Psychology of Aging
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Psychology of Aging explores the psychological processes and changes that occur as individuals grow older. The course examines cognitive, emotional, and social development in late adulthood, addressing topics such as memory, intelligence, personality, mental health, and coping strategies. Students analyze age-related challenges, including dementia and depression, and consider the impact of cultural, social, and biological factors on the aging process. Emphasis is placed on both normative and pathological patterns of aging, as well as strategies for promoting successful aging and improving the quality of life for older adults.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Life Span Development 2nd Edition by John W. Santrock
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17 Chapters
2042 Verified Questions
2042 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction-Chapter
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Travis spends a great deal of time working and trying to establish his career.He also has been thinking about how his personal relationship is going and considering whether it could be long-term and lead to establishing a family.Travis is most likely in:
A)late adolescence.
B)early adulthood.
C)middle adulthood.
D)late adulthood.
Answer: B
Q2) The capacity for change.
Answer: plasticity
Q3) In which stage of Piagetian development do infants learn about their environment by coordinating their sensory experiences with their motor activity?
A)preoperational
B)sensorimotor
C)premotor
D)sensoriphysical
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a correct statement regarding heredity-environment interaction?
A)The relative contributions of heredity and of environment are additive.
B)Genetic loading and complex environments combine in development.
C)Full genetic expression happens once,around conception or at birth.
D)Genes produce proteins over life in only a few certain environments.
Answer: B
Q2) Jessica is a very attractive teenager with beautiful brown eyes and high cheekbones.She is constantly receiving compliments about her looks and being asked out on dates.Her genes have influenced her environment in the following manner:
A)There is passive genotype-environment correlation between her genes and her environment.
B)There is evocative genotype-environment correlation between her genes and her environment.
C)There is an influential genotype-environment correlation between her genes and her environment.
D)There is an active (niche-picking)genotype-environment correlation between her genes and her environment.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damon asks his son to look at a picture book and name the objects he sees.Damon is using __________ to help his son learn language.
A)echoing
B)encoding
C)labeling
D)listing
Answer: C
Q2) The __________ method of studying whether an infant can distinguish between two objects is done by measuring the length of time the infant looks at an object.
A)visual cue
B)visual preference
C)visual availability
D)visual timing
Answer: B
Q3) Chemicals contained at the end of the axon that pass information to another neuron.
Answer: neurotransmitters
Q4) Skills that involve finely tuned movements such as drawing or painting.
Answer: fine motor skills
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Chapter 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erik Erikson,which of the following is TRUE concerning children and autonomy?
A)Children who are exploring can never be given too much autonomy by their parents.
B)Children need to develop a sense of shame before they can understand autonomy.
C)Children develop autonomy first and learn to experience shame and doubt later in life.
D)Children feel excessive shame and doubt if consistently overprotected or criticized.
Q2) What types of behaviors in caregivers create a sense of shame and doubt in children?
A)overprotectiveness and criticism
B)neglectfulness and indifference
C)punitiveness and sarcasm
D)enmeshment and fear
Q3) Stranger anxiety is negatively correlated with:
A)proximity to mother.
B)emotional maturity.
C)temperament.
D)age of the stranger.
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6
Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Lev Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD),learning is:
A)achieved by discovering which answers will lead to rewards.
B)achieved by assimilating new understandings to accommodate the demands of the world.
C)affected by how the environment and genetically programmed learning ability interact during a critical period.
D)a social activity between a less knowledgeable child,and another adult or child who is more knowledgeable.
Q2) Define conservation.
Q3) The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action.
Q4) Which of the following age groups of children is the most susceptible to the possibility that a suggestion will distort their memories?
A)infants
B)preschoolers
C)middle children
D)pre-adolescent children
Q5) The awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) This theory states that children gradually develop cognitive structures about gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate activities and behaviors in their culture.Children are then internally motivated to perceive the world and act in accordance with these cognitive structures.
Q2) When her mother asks Selena why she feels so sad,Selena says it is because her best friend just lost her puppy.Selena is exhibiting:
A)guilt.
B)empathy.
C)heteronomous morality.
D)lack of perspective taking.
Q3) Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning parenting practices and gender development?
A)Fathers are more consistently given responsibility for the nurturance and physical care of their children.
B)Mothers are more likely than fathers to engage in playful interactions with their children.
