Psychology of Adjustment Final Exam Questions - 14792 Verified Questions

Psychology of Adjustment Final Exam Questions

Course Introduction

Psychology of Adjustment explores the processes by which individuals cope with challenges, stressors, and changes in their lives. The course examines theories and research related to adaptation, resilience, and personal growth, with an emphasis on understanding psychological well-being and effective coping strategies. Topics include self-concept, motivation, interpersonal relationships, life transitions, and the impact of culture on adjustment. Through case studies and experiential activities, students will learn techniques to foster mental health, manage stress, and enhance overall life satisfaction.

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Psychology Modules for Active Learning 13th Edition by Dennis Coon

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82 Chapters

14792 Verified Questions

14792 Flashcards

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Introduction

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Sample Questions

Q1) In addition to the Survey Questions that are repeated throughout each module to help students recognize key topics,there are other questions that appear before some of the paragraphs and are similar to questions that students like to ask themselves as they read this textbook.These questions that appear before some paragraphs are called

A)dialogue questions.

B)sequential reflections.

C)running glossaries.

D)keyword questions.

Answer: A

Q2) Which of the following consist of randomized questions made up of question types on which a student originally scored 80 percent or less?

A)Aplia's My Practice Reviews

B)StudyTech's Knowledge Builders

C)Brainwaves Review Questions

D)Modules Self-Reflect Questions

Answer: A

Q3) People who are active,reflective listeners skillfully gather ideas and avoid _______.

Answer: distractions

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3

Chapter 2: How to Study Psychology

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Sample Questions

Q1) Every fourth or fifth module in the textbook consists of practical ideas for relating psychology to the student's own life.This special module is entitled

A)Critical Thinking.

B)Human Diversity.

C)The Clinical File.

D)Psychology in Action.

Answer: D

Q2) PsycINFO is offered by the American Psychological Association (APA)and provides summaries of the scientific and scholarly literature in psychology.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

Q3) In the psychology textbook,a running glossary is located

A)at the beginning of each module.

B)at the end of each module.

C)near the end of the book.

D)in the lower right-hand corner of the module pages.

Answer: D

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4

Chapter 3: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

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Sample Questions

Q1) An expert tells you that "you can catch a cold by not wearing a coat when it is cold." If you are a critical thinker,you would

A)accept his statement since you remember catching a cold after you forgot your coat.

B)accept his statement because it is based on commonsense reasoning.

C)ask him to list additional experts that support his theory.

D)ask to see the empirical evidence that supports his theory.

Answer: D

Q2) Overt behavior includes

A)anything a person does.

B)things a person does,which cannot be seen by others.

C)only those things that can be observed.

D)hidden,private,and internal thoughts.

Answer: C

Q3) Which of the following are types of superstitions?

A)psychodynamic theories

B)pseudopsychologies

C)structuralism and functionalism

D)humanistic theories

Answer: B

Page 5

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Chapter 4: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

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Sample Questions

Q1) The domestication of various species of animals would be of primary importance to which area of specialization in psychology?

A)comparative

B)developmental

C)environmental

D)forensic

Q2) Regarding specialties in psychology,clinical and counseling psychologists comprise about what proportion of all American psychologists?

A)25 percent

B)38 percent

C)59 percent

D)75 percent

Q3) Token economies within institutions that utilize tangible rewards for appropriate behaviors and a loss of privileges for inappropriate behaviors would be an important area of study for

A)comparative psychologists.

B)learning theorists.

C)biopsychologists.

D)psychologists investigating sensation and perception.

Page 6

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Chapter 5: Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

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Sample Questions

Q1) In a research study,when the subjects do not know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group,but the experimenters do know,the study is called a(n) ______ experiment.

A)single-blind

B)double-blind

C)independent

D)dependent

Q2) In an experiment,the people whose behavior is investigated

A)are called the experimental subjects.

B)are called the participants.

C)make up the experimental and control groups.

D)are characterized by all of these.

Q3) An experiment is performed to test the effects of sleep deprivation on rote memory.In this experiment,the dependent variable is the A)number of hours subjects go without sleep.

B)rote memory scores.

C)number of subjects deprived of sleep in the experimental group.

D)correlation between hours of sleep and fatigue.

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Chapter 6: Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental

Research Methods

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Sample Questions

Q1) In a positive correlation,decreases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other measure.

A)True

B)False

Q2) In observing the changes in their clients during therapy,psychologists often believe they get better results when using the type of therapy they favor.This illustrates the A)Barnum effect.

B)observer effect.

C)observer bias.

D)anthropomorphic error.

Q3) My cat knows when I am upset and comes and comforts me.In psychology this is an example of A)psychological personification.

B)the observer effect.

C)the biopsychology effect.

D)the anthropomorphic error.

Q4) Discuss the survey method,including when it is used,how it is conducted,its advantages and limitations,and the increasing use of Internet surveys.

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Chapter 7: Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

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Sample Questions

Q1) After seeing a friend of yours being uncharacteristically quiet,you decide that your friend must be depressed.You later find out that your friend is not depressed but sleepy from staying up all night working on a term paper.You made this error because you failed to distinguish between observation and inference.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Incredible but false stories posted on the Internet,such as "The Health Department in Oregon Looking for Someone Fluent in the Fictional Language of Klingon," illustrates the need for readers to always

A)be skeptical.

