Psychology of Aging
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Psychology of Aging explores the cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur as individuals age. The course examines the biological and psychological processes underlying aging, including memory, learning, personality, and mental health in later life.
Students will analyze theories of aging, age-related challenges, and factors that influence successful aging such as lifestyle, social relationships, and cultural perspectives. Discussions also cover issues related to retirement, coping with loss, and strategies to promote well-being among older adults, offering insights applicable to healthcare, policy, and personal development.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Lifespan Development 4th Edition by
Laura E. Berk
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19 Chapters
2178 Verified Questions
2178 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23859
Sample Questions
Q1) Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American community studying communication between parents and children. Jade was using __________.
A) naturalistic observation
B) ethnography
C) self-reports
D) structured observation
Answer: B
Q2) By using __________ assignment of participants to treatment conditions, investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups.
A) sequential
B) random
C) systematic
D) correlational
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A growing number of researchers regard the question of how much heredity and environment each contribute to differences among people as __________.
A) unanswerable
B) answered mainly by DNA
C) unimportant
D) answered easily with kinship studies
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is true about genetic counseling?
A) It involves medical procedures that permit detection of developmental problems before birth.
B) It helps couples assess their chances of giving birth to a baby with a hereditary disorder.
C) It is not useful for individuals who know that genetic problems exist in their families.
D) Genetic markers for autism are found in a majority of affected people.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn
Baby
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about epidural analgesia is true?
A) It prevents the mother from being able to move her trunk and legs.
B) It allows the mother to feel the pressure of the contractions.
C) It strengthens uterine contractions.
D) It prevents the mother from being able to push during the second stage of labor.
Answer: B
Q2) Which statement about the harm done by teratogens is true?
A) Passive smoking is rarely harmful to the developing fetus.
B) The genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important role.
C) The negative impact of teratogens is usually reversible.
D) The most serious defects occur in the germinal period.
Answer: B
Q3) In mammals, including humans, the sense of smell __________.
A) will not become adultlike for several years
B) helps mothers and babies identify each other
C) is the least developed sense at birth
D) will take about four months to become adultlike
Answer: B
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The more rapidly 10-month-olds detect words within the speech stream, the __________ at age 2 years.
A) clearer their speech
B) larger their vocabulary
C) lower their IQ
D) smaller their cerebral cortex
Q2) Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.
A) the first year
B) the second year
C) middle childhood
D) adolescence
Q3) Are chubby babies at risk for later overweight and obesity? How can concerned parents prevent their infants from becoming overweight children and adults?
Q4) Most newborns show greater activation in the right hemisphere while __________.
A) listening to speech sounds
B) displaying a positive state of arousal
C) tasting sweet sugar water
D) listening to nonspeech sounds
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two-year-old Carmen is trying to fit pieces into a wooden puzzle form. Carmen's father helps her turn the pieces so they fit snuggly in place. As Carmen's skill improves, her father steps back, letting her try on her own. This example illustrates the concept of
A) novelty preference
B) accommodation
C) sustained attention
D) scaffolding
Q2) When children are not changing much cognitively, they __________ more than they __________.
A) accommodate; organize
B) organize; assimilate
C) assimilate; accommodate
D) organize; adapt
Q3) What are the two main problems that modern researchers have with Piaget's sensorimotor stage? What are his contributions to the field of research on infant cognition?
Q4) Describe the signs of developmentally appropriate infant and toddler child care.
Q5) Describe the social-interactionist view of language development.
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Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Attachment Q-Sort __________.
A) differentiates between types of insecurity
B) is less time-consuming than the Strange Situation
C) takes a baby through eight short episodes of separation and reunion
D) requires either a parent or an observer to categorize 90 descriptive behaviors
Q2) In Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study, 35 percent of the children
A) were classified as easy children
B) did not fit any of the categories
C) were classified as slow-to-warm-up children
D) were classified as difficult children
Q3) Most neurobiological research has focused on children who fall at opposite extremes of the __________ and __________ dimensions of temperament.
A) positive-affect; fearful-distress
B) effortful-control; activity-level
C) attention-span; irritable-distress
D) activity-level; positive-affect
Q4) Describe separation anxiety. When does it occur?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Yucatec Mayan parents __________ their preschoolers.
A) rely on conversation to teach
B) spend very little time with C) rarely converse or play with
D) engage in rough-and-tumble play with
Q2) Which statement about preschoolers' ability to generate and follow a plan is true?
A) Young preschoolers can easily adjust their plans to fit task requirements.
B) With respect to planning, children learn very little from directions for playing games. C) When parents encourage planning in everyday activities, they help children plan more effectively.
D) Preschoolers are not yet capable of planning, even if the tasks are familiar and not too complex.
Q3) Itzel, a Yucatec Mayan preschooler, is hungry. She is most likely to __________.
