of a friend?

A)"He has a big head and blue eyes."

B)"He is pretty good at math."

C)"He is so smart that everyone likes him."

D)"He sometimes is nice and other times is mean."

Q4) Which statement provides the best example of the morality of instrumental hedonism?

A)Doing evil is fun.

B)Wrong is always wrong.

C)I steal for you,you steal for me.

D)The law determines right from wrong.

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Chapter 15: The Family

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Q1) What is the best approach for parents to deal with their adolescent's push for autonomy? Explain the overall goal of the parents and give some examples to support your ideas.

Q2) Most children who are maltreated are victims of neglect,not physical or sexual abuse.

A)True

B)False

Q3) In general,gay and lesbian couples

A)have less satisfying relationships than married heterosexuals.

B)assign traditional roles of "wife" to one partner and the role of "husband" to the other.

C)tend to have more egalitarian relationships than married heterosexuals.

D)follow a very different pattern of stages of relationship development than heterosexual couples.

Q4) What parenting style was employed in your family when you were growing up? If you had two active parents,did they both use the same style,or different styles? How were you affected by this parenting?

Q5) Describe the three major grandparenting styles and provide advantages and disadvantages for each,using examples.

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Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

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Q1) What lies at the foundation of the "right to die" perspective?

A)legal issues

B)self-control

C)pain avoidance

D)spiritual needs

Q2) What did Parkes mean by saying "love and loss are two sides of the same coin"? How did this perspective influence a key model of bereavement? Give examples from the model to support your ideas.

Q3) Active euthanasia is also called

A)mercy killing.

B)assisted suicide.

C)physician-assisted suicide.

D)passive euthanasia.

Q4) Grief is best defined as

A)the emotional response to loss.

B)culturally accepted ways of reacting to loss.

C)the process of dealing with the deceased's remains.

D)a status of being without.

Q5) Describe the concepts that comprise a "mature" Western understanding of death.Provide examples to support your thinking.

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