B)be wary of overly complex explanations.

C)remember that truth is often stranger than fiction.

D)consider that numerous postings of information on the Internet are required to establish proof.

Q3) Because reports in the popular media tend to be made uncritically and with a definite bias toward reporting "astonishing" findings and telling interesting stories,a critical reader must be _______.

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Page 9

Chapter 8: Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

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Sample Questions

Q1) Your instructor announces a "pop" test.You have not read the Chapter yet.Your heart and breathing rate increases,and your mouth becomes dry.Which nervous system was responsible for this reaction?

A)sympathetic

B)parasympathetic

C)somatic

D)central

Q2) The whitish,fatty substance that surrounds some axons and aids conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called A)myelin.

B)neurilemma.

C)synaptic vesicles.

D)neurotransmitters.

Q3) The soma is the part of the nerve cell that A)transmits information to the next neuron. B)collects and combines incoming information.

C)carries nerve impulses over large distances.

D)forms branching connections at the end of each axon.

Q4) The cell body of a neuron is also called the _______.

Q5) The brain and spinal cord make up the _______ nervous system.

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Chapter 9: Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

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Sample Questions

Q1) Many techniques have been developed to help identify brain structures and the functions they control.These research techniques are part of the basic research strategy known as

A)constraint-induced analysis.

B)localization of function.

C)neuroplastic analysis.

D)functional lateralization.

Q2) Computed tomographic (CT)scanning involves

A)a specialized type of X-ray.

B)the detection,amplification,and recording of electrical activity in the brain.

C)the use of a magnetic field to develop an image of the brain.

D)a computer-generated image of brain activity based on glucose consumption in the brain.

Q3) When a researcher tries to identify which structures in the brain control specific psychological or behavioral functions,such as recognizing faces or moving the hands,the basic research strategy is called

A)localization of function.

B)constraint-induced analysis.

C)extrapolated functional analysis.

D)neuroplasticity.

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Chapter 10: Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

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Sample Questions

Q1) Wernicke's area is located in the _______ lobe.

A)right frontal

B)right temporal

C)left frontal

D)left temporal

Q2) Judging time and rhythm and coordinating the order of complex movements,such as those needed for speech,are special skills of the

A)right hemisphere.

B)left hemisphere.

C)corpus callosum.

D)limbic system.

Q3) Perry is undergoing a surgical procedure in which the bridge of nerve tissue between his right and left hemispheres will be severed.This bridge of nerve tissue is called the _______.

Q4) One's reasoning and planning ability are centered within which lobes of the brain?

A)parietal

B)occipital

C)temporal

D)frontal

To

Chapter 11: Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

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Sample Questions

Q1) The adrenal medulla secretes

A)corticoids.

B)epinephrine and norepinephrine.

C)melatonin.

D)oxytocin.

Q2) The control of vital bodily functions,such as heart rate and breathing,is carried out primarily by the part of the hindbrain known as the _______.

Q3) Hunger,thirst,sleep,attention,sex,breathing,and many other vital functions are controlled by parts of the A)subcortex.

B)corpus callosum.

C)cerebral cortex.

D)prefrontal cortex.

Q4) Basic functions of the brain include which of the following?

A)maintaining vital bodily functions and controlling muscles

B)creating consciousness and regulating itself

C)keeping track of the external world and responding to current needs

D)all of these

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Chapter 12: Psychology in Action: Handedness

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Sample Questions

Q1) Throughout history,a notable number of artists have been lefties.This advantage of using the left hand for drawing or painting occurs because the right hemisphere is superior in A)focusing on details.

B)imagery and visual abilities.

C)sequential processing.

D)all of these skills.

Q2) Clear hand preferences have been shown in fetal ultrasound images. A)True

B)False

Q3) Compared to right-handed people,left-handed people,in general, A)have more difficulty learning math and in visualizing three-dimensional objects. B)experience more language loss and recover more slowly from brain injuries. C)perform poorer in the sports of boxing,fencing,handball,and tennis. D)have milder lateralization and are more symmetrical in their brain size and shape.

Q4) The best evidence to date shows that left-handedness is more common in males and is influenced by a single gene on the _______ chromosome.

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Chapter 13: Human Development: Heredity and Environment

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Sample Questions

Q1) If an unborn child is exposed to X-rays,PCBs,or drugs taken by the mother,the child could be born with a

A)genetic defect.

B)congenital problem.

C)cephalocaudal pattern problem.

D)proximodistal pattern problem.

Q2) Current guidelines suggest that toilet training goes most smoothly when begun between _______ months of age.

A)nine and 12

B)12 and 16

C)18 and 24

D)30 and 42

Q3) Rats raised in environments that had cages decorated with colorful patterns and filled with platforms,ladders,and cubbyholes

A)became confused and withdrawn.

B)became more aggressive and territorial in their behavior.

C)developed a larger,heavier brain with a thicker cortex.

D)were no different in physical or behavioral characteristics than the rats raised in the standard laboratory cages.

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Chapter 14: Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

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Sample Questions

Q1) The storm of crying,or bedtime distress,that sometimes occurs when babies are left alone at night can be considered a mild form of

A)separation anxiety.

B)social referencing.

C)egocentrism.

D)insecure-avoidant attachment.