A) decide for herself when and how much to eat
B) ask her mother to make her a meal
C) wait until the family's set mealtime to eat
D) make a pretend meal for herself and her dolls to "eat"
Q4) Describe the benefits of watching educational television, such as Sesame Street.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Freud, children __________.
A) listen to the id to avoid shame and doubt
B) obey the superego to avoid guilt
C) obey the ego to avoid feelings of mistrust
D) behave morally when adults point out the effects of their misbehavior on others
Q2) Which child is the most likely to become a target of child maltreatment?
A) Jonathan, a tall toddler
B) Sabrina, a social infant
C) Sebastian, an attentive preschooler
D) Faye, a premature baby
Q3) During early childhood, children's gender-stereotyped beliefs __________.
A) emerge slowly, as parents treat boys and girls in similar ways
B) strengthen so much that many children apply them as blanket rules that should not be violated
C) are highly flexible with respect to clothing and hairstyle but less so with respect to types of play
D) are flexible until about age 5, after which they become more rigid
Q4) Discuss factors within the family that heighten the risk of child maltreatment.
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Q5) Compare and contrast the authoritative and authoritarian child-rearing styles.
Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quinn knows that she should group items when memorizing lists, but she does not always do so. Quinn is not yet good at __________.
A) metacognition
B) selective attention
C) cognitive self-regulation
D) flexibility of attention
Q2) Children of bilingual parents who teach them both languages in infancy and early childhood __________.
A) generally take five to seven years to attain speaking and writing skills on par with those of monolingual agemates
B) attain language milestones in both languages far later than monolingual agemates
C) have a much smaller and less sophisticated vocabulary than monolingual children
D) separate the language systems early on and attain early language milestones according to a typical timetable
Q3) Discuss educating gifted children. How well do programs for the gifted nurture children's talents and creativity?
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elliott, age 11, is suddenly afraid to go to school. How can Elliott's parents best help?
A) Allow him to stay home from school until he feels more comfortable.
B) Become more protective of him by accompanying him to his classes.
C) Lightheartedly point out that being afraid of going to school is not normal.
D) Firmly insist that he return to school, and train him in how to cope with difficult situations.
Q2) Felix has many friends and is happy with his peer relationships. But he often bullies others and engages in calculated relational aggression. Felix can be hostile and disruptive, but he also engages in positive, prosocial acts. Felix is a __________ child.
A) popular-prosocial
B) rejected-aggressive
C) controversial
D) neglected
Q3) School-age children __________.
A) use frequent social comparisons
B) compare their own performance to that of a single peer
C) describe themselves in extreme, all-or-none ways
D) rarely describe their own negative attributes
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals with bulimia nervosa usually __________.
A) feel depressed and guilty about their abnormal eating habits
B) lose between 25 and 50 percent of their body weight
C) deny or minimize the seriousness of the disorder
D) have overprotective and controlling parents
Q2) Lane is considering dropping out of high school and finding a job. Lane should know that dropouts __________ than high school graduates.
A) have much higher employment rates
B) are less likely to be out of work from time to time
C) are more likely to have skills valued by employers
D) are more likely to remain in menial, low-paid jobs
Q3) Programs that __________ can make staying in school easier for at-risk adolescents.
A) suspend students for misbehavior
B) focus on purely academic work
C) offer flexible work study arrangements
D) prohibit participation in extracurricular activities
Q4) What is the role of heredity in sexual orientation?
Page 13
Q5) What can parents and teachers do to help adolescents adjust to middle and high school transitions?
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Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Seventeen-year-old Amberly is likely to place more emphasis on __________ in her self-description than 12-year-old Corey.
A) social virtues
B) academic ability
C) athletic ability
D) physical attractiveness
Q2) Responses to moral dilemmas in both village societies and industrialized cultures that highly value interdependence __________ than in North America and Western Europe.
A) place greater weight on individual rights
B) are less other-directed
C) are more other-directed
D) place greater weight on justice
Q3) "Brains," "jocks," "populars," and "druggies" are typical examples of teenage
A) cliques
B) crowds
C) clubs
D) circles
Q4) Discuss gender differences in friendship quality in adolescence.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the end of the teenage years, nearly 70 percent of U.S. young people
A) report regular heavy drinking
B) have used mobile dating apps
C) have had sexual intercourse
D) report binge drinking during the past month
Q2) Deon likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions. Alecia prefers working with people. According to Holland's six personality types, Deon is __________ and Alecia is __________.
A) social; realistic
B) investigative; conventional
C) conventional; social
D) enterprising; artistic
Q3) As the lens of the eye stiffens and thickens with age, __________.
