Psychology of Aging
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Psychology of Aging explores the mental, emotional, and behavioral changes that occur as individuals age. This course examines the cognitive, social, and psychological processes, such as memory, intelligence, identity, and adaptability, that accompany aging. Students analyze theories of aging, evaluate age-related disorders, and investigate factors that promote optimal mental health in later life. Emphasis is placed on the interplay between biological, environmental, and cultural influences on the experiences of older adults, preparing students to understand and address the unique challenges and opportunities presented by an aging population.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development 5th Canadian Edition by Denise Boyd
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19 Chapters
1981 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts and Methods
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91 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Canadian psychologists were very active during World War II, performing numerous consultation and training functions for the British government and the war effort that included all of the following EXCEPT
A) personnel selection
B) recruitment
C) public opinion management
D) discipline strategies
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a key feature of an experimental study?
A) an independent variable
B) subjects in a control group
C) controls for cohort effects
D) subjects in an experimental group
Answer: C
Q3) The term "development" now encompasses the entire lifespan rather than just childhood and adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gene expression is controlled through dominant-recessive patterns of inheritance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) _______ are organic compounds that form the core structural elements of muscle, brain, and bone in the human body.
A) Genes
B) Chromosomes
C) Amino acids
D) Proteins
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is a way to achieve a sense of generativity?
A) quitting your job because you are not able to get along with your new boss
B) caring for elderly parents
C) leaving your partner because he or she is abusive
D) retiring from a long-held occupation or career
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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112 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true regarding women over age 35 and multiple births?
A) Women over age 35 are more likely to conceive and produce multiple births only if they have taken fertility drugs.
B) Women over age 35 are more likely to conceive and produce multiple births only if the person who fathered the child is over age 50.
C) Women over age 35 are more likely than younger women to experience difficulty becoming pregnant.
D) Women over age 35 are more likely to produce multiple births only if they have conceived through in vitro fertilization.
Answer: C
Q2) As fetal brain development progresses, neuron cell bodies permanently relocate to designated areas of the brain through a process called
A) neuronal proliferation.
B) neuron migration.
C) neuronal transplanting.
D) neuron resettlement.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The infant's sense that may well be the best developed of all is A) smell.
B) sight.
C) touch.
D) hearing.
Q2) Research indicates that newborns have not developed their sense of smell and taste because they cannot differentiate between the four basic flavours of normal, sweet, sour, and bitter.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Normal visual acuity in adults is 20/20; infants are not that far off with 20/40 vision. A)True
B)False
Q4) The persistence of the Moro and Babinski reflexes past approximately six months of age may indicate the existence of some type of neurological problem.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many theories have been presented to explain the nature of language development in childhood. Which of the following perspectives is NOT one of them?
A) behaviourist view
B) naturalistic view
C) nativist view
D) constructivist view
Q2) The most widely used test of infant intelligence is called
A) Bayley Scales of Infant Development
B) APGAR scales of development
C) Nativisms IQ Scale
D) Butler Scales of Infant Development
Q3) Current research methods use _________ to study object permanence in infants.
A) brain imaging
B) motor skill development
C) computer simulations
D) visual response tracking
Q4) An infant of 2 months of age will not look for her bottle if it accidentally rolls away.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Juan is 16 months old and meeting his uncle for the first time. His uncle reaches for him, but Juan clings to his mother and refuses to let go. Juan is most likely experiencing A) separation anxiety.
B) stranger anxiety.
C) social referencing.
D) avoidant attachment.
Q2) Your friend Saeed, age 25, says that he often felt like the parent in his family when he was a child. While he tries hard to please his family, he is very angry at his parents for failing to be the parents he needed. Using the terminology psychologists have developed to classify the security or insecurity of an adult's attachment to his parents, Saeed's attachment most likely would be classified as
A) ambivalent
B) dismissing/detached
C) disorganized
D) insecure/dependent and imbalanced
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8
Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term ________ is used to describe a child's sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to her language.
A) "dialogic sensitivity"
B) "operational efficiency"
C) "oral inflection"
D) "phonological awareness"
Q2) A child's ability to think about or evaluate the quality of her thinking is
A) critical thinking.
B) conservation.
C) metacognition.
D) intelligence.
Q3) The inability of adults and older children to remember more than a few events that took place before 3 years of age is known as theory of mind.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Using language as a guide to problem solving is called metacognition.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
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125 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children who are raised by gay or lesbian parents typically develop gay or lesbian sex-role identities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ability to label one's own gender correctly and to identify others as men and women is called "gender stability."
A)True
B)False
Q3) In early childhood, the developmental process associated with the development of an emotional self is
A) learning to control one's emotions.
B) acquiring complex emotions, such as shame or embarrassment.
C) learning to differentiate and understand one's own emotions.
D) becoming experienced at recognizing other people's emotions.
Q4) A large number of children aged 4 to 6 bully other children.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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106 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Alec understands class inclusion, then he understands
A) what grade he will be in at school.
B) conservation of volume.
C) that the task of cleaning his room also includes taking his dirty clothes to the laundry.
D) that squirrels are mammals and that mammals are animals.
Q2) Most developmental psychologists agree that the basis of children's cognitive development is
A) the capacity of long-term memory.
B) the ability to develop and employ rules and strategies for problem-solving.
C) increases in processing efficiency with age.
D) the age at which executive processes are developed.
Q3) Which psychologist does not belong with the others in this list?
A) Robert Sternberg
B) Jean Piaget
C) Howard Gardner
D) Daniel Goleman
Q4) Boys tend to achieve fine motor coordination more rapidly than girls do.
A)True
B)False
11
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Boys' friendship groups
A) tend to be larger.