Q2) A style of attachment that is marked by mixed feelings about love and friendship is referred to as a(n) _______ attachment style.

A)ambivalent

B)avoidant

C)secure

D)independent

Q3) The attachment study of infant monkeys to wire and cloth surrogates suggested that the source of food is the most important factor in attachment.

A)True

B)False

Q4) According to many researchers,the only emotion newborn infants clearly express is general _______.

Page 16

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Chapter 15: Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

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Sample Questions

Q1) During the formal operations stage,children begin to A)accurately use concepts of time,space,and number.

B)think primarily about concrete objects or situations.

C)develop the concept of object permanency.

D)think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities.

Q2) Which of the following ages has been referred to as the "age of reason," because there is a definite trend toward more logical,adult-like thought after this age?

A)five

B)seven

C)ten

D)twelve

Q3) Through such games as "I'm­Going­To­Get­You," adults and babies come to share similar rhythms and expectations that help to create a system that includes touching,vocalizing,gazing,and smiling,which are referred to as shared A)signals.

B)transformations.

C)telegraphic speech. D)semantics.

Q4) The false-belief task is used to assess whether a child has developed _______.

Page 17

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Chapter 16: Human Development: Adolescence and

Adulthood

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Sample Questions

Q1) Using a story such as "The Porcupine and the Moles," Gilligan was able to demonstrate that

A)Kohlberg's moral classification system is concerned mainly with the ethics of justice.

B)boys tend to use ethics involving care and responsibility to solve the problem in the story.

C)girls tend to choose a solution based on justice to solve the problem in the story.

D)all of these statements were true.

Q2) Regarding adult development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Only about 25 percent of men and women believe they have experienced a midlife crisis.

B)It is more common to "survive a crisis" at midlife than it is to make a "midcourse correction."

C)Difficult turning points in life can serve as "wake­up calls" that create opportunities for personal growth.

D)Reviewing past choices to prepare for the future is helpful at any age.

Q3) According to Ryff,autonomy (personal freedom),self-acceptance,and environmental mastery are three of the six elements of _____ during adulthood.

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Page 18

Chapter 17: Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

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Q1) According to your textbook,the finding that more educated people tend to be a little happier than the less educated appears to occur because higher education generally results in

A)better health and a longer life.

B)more hobbies and leisure time.

C)higher income and more social status.

D)more personal accomplishments and a diversity of interests.

Q2) There is a small but positive association between happiness and holding spiritual beliefs.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Less educated people tend to be a little happier than the people who are more educated.

A)True B)False

Q4) Some people are more temperamentally disposed to be happy,regardless of life events.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 18: Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

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Q1) If you do not hear the traffic outside your psychology class because you are engrossed in the lecture,then you are exhibiting selective attention.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A researcher presents a blindfolded subject with a sweet liquid and then adds a drop of sweetener to the liquid and has the subject taste it.This process continues until the subject tells the researcher that the liquid tastes "sweeter." Regarding the sense of taste,this researcher is seeking the _____ threshold.

A)absolute

B)subliminal

C)phosphene

D)difference

Q3) Discuss the process of sensory analysis,and explain how it is both innate and influenced by early experiences by describing the studies conducted by Blakemore and Cooper.

Q4) The science of measuring changes in physical stimuli and relating them to changes in psychological sensations is called __________.

Q5) Light sensations caused by pressure applied to the eye are referred to as _____.

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Chapter 19: Sensation and Perception: Vision

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Sample Questions

Q1) The brain separates images into "either­or" messages of red­green,blue­yellow,or black­white according to which theory of color vision?

A)opponent-process

B)trichromatic

C)accommodation

D)gate control

Q2) A receiver runs down field,turns,and focuses on the tiny "missile" spiraling down to him.This receiver's ability to see the football emphasizes his excellent visual acuity due to the fovea of his eyes having a large concentration of A)rods.

B)cones.

C)phosphenes.

D)stereocilia.

Q3) The afterimages you have seen after looking at a flashbulb are a result of the visual pigments in the retina

A)recombining.

B)multiplying.

C)bleaching.

D)becoming more sensitive.

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Chapter 20: Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

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Q1) The illusory sensation that an arm or leg still exists after it is lost through accident or amputation is known as

A)amputation psychosis.

B)psychosomatic pain.

C)phantom limb sensation.

D)the delusional pain effect.

Q2) According to the place theory of hearing,high tones cause the greatest movement of hair cells near the

A)narrow outer tip of the cochlea.

B)base of the cochlea.

C)narrow outer tips of the tympanic membrane.

D)base of the tympanic membrane.

Q3) Which of the following can improve hearing for those with a sensorineural loss by bypassing the hair cells and directly stimulating the auditory nerve?

A)cochlear implant

B)hearing aid

C)biofeedback technique

D)decibel enhancer

Q4) The stapes is attached to a membrane on the cochlea called the _______.

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Chapter 21: Sensation and Perception: Perceptual

Processes

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Sample Questions

Q1) When two images are fused into one overall image,a three-dimensional sight occurs,which is referred to as A)accommodation.

B)convergence.

C)linear perspective.

D)stereoscopic vision.

Q2) According to the Gestalt psychologists,the simplest perceptual organization is A)shape constancy.

B)depth perception.

C)figure-ground.

D)size constancy.