C)Mothers are more likely than fathers to treat their sons and daughters differently.
D)Fathers are more involved in socializing their sons than their daughters.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have found that increased aerobic activity is associated with increases in which important cognitive activity in children?
A)attention
B)seriation
C)planning
D)short-term memory
Q2) Although Casey has scored poorly on standardized intelligence tests,can use ideas,implement them,and put them into practice.According to Sternberg,he has _______ intelligence.
A)spatial
B)practical
C)analytical
D)interpersonal
Q3) What is giftedness? Name three characteristics of the gifted child.
Q4) Knowing about knowing.
Q5) Educating a child with special needs in a regular classroom on a full-time basis.
Q6) A kind of thinking that is characterized by reflection,productivity,and evaluation of evidence.
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Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jeff is independent,flexible,cheerful,friendly,assertive,tactful,comfortable with making decisions,sensitive to the feelings of others,and sympathetic.Jeff can best be described as:
A)masculine.
B)feminine.
C)androgynous.
D)transcendent.
Q2) Bellah sits in the back of the room,and very few of the children in class even know his name.Bellah's sociometric status is probably:
A)average.
B)neglected.
C)rejected.
D)controversial.
Q3) The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes.
Q4) Comparing the math abilities of males and females shows that:
A)most males outperform the majority of females.
B)most females outperform the majority of males.
C)there is no significant difference between the sexes.
D)students in grades 2 through 11 had no significant differences in math scores.
Page 10
Q5) How does Kohlberg's theory of moral development differ from Gilligan's theory?
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following help to determine puberty's timing,EXCEPT: A)nutrition.
B)genetics.
C)health.
D)toxins.
Q2) Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as they were a year ago,and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than last year's.Grace is most likely experiencing: A)normal changes as a result of having entered puberty.
B)difficulties because of significant imbalances in hormonal levels.
C)abnormal levels of development of male physical characteristics.
D)abnormal levels of development of female physical characteristics.
Q3) The personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent: A)coregulation. B)expression.
C)egocentrism.
D)object permanence.
Q4) A girl's first menstruation.
Q5) Discuss two aspects of adolescent egocentrism.
Q6) Discuss how early or late maturation affects boys and girls. Page 11
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Q1) Because of his Asian background,everyone expects Wen-Yen to excel in school.This type of stereotype exists because Wen-Yen is a member of:
A)a pluralistic society.
B)a higher social class.
C)a "model minority" group.
D)an assimilated minority group.
Q2) Why do males have higher rates of suicide than females?
A)They are more depressed than females.
B)They attempt suicide more frequently than do females.
C)They use more lethal means than do females.
D)They give no warning signs before they kill themselves.
Q3) The transition from adolescence to adulthood for cultures that have rites of passage is less _______ than for cultures that do not.
A)discontinuous
B)stressful
C)continuous
D)dramatic
Q4) An adolescent group structure that is usually formed based on reputation.Members may or may not spend time together.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shlomo goes to his doctor complaining of symptoms that may be related to a sexually transmitted infection (STI).His doctor does all of the necessary tests,and reports that he does,in fact,have an STI that is a result of a bacterial infection.Which of the following could NOT be Shlomo's diagnosis?
A)syphilis
B)gonorrhea
C)AIDS
D)chlamydia
Q2) This theorist suggested that adults are more likely to engage in reflective,relativistic thinking,whereas adolescents are more likely to use absolute,dualistic thinking.
Q3) "Emerging adulthood," a term coined by Jeffrey Arnett,refers to the age range from:
A)12 to 18.
B)18 to 25.
C)21 to 26.
D)20 to 30.
Q4) Sustained exercise (e.g. ,jogging,swimming)that stimulates heart and lung activity.
Q5) What is the best way to lose weight and keep it off?
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
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Q1) This theorist proposed a triarchic theory of love.
Q2) Romantic love differs from both affectionate love and friendship in its:
A)degree of intimacy.
B)degree of respect for the partner.
C)degree of commitment.
D)degree of sexual desire.
Q3) This theorist proposed a developmental model of love suggesting that the initial surge of sexual attraction tends to wane over time,and is replaced by either a reduction in attachment anxiety or an increase in conflict and withdrawal.Novelty is replaced by familiarity,and the relationship ends up as deeply caring or distressing and unsatisfying.