A) ability to see objects far away declines
B) ability to focus on close objects declines
C) color discrimination improves slightly
D) more light reaches the retina
Q4) Describe the federal government's guidelines for dietary fat. How does the consumption of fat impact adult nutrition?
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Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gloria's marriage was riddled with jealousy, emotional highs and lows, and desperation about whether her husband returned her affection. Though she offered support to her husband, Gloria did so in ways that poorly fit his needs. Based on this information, it is likely that Gloria has a(n) __________ attachment history.
A) secure
B) avoidant
C) resistant
D) trusting
Q2) More than half of births to African-American mothers in their twenties are to __________.
A) divorced, single women
B) women in first marriages
C) women without a partner
D) women in second marriages
Q3) Discuss factors that contribute to the widespread, persistent gender pay gap in the United States.
Q4) Compare and contrast attitudes regarding cohabitation in the United States and Western Europe.
Q5) Describe the gender differences in same-sex adult friendships.
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women's skin typically ages more quickly than men's because __________.
A) women are less likely to protect their skin from sun exposure
B) the dermis of women is not as thick as that of men
C) women spend less time outdoors than men do
D) estrogen loss accelerates the thickening of the skin
Q2) Women age 65 and older taking HRT __________.
A) have a decreased risk of heart attack and stroke
B) have a decreased risk of breast cancer
C) have an elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease
D) receive estrogen without progesterone
Q3) The __________ consists of connective tissue that gives the skin elasticity.
A) epidermis
B) dermis
C) hypodermis
D) protodermis
Q4) With age, many creators __________.
A) become more spontaneous
B) produce more works that integrate ideas
C) produce more intensely emotional works
D) devote more energy to new discoveries
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Throughout adulthood, the personality traits people assign to their current selves show __________.
A) lofty idealism
B) considerable stability
C) great variability
D) an ideal self
Q2) Which statement is true about research regarding the midlife crisis?
A) Vaillant saw many examples of substantial inner turmoil in midlife.
B) Levinson's work showed little evidence of a midlife crisis.
C) Current evidence supports the view of middle age as a turbulent time.
D) Vaillant saw examples of a slow and steady change, rather than a crisis.
Q3) __________ is common during middle age.
A) Midlife crisis
B) Personal upheaval
C) Drastic life alteration
D) Life evaluation
Q4) What is the feminization of poverty and how does divorce contribute to it?
Q5) Define possible selves and explain how they shift from early to middle adulthood.
Q6) Describe the sandwich generation.
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marion has just learned that her brain contains an abundance of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Marion's doctors are probably concerned that she has
A) suffered a stroke
B) Parkinson's disease
C) vascular dementia
D) Alzheimer's disease
Q2) Define and describe terminal decline.
Q3) At a recent family reunion, Philip's uncle recognized him as his brother's son, but he could not recall his name. Philip's uncle exhibited a(n) __________ memory deficit.
A) associative
B) implicit
C) remote
D) semantic
Q4) __________ especially decline in height because of a loss of __________.
A) Men; lean body mass
B) Women; bone mineral content
C) Men; muscle and fat
D) Women; muscle and fat
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Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marlon, an extraverted 75-year-old, reminisces about his wife, who passed away when Marlon was 56. He enjoys reliving his relationship with his wife. Marlon engages in __________ reminiscence.
A) self-focused
B) other-focused
C) knowledge-based
D) negative-based
Q2) Which statement is true about suicide in late adulthood?
A) More older women than older men take their own lives.
B) Failed suicides are much rarer in old age than in adolescence.
C) Overreporting of suicides is more common in old age than in earlier life.
D) Ethnic minority older adults have higher suicide rates than the white majority.
Q3) Risk for depression rises as physical disability leads to
A) more contact with caregivers
B) increased social isolation
C) greater reliance on cognitive abilities
D) mental health interventions
Q4) Describe George Vaillant's findings regarding successful aging.
Q5) Discuss the concept of gerotranscendence.
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Chapter 19: Death, Dying, and Bereavement
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following prolonged dying, survivors may __________.
A) feel more overwhelmed immediately following the death
B) be vulnerable to persistent anxiety due to long-term stressors
C) experience pronounced avoidance and delayed restoration
D) experience highly traumatic confrontation
Q2) In most industrialized nations, donated organs can be removed __________.
A) during the agonal phase of death
B) when all brain activity ceases
C) when the heartbeat ceases
D) when respiration ceases
Q3) Death __________.
A) is signified by a loss of heartbeat and respiration
B) happens at a single point in time and is the same from person to person
C) is a process in which organs stop functioning in a sequence that varies from person to person
D) has a universally accepted definition: cessation of all activity in the brain and the brain stem
Q4) Define and describe the three phases of death.
Q5) What is bereavement overload? Who is at risk for it?
Q6) What is medical aid-in-dying? Is it legal in the United States?
Page 21
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