Q3) The monocular depth cue that involves the bending of the lens to focus on nearby objects is called A)retinal disparity.

B)aerial perspective.

C)accommodation.

D)convergence.

Q4) Gina finds a plain brown box in which there are many puzzle pieces.She begins putting these pieces together without knowing what this puzzle will "become." She is using _______ processing.

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Chapter 22: Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

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Q1) Regarding how they perceive the world,European Americans tend to A)focus on personal relationships and social responsibilities.

B)be collectivist.

C)explain actions in terms of internal factors.

D)look at the social context in determining the causes of actions.

Q2) Concerning eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)More than 300 people who were convicted of murder,rape,and other crimes in the United States based on eyewitness testimony have been exonerated by DNA testing.

B)An eyewitness's perception and memory for an event may be affected by his or her attitudes and expectations.

C)Our everyday perceptions are rarely as inaccurate or distorted as those of an emotional eyewitness to a crime.

D)Personal objectivity requires frequent reality testing to maintain.

Q3) An eyewitness's confidence is a good predictor that the testimony will be accurate.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Describe five ways that one's perceptual accuracy can be enhanced.

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Chapter 23: Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

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Q1) Some of Rhine's most dramatic early experiments used badly printed Zener cards that allowed the symbols to show faintly on the back.

A)True

B)False

Q2) If a"psychic" begins a "reading" by making general statements about a person and then plays "hot and cold" by attending to the person's facial expressions,body language,or tone of voice in order to continue or drop a line of thought,the psychic is using a set of techniques known as _______.

Q3) Gil is watching a demonstration in which a man is attempting to use "mind over matter" in order to bend some spoons.Gil is watching a demonstration of the purported psi ability known as

A)telepathy.

B)precognition.

C)clairvoyance.

D)psychokinesis.

Q4) Discuss how the field of parapsychology has been affected by fraud,poorly designed experiments,inconsistency in results,and chance occurrences,or coincidence.

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Page 25

Chapter 24: Consciousness: States of Consciousness

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Q1) Which of the following is a mental exercise for producing relaxation or heightened nonjudgmental awareness?

A)REM rebound

B)imagery rehearsal

C)meditation

D)depersonalization

Q2) What do a group of street musicians smoking a joint and singing for spare change and a college student drifting into a pleasant daydream while sitting at the back of the classroom have in common? Both are

A)living through the third-person experience.

B)experiencing different states of consciousness.

C)undergoing condensation of their mental processes.

D)exhibiting histrionic personalities.

Q3) In which area has research shown hypnosis to be most effective?

A)alterning sensations

B)decreasing the number of false memories of eyewitnesses

C)producing superhuman strength

D)providing valid regression to childhood for use in therapy

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Chapter 25: Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

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Q1) Freud's dream theory is based on the assumption that the true meaning of a dream is found in its _______ content.

A)latent

B)manifest

C)REM

D)lucid

Q2) Your psychology instructor states that during a night of sleep,a person goes through cycles of light and deep sleep,while also experiencing bodily changes.Using a description of the stages of NREM and REM,describe a night of sleep,including the type of brain waves present and the characteristics of each NREM stage and the characteristics of REM sleep.

Q3) If parents have a premature baby who has respiratory problems and vomits often,they should

A)have the infant sleeping with the parents.

B)place the baby on its back.

C)prop the baby up on a small pillow.

D)ask a pediatrician for guidance regarding the sleeping position for this baby.

Q4) Lowering body and brain activity and metabolism during sleep may help conserve energy and lengthen life,according to the _______ theories of sleep.

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Chapter 26: Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

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Q1) Nicotine influences brain activity by mimicking neurotransmitters.Which of the following drugs influence brain activity in a similar way?

A)alcohol

B)cocaine

C)ecstasy

D)opiates

Q2) People who take drugs intravenously are at high risk for A)addiction.

B)hepatitis.

C)HIV.

D)all of these conditions.

Q3) According to PET scans of the brain,THC receptors are found in large numbers in A)the prefrontal cortex.

B)the hippocampus.

C)the globus pallidus.

D)all of these areas.

Q4) Adderall and Ritalin,two popular "study drugs," that are used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)are both mixtures of _______.

Q5) The resinous material scraped from cannabis leaves is called _______.

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Chapter 27: Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

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Q1) The fresher a dream memory is,the more useful it is likely to be.Nevertheless,the dreamer upon awakening often adds details that make the dream more logical and complete.According to Freud,this dream process is known as A)displacement.

B)secondary elaboration.

C)condensation.

D)symbolization.

Q2) Marty dreams about a strange man standing behind a door.To interpret his dream,Marty speaks aloud to the man,then answers for him,and even speaks for the door,saying "I am a barrier.I keep you safe,but I also keep you locked inside.The stranger has something to tell you.You must risk opening me to learn it." Marty is using the dream analysis technique of A)Ernest Hartmann.

B)Fritz Perls.

C)Sigmund Freud.

D)Stephen LaBerge.

Q3) Explain how collecting and interpreting one's dreams can promote self­awareness,and describe the procedure outlined in your textbook for "catching a dream."

Page 29

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Chapter 28: Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

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Sample Questions

Q1) Violent video games tend to make aggressive behavior more likely because A)repeated exposure to violence sensitizes individuals,making them more likely to react negatively to violence.