B) tend to roam around the neighbourhood.
C) focus on competition and dominance.
D) are all of the above.
Q2) Ten-year-old Amandeep is described by her family and friends as affectionate, trusting, kind, and sympathetic. Amandeep most likely demonstrates the personality trait known as
A) openness.
B) extraversion.
C) agreeableness.
D) conscientiousness.
Q3) Kristin describes her friend as kind, loyal, and the smartest student in their class. Based on this description, what age group does Kristin likely belong to?
A) preschool
B) early childhood
C) preadolescent
D) adolescent
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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99 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about adolescent sexual activity is NOT true?
A) Alcohol use is associated with 22% of adolescent sexual encounters.
B) Among girls, those who are sexually active are more likely to have had early menarche.
C) Of the students using contraception, more use the birth control pill than use condoms.
D) Teens who are involved in sports or after-school activities have lower rates of sexual activity than teens who do not participate in such activities.
Q2) The high rate of suicide among Aboriginal youth is a very recent phenomenon.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The general pattern of adolescent pregnancy is that
A) the rate of births to married teenagers has increased in the last four decades.
B) pregnancy is most likely to happen after a girl leaves high school.
C) the teenaged pregnancy rate has steadily increased since the 1960s.
D) the highest rate of teenaged pregnancy is among girls under the age of 15.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peer influences and parenting style are two socializing factors that predict youth crime rates.
A)True
B)False
Q2) At Kohlberg's ______ level of moral reasoning, the standards the child uses to judge right and wrong are external, based on superior sources of authority, and determined by the outcome or consequences.
A) universal ethics
B) conventional morality
C) preconventional morality
D) principled morality
Q3) The parenting style that elicits the most favourable school outcomes and psychological adjustment for teenagers is the ________ style.
A) egalitarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) authoritarian
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two key organs in the body's immune system are the thymus gland and white blood cells.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Middle-aged women are more likely to be abused than women in any other age group.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to researchers, which of the following factors is NOT identified as causing a negative effect upon immune system functioning across adulthood?
A) psychological stress and depression
B) life experiences that demand high levels of change and adaptation
C) excessive exercise and physical exertion
D) chronic stress
Q4) Canada has the highest proportion of college and university graduates combined in the world.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologist Jeffrey Arnett has proposed that the educational, social, and economic demands that modern cultures make on young adults have given rise to a new developmental period called delayed adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A useful strategy for coping with conflict between work and family life is
A) crisis management.
B) rationalization.
C) family discussions.
D) cognitive restructuring.
Q3) According to research, __________ is/are the most common symptom likely to be experienced by recently separated or divorced adults.
A) automobile accidents
B) feelings of failure
C) depression
D) weight loss
Q4) Women feel more conflict between family and work roles than men.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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106 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What appears to be the primary cause of menopause in women?
A) decreasing estrogen levels
B) increasing testosterone levels
C) cessation of ova production
D) increasing estrogen levels
Q2) The rates of chronic diseases and disabilities (diabetes, arthritis) among middle-age adults have risen significantly since the 1970s.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A man's life expectancy is greater than a woman's.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What do experts believe causes the menstrual irregularity associated with the premenopausal phase of menopause?
A) hot flashes
B) fluctuations in estrogen production
C) decreased progesterone
D) stress and fatigue
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the term "sandwich generation" refer to?
A) mid-life childless couples whose career demands conflict with their desire to spend time with their family
B) middle-aged adults who provide assistance to both their children and their aging parents
C) middle-aged workers who find themselves trapped between dissatisfaction with their job and financial obligations to their family
D) two-income families where the family members' busy schedules mean that meals are seldom eaten together as a family
Q2) George feels that he is making a valuable contribution to society by bringing up his children to the best of his ability as well as by volunteering as a Big Brother to kids in his community. George feels he has acquired
A) a mid-life crisis.
B) generativity.
C) his role a parent.
D) a sense of role transitions.
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18
Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would NOT be recommended by gerontologists as a means of preventing depression among elders?
A) mental exercises to increase synaptic plasticity
B) assistance with maintaining religious faith and practice
C) activities to increase social involvement, such as interacting with children
D) treatments and strategies to help older adults improve their health
Q2) Alzheimer's patients tend to show an increased level of dependency and clinginess, and may also have angry outbursts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Among older adults, the strongest predictor for depression is poor health.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Older adults do not perform as well on remembering everyday tasks such as
A) remembering the main points of a story or newspaper article.
B) recalling conversations.
C) remembering whether they did something.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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110 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the greatest obstacles to employment for older adults is that many potential employers express concerns about older adults' ability to learn new job skills.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The successful aging paradigm is a new form of ageism targeting older adults who suffer from disabilities and obvious outward signs of aging.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Among unattached seniors, women are less likely to be poor than men.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In late adulthood, the typical expectation is that a man will live alone for a number of years before he enters a nursing home, and a woman will live with her spouse until she dies.
A)True
B)False
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Death, Dying, and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important factor to consider in assessing pathological grief is
A) the gender of the person who is grieving.
B) the person's cultural rules and practices related to grief.
C) the absence of grief symptoms.
D) the age of the person who is grieving.
Q2) Middle-aged and older adults who continue to be preoccupied with the past are more likely to be fearful and anxious about death.
A)True
B)False
Q3) More adolescents believe in life after death than older adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Fear of death is most common among
A) those who are uncommitted to any religious or philosophical tradition.
B) those who are totally irreligious or agnostic.
C) those who believe in a concept of hell or extreme punishment.
D) those who are deeply religious and attend religious services regularly.
Q5) A person is legally dead if they are clinically dead.
A)True
B)False
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