Q4) In general,being single offers the potential advantage of _________ but the potential disadvantage of ________.
A)shared expenses;less income
B)autonomous decision-making;lack of intimacy
C)emotional distance;lack of involvement
D)shared experiences;lack of self-knowledge
Q5) A type of love that is characterized by an individual's desire to have the other person near and to share a deep,caring relationship with the other person.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Greta is 55 years old.If she had been born a century earlier and destined to turn 55 in the year 1900,by that year she would probably have been:
A)deceased.
B)in good health.
C)in middle adulthood.
D)in later adulthood.
Q2) In 1933,this theorist referred to midlife as "the afternoon of life."
Q3) A kind of (adult)intelligence that consists of one's ability to reason abstractly.
Q4) Disorders that are characterized by slow onset and long duration.They are rare in early adulthood,they increase during middle adulthood,and they become common in late adulthood.
Q5) Forty-five-year-old Angie loves going to the symphony,but she has been complaining that lately the basses and cellos are overwhelming the violins and flutes.Angie may be experiencing the middle-age decline in her:
A)sensitivity to low-pitched sounds.
B)hearing attention span.
C)sensitivity to high-pitched sounds.
D)sensitivity to middle-pitched sounds.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erik Erikson,this is the seventh stage of development that is experienced by middle-aged adults
Q2) According to Costa and McCrae's study on adult personality development,the superfactor called extraversion was complex for older adults until it was divided into two sub-traits.They are:
A)extraversion and introversion.
B)being closed and being open.
C)agreeableness and disagreeableness.
D)social dominance and social vitality
Q3) The main reason that some children delay leaving home until early adulthood is that:
A)their parents encourage them to stay home to "keep the nest full."
B)they need their parents' emotional support.
C)they do not have enough money to live on their own.
D)they need to stay in school longer to acquire career skills.
Q4) Stages of adulthood in the Gusii culture of Kenya are defined by:
A)the person's age.
B)events in a person's life.
C)the evaluations of the elders within the culture.
D)the type of midlife crisis the person experiences.
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The percentage of older men who hold full-time jobs has:
A)steadily increased since 1900.
B)remained the same since 1900.
C)increased dramatically since 1900.
D)decreased dramatically since 1900.
Q2) List several of the changes in one's appearance that may occur as we age,along with some suggestions of how to reduce or limit these changes.
Q3) After about age 60,individuals:
A)lose weight and get shorter.
B)gain weight and get shorter.
C)lose weight and remain the same in height.
D)remain the same in height and lose weight.
Q4) Ricardo's physician tells him that he has high blood pressure and will need to start taking a new medication.Given what we know about the diagnosis of treatable high blood pressure,we know that Ricardo's reading must be at least:
A)120/80.
B)150/85.
C)160/90.
D)180/120.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Late
Adulthood
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79 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to some research,older adults (35 to 84 years of age)focus on ________ whereas the oldest adults (85 to 105 years of age)tend to focus on _______.
A)family;thinking about life
B)friends;family
C)cognitive fitness;physical fitness
D)family;health
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of divorce on older people noted by your author?
A)a loss of connection with social support systems
B)a weakening of kinship ties
C)a loss of financial resources
D)an increase in physical health problems
Q3) What double jeopardy do elderly women face?
A)ageism and poverty
B)ageism and abuse
C)ageism and sexism
D)sexism and poverty
Q4) The process of looking back at one's life experiences,evaluating them,interpreting them,and often reinterpreting them.
Page 19
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Chapter 17: Death, Dying, and Grieving
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Q1) Germain has signed an advance directive.This means that:
A)his physician will not use means to prolong his life when death is imminent.
B)he has given his immediate family legal control over his care.
C)he has authorized his family to engage in active euthanasia.
D)he has ordered his physician to do everything possible to keep him alive.
Q2) In the Gond culture of India,death is believed to be caused by:
A)magic and demons.
B)natural causes.
C)a supreme being.
D)selective fate.
Q3) An advance directive/living will must be signed when:
A)at least two medical professionals are present.
B)a doctor and a lawyer are present.
C)an individual is told he or she has a life-threatening condition.
D)an individual is still able to think clearly.
Q4) The ________ portions of the brain often die sooner than the ________ portions.
A)lower;higher
B)lower;middle
C)higher;lower
D)All portions of the brain die at the same time.
Page 20
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