B)players may learn to be aggressive in real life by practicing violence against other people within the games.

C)the games arouse an innate aggressive instinct.

D)the games serve as a cathartic outlet for pent-up anger.

Q2) Billy's parents beg him not to smoke,but his parents smoke themselves.If Billy continues to smoke,he has been influenced by A)modeling.

B)the paradoxical intention.

C)negative reinforcement.

D)counter conditioning.

Q3) A behavior that is learned by modeling or observation must be maintained by A)repeated observations of the model.

B)direct chaining of the behaviors.

C)direct reinforcement or feedback of the behavior once it is modeled.

D)positive transfer of the behavior to other new responses.

Q4) Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to _______.

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Chapter 29: Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

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Sample Questions

Q1) One of the most common mistakes people make with pets (especially dogs)is hitting them if they do not come when called.Thus,"calling" the animal becomes which of the following for fear and withdrawal?

A)conditioned stimulus

B)conditioned response

C)unconditioned stimulus

D)unconditioned response

Q2) In its simplest form,classical conditioning depends on

A)instrumental learning.

B)learned fears.

C)unconditioned reflex responses.

D)the consequences of responding.

Q3) In classical conditioning,a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with another stimulus that naturally elicits a reflex response.This neutral stimulus will become known as the

A)unconditioned stimulus.

B)conditioned stimulus.

C)reflexive stimulus.

D)latent stimulus.

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Chapter 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant

Conditioning

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Q1) A few weeks after giving up on buying state lottery tickets,many people are tempted to try again,thus,illustrating the concept of A)spontaneous recovery.

B)stimulus generalization.

C)superstitious behavior.

D)satiation.

Q2) Which of the following concepts explains why young children may temporarily call all men daddy,much to the embarrassment of their parents?

A)latent learning.

B)response chaining.

C)operant stimulus discrimination.

D)operant stimulus generalization.

Q3) Regarding superstitious behavior,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Superstitious behavior is based upon an apparent connection between a response and a reinforcer.

B)Superstitious behavior is due to the occurrence of a spontaneous recovery.

C)Superstitious behavior is observed only in people,not in other animals.

D)Superstitious behaviors are learned patterns of behavior that consistently predict future events.

Page 32

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Chapter 31: Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

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Sample Questions

Q1) Punishers,like reinforcers,are defined by

A)the aversive or positive aspects of the punisher or reinforcer.

B)whether they are administered after desirable or undesirable actions.

C)whether they are administered on a variable or fixed schedule.

D)observing the effects that the punisher or reinforcer have on behavior.

Q2) When using the three tools to control behavior,it is usually best to begin by A)using mild punishment to eliminate any problem behaviors.

B)ignoring a problem behavior,or shifting attention to a desirable activity and then reinforcing the resulting desirable behavior with praise.

C)using severe punishment to eliminate any problem behaviors.

D)suppressing problem behaviors with negative reinforcement.

Q3) Juan is paid $10 for every 15 bags of "nuts and bolts" that he puts together,according to instructions.Juan is on which schedule of reinforcement?

A)fixed interval

B)fixed ratio

C)variable ratio

D)variable interval

Q4) Describe three problems that occur as punishment increases in severity.

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Q5) Time-out is an example of negative punishment,which is also called _______.

Chapter 32: Psychology in Action: Behavioral

Self-Management

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Q1) Any high-frequency response can be used to reinforce a low-frequency response,according to _______ principle.

Q2) Which of the following is NOT a step in the behavioral self-management program discussed in your textbook?

A)choose a target behavior

B)record a baseline

C)choose reinforcing and punishing self-statements

D)adjust your plan as you learn more about your behavior

Q3) Requiring a resistant child to eat half of each of the foods on his dinner plate before receiving a favorite dessert is an example of A)generalized reinforcers.

B)punishment.

C)the Premack principle.

D)the partial reinforcement effect.

Q4) The first step in using "behavioral self­management" is to A)choose reinforcers.

B)establish goals.

C)choose a target behavior.

D)record two baselines.

34

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Chapter 33: Memory: Memory Systems

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Q1) Which type of memory would store BOTH your knowledge of a dog being a vertebrate and a mammal as well as the name of your first dog and the experiences you had with this dog?

A)procedural memory

B)declarative memory

C)iconic memory

D)echoic memory

Q2) Sensory,short-term,and long-term are the three stages of the

A)Atkinson-Schiffrin model of memory.

B)Hobson-McCarley memory model.

C)Melzack-Wall model of memory.

D)Darley­Latané memory model.

Q3) Which of the following was a characteristic of the memories obtained during the brain stimulation experiments?

A)They resembled dreams more than memories.

B)They involved only the person's most recent memories.

C)They involved only visual images,not auditory.

D)They most often involved one's most unpleasant memories.

Q4) Iconic and echoic memories are part of the stage of memory known as _______ memory.

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Chapter 34: Memory: Forgetting

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Q1) Learning to balance and ride a bicycle prior to learning to ride a motorcycle is an example of

A)vicarious learning.

B)latent learning.

C)positive transfer.

D)cognitive restructuring.

Q2) In an effort to recover repressed memories,hypnosis,guided visualizations,suggestion,age regression,and administering the drug Amytal have been used.These and similar techniques can

A)promote memory recovery through long-term potentiation.

B)promote memory recovery through redintegration and dishabituation.

C)can elicit fantasies that are mistaken for real memories.

D)can help the person to separate and clarify real from imagined memories.

Q3) Patterns of blood flow within the brain show that the front of the brain cortex is related more to semantic memory,while the back areas are more associated with episodic memories.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 35: Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

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Q1) LaTanya is taking a discussion test in history and is having trouble remembering some of the important events she needs to discuss.So,she mentally puts herself back in the situation where she learned the information and tries to mentally recreate and relive the learning experience.She then writes everything that she can remember related to this learning experience,even trivial ideas,and also tries to recall the events in a different order and from different points of view.LaTanya is using a strategy that is very similar to a method used to improve eyewitness recall.This method is called the _______.

Q2) If you use flash cards,it would be best to

A)go through the cards in the same order at least three times.

B)set aside any cards that you answer correctly the first time and not include them in future study.

C)look at the first card,move it a few cards back,then a little further back in the stack each time.

D)shuffle the cards each time so that the cards are presented in random order each time.

Q3) Sam studies for 20 minutes,then takes a break,then studies another 20 minutes,and then takes a break,and so on.This pattern of studying is referred to as _______ practice.

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Chapter 36: Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

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Q1) Musicians remember the notes represented by the lines and spaces of the musical staff by learning "F­A­C­E" and "Every Good Boy Does Fine," which are example of the mnemonic device known as _______.

Q2) To remember the Spanish word pajaro means "bird," you can link it to a word in English that it sounds like,such as "parked car­o." Therefore,you might visualize a parked car jam­packed full of birds.You have just used

A)the keyword method.

B)implicit priming.

C)acrostics.

D)eidetic imagery.

Q3) Which of the following suggests that a mnemonic strategy is being used?

A)"Remember that the hippocampus is buried within the temporal lobes."

B)"For Ebbinghaus,picture a house ebbing away."

C)"Try saying to the person,I am curious,how do you spell your name?"

D)"Pay extra attention to the middle portion of a long list."

Q4) In a research study,using the mnemonic of forming a story or a chain has been used successfully in recalling lists of 20 or more items.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 37: Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

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Q1) Tony is using the strong-weak dimension of the semantic differential to rate various advertising words.This dimension is closely related to these words' _______ meaning.

A)disjunctive

B)conjunctive

C)connotative

D)denotative

Q2) An advertisement states that job applicants must have an A.A.degree or two years of experience.This illustrates a __________ concept.

A)prototypical

B)relational

C)conjunctive

D)disjunctive

Q3) Which of the following guides the flow of ideas as one explains how to perform a motor activity,such as playing a guitar?

A)kinesthetic imagery

B)visual assimilation

C)eidetic imagery

D)inductive conceptualization

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Chapter 38: Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

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Q1) The main difference between an expert and a novice chess player is that the expert

A)exhibits an exceptional,photographic-like memory.

B)explores more moves ahead of the novice player.

C)recognizes the best patterns of play.

D)has undergone a general strengthening of the mind.

Q2) A mechanical solution to a problem is one in which

A)the answer is arrived at by using the availability heuristic.

B)the answer is arrived at by intuition.

C)a learned set of rules is used in answering the problem.

D)general and functional techniques are used in answering the problem.

Q3) Psychologist Janet Davidson believes that insight involves the three abilities of selective combination,selective comparison,and selective _______.

Q4) You are asked to multiply a three-digit number and a two-digit number.You follow the steps you were taught in fifth grade,and you correctly answer the problem.You utilized

A)a heuristic.

B)an algorithm.

C)insight.

D)divergent thinking.

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Chapter 39: Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

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Sample Questions

Q1) Creative persons are unconventional and nonconforming primarily in their work,and otherwise,do not have unusual,outlandish,or bizarre personalities.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Divergent thinking is most associated with A)logic and reasoning.

B)creativity.

C)performance intelligence.

D)verbal intelligence.

Q3) On a creativity test,you are asked to list all the uses of a paper clip.The number of times that you shift from one class of possible uses to another,such as shifting from "jewelry" uses to "electronic" uses would constitute your __________ score.

A)flexibility

B)fluency

C)originality

D)novelty

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Page 41

Chapter 40: Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

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Q1) If you take an IQ test today,the test examiner will convert your relative standing on this test for your age group to a __________ IQ.

A)ratio

B)divergent

C)chronological

D)deviation

Q2) Persons scoring above 130 on IQ tests

A)make up less than one-half of one percent of the population.

B)will usually "fizzle out" as adults.

C)are called "gifted."

D)will be more likely to be emotionally disturbed or unemployed.

Q3) Intellectual disabilities caused by postnatal problems include all of the following EXCEPT

A)malnutrition during early childhood.

B)exposure to lead,PCBs,and other toxins early in childhood.

C)fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

D)living in very poor households where nutrition,intellectual stimulation,medical care,and emotional support may be inadequate.

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Chapter 41: Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

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Q1) Randomly looking up words in a dictionary is a way to seek varied input and enhance creativity,according to creativity researcher __________.

Q2) The tendency to perceive a problem in a way that blinds us to possible solutions is called a mental _______.

Q3) If you are feeling hurried by a sense of time pressure,you are almost always more likely to think more creatively.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Exposing yourself to a wide variety of information is a good way to encourage creativity,which requires _______ thinking.

Q5) In order to arrive at a creative solution to a problem,it is often useful to A)get to the specifics of the problem quickly.

B)define the problem as narrowly as possible.

C)break mental sets and challenge assumptions.

D)discard as many impractical suggestions as quickly as possible.

Q6) Fixations and functional fixedness are specific types of mental sets.

A)True B)False

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Chapter 42: Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is characterized by physiological arousal and changes in facial expressions,gestures,posture,and subjective feelings?

A)motive

B)drive

C)emotion

D)expectation

Q2) The needs that appear to be innate but are not necessary for survival,such as the needs for activity,exploration,manipulation,and physical contact are called _______ motives.

Q3) Regarding moods,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Moods are the most extreme forms of various emotions.

B)Moods are low intensity emotional states.

C)Moods reflect only negative emotions.

D)Moods reflect only positive emotions.

Q4) According to Maslow's theory,the basic needs include all of the following EXCEPT

A)physiological needs.

B)safety needs.

C)self-actualization needs.

D)esteem needs.

Page 44

Q5) The "target" of one's motivated behavior is known as a(n) _______.

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Chapter 43: Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

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Q1) Gabriel goes bungee-jumping,has cage-dived with the great white sharks,and loves riding roller coasters.Gabriel would be described as having the trait of high _______ seeking.

Q2) Approximately 65 percent of adults in the United States are currently overweight and more than one third are obese.

A)True

B)False

Q3) According to the Yerkes-Dodson law,optimum performance on tasks which are simple and direct occurs at levels of arousal that are

A)higher than normal.

B)lower than normal.

C)moderate.

D)almost zero.

Q4) Behavioral dieting includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)exercise.

B)"Yo­yo dieting."

C)keeping a "diet diary."

D)counting calories.

Q5) Taste aversions usually develop through _______ conditioning.

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Chapter 44: Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

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Q1) When Nicole's car skidded out of control on the slippery highway,she experienced physiological arousal,reacted, and felt fear simultaneously.This illustrates which theory of emotion?

A)attribution theory

B)Cannon-Bard theory

C)James-Lange theory

D)Schachter's cognitive theory

Q2) Regarding lies and the polygraph,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)As many as 25 percent of all wrongful convictions include false confessions as evidence.

B)Although the polygraph is popularly known as a lie detector because the police use it for that purpose,in reality,the polygraph is not a lie detector.

C)The polygraph was invented in 1950 by Joseph Wolpe,who also created the comic book character Batman.

D)The word polygraph means "many writings."

Q3) The study of communication through body movement,posture,gestures,and facial expressions is called __________.

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Chapter 45: Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

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Q1) Negative emotions tend to

A)urge us to be creative.

B)broaden our focus.

C)narrow our focus.

D)encourage us to seek new experiences.

Q2) In making the "right" choices in life,emotionally intelligent people typically use extremely rational approaches.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Which statement is TRUE of emotionally intelligent people?

A)Emotionally intelligent people enjoy positive emotions,while treating negative emotions as an unwelcome misery.

B)Emotionally intelligent people who are faced with negative emotions do not seek help or burden others with their problems.

C)Emotionally intelligent people understand that negative emotions can provide valuable and constructive information.

D)Emotionally intelligent people appear to be happier because they have learned to quickly suppress their negative emotions.

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Chapter 46: Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

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Sample Questions

Q1) Differences in neurotransmitter levels have been detected in which part of the brain in homosexual and heterosexual persons?

A)hippocampus

B)hypothalamus

C)thalamus

D)amygdala

Q2) Secondary sexual characteristics include

A)the development of breasts and body shape in the female and changes in hair development and voice in the male.

B)the sexual and reproductive organs in males and females.

C)the development of appropriate sex roles.

D)menarche and menopause in women.

Q3) When a person appears to shift in their sexual behavior from heterosexual to homosexual,it is usually due to the person realizing they have been untrue to themselves or the person being basically bisexual.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Your predominance of androgens or estrogens determines your _______ sex.

Page 48

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Chapter 47: Human Sexuality: Gender Development,

Androgyny, and Gender

Variance

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Q1) In the cases of females exposed to androgens before birth,their tomboyish behavior in childhood and their return to female interests and gender characteristics during adolescence make it clear that

A)prenatal hormones are exclusively responsible for determining one's adult gender identity.

B)later social factors are exclusively responsible for determining one's adult gender identity.

C)both prenatal hormones and later social factors contribute in determining one's adult gender identity.

D)both genetic predisposition and prenatal hormones contribute in determining one's adult gender identity.

Q2) According to the biological biasing effect,men tend to be more "left-brained" and score higher than women on tests of language ability.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The stress associated with a conflict between your personal "reality" and the expectations associated with a gender role is called _______.

Q4) Your personal,private sense of maleness or femaleness is your _______.

Page 49

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Chapter 48: Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

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Sample Questions

Q1) Large doses of alcohol suppress orgasms in women and erections in men.

A)True

B)False

Q2) After going to a movie and dinner,John asks Margo back to his apartment for a drink.While having their drinks,John turns on an "old movie," and they begin kissing.As their romantic encounter begins to intensify,Margo tells John to "stop" several times,but he continues with his advances and has intercourse with Margo.John has

A)committed acquaintance rape.

B)committed second degree rape.

C)not committed rape since Margo voluntarily went back to his apartment.

D)not committed rape since he did not become violent or use a weapon to force her to have intercourse.

Q3) Since urological or gynecological exams rarely result in any sexual arousal and unwanted sexual advances produce only revulsion,it is safe to say that the ultimate erogenous zone in both males and females is the A)entire body.

B)anus.

C)mouth.

D)brain.

Page 50

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Chapter 49: Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

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Q1) According to sex therapist Barry McCarthy,the four elements are necessary for a continuing healthy sexual relationship are valuing one's sexuality,valuing intimacy,feeling that one deserves sexual pleasure,and

Q2) Treatment for male orgasmic disorder usually involves

A)sensate focus and manual stimulation by the man's partner.

B)the squeeze technique.

C)drugs,such as Viagra.

D)systematic desensitization or counterconditioning.

Q3) According to the text,which of the following is part of the guidelines for maintaining a healthy emotional relationship with someone?

A)Try to see things through your partner's eyes.

B)Do not try to win a fight,but resolve differences.

C)Recognize that anger can be appropriate.

D)All of these are part of the guidelines for a healthy relationship.

Q4) Mitzi tends to save up her hurt feelings and complaints and then "dumps" them on her husband during an argument.

Mitzi is exhibiting _______.

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Chapter 50: Personality: Overview of Personality

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Q1) Although recognized in all personality theories,the role of the environment tends to be maximized in

A)the trait theories.

B)the psychoanalytic theory.

C)the humanistic theories.

D)none of these theories.

Q2) Genuine self-esteem is based on which type of appraisal of your strengths and weaknesses?

A)modest

B)balanced

C)accurate

D)high positive

Q3) A bold,outgoing person whose attention is directed outward is referred to as a(n) A)introvert.

B)Type A personality.

C)perceptive type.

D)extrovert.

Q4) In social learning theory,a moral conscience would be represented by the concept of self-_______ .

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Chapter 51: Personality: Trait Theories

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Q1) Historians tell us that all of Abraham Lincoln's personality was dominated by the trait of honesty,which,according to Allport,would mean that this trait is a _______ trait.

A)common

B)cardinal

C)source

D)primary

Q2) Surface and source traits are the trait classifications of A)Julian Rotter.

B)Walter Mischel.

C)Raymond Cattell.

D)Gordon Allport.

Q3) Andrea likes punk rock,has dyed her blonde hair black,and wears a lot of dark eyeliner and white lipstick;thus,according to Allport,these traits would be considered central traits for Andrea.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Describe the trait theory of Eysenck and how it is related to the four basic types of temperament first recognized by the early Greeks.

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Chapter 52: Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic

Theories

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Q1) Which of the following consists of the traits,qualities,potentials,and behavior patterns that are most characteristic of the human species?

A)temperament

B)character

C)human nature

D)self-efficacy

Q2) Our personalities can be shaped by the stories we tell ourselves,according to the _______ approach.

Q3) One's private perceptions of reality,which are perceived and interpreted not always as they really exist,is referred to as one's

A)ego ideal.

B)human nature.

C)subjective experience.

D)self-actualization.

Q4) Essentially,the way to become self-actualized depends on A)a person's inherited potential.

B)the type of occupation a person has.

C)the ability a person has in getting along with others.

D)hard work,patience,and commitment.

54

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Chapter 53: Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning

Theories

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Q1) In comparison of identical twins reared together and identical twins reared apart,it was found that

A)those reared together always have more similar personality traits than those reared apart.

B)those reared apart tend to be completely different from each other in personality traits because they experienced different environments.

C)if one identical twin had a mental illness,the other twin will have the same mental illness,whether reared together or apart.

D)some twins reared apart appeared very similar,while some reared together appeared rather different.

Q2) The hereditary aspects of one's emotional nature,including one's sensitivity,irritability,adaptability,and prevailing mood,are referred to as one's

A)possible self.

B)temperament.

C)character.

D)self-concept.

Q3) The study of inherited behavioral traits and tendencies is called _______.

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Page 55

Chapter 54: Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

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Q1) Shyness is often maintained by unrealistic or self-defeating beliefs.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Uneasiness and strain in socializing is known as

A)social inhibition.

B)private self-consciousness.

C)self-defeating bias.

D)self-efficacy.

Q3) Which of the following would NOT be helpful in reducing one's shyness?

A)composing numerous easy,closed-type questions to ask of others

B)confronting unproductive beliefs

C)using a tape recorder to record several of your conversations in order to listen and improve

D)practicing facial expressions in a mirror

Q4) A proficiency in interacting with others refers to one's _______.

Q5) In starting a conversation,it is best to use a type of question that will gain extra information about the person with whom you are speaking.This type of question is called a(n) _______ question.

Q6) Fears of being inadequate,embarrassed,ridiculed,or rejected by others are referred to as _______ fears.

Page 56

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Chapter 55: Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

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Sample Questions

Q1) A person who has a positive state of subjective well-being has all of the following EXCEPT

A)supportive relationships.

B)meaningful work to do.

C)a clean environment in which to live.

D)a genetic predisposition for wellness.

Q2) A program with the greatest likelihood of success in reducing health risks associated with smoking by young people would use

A)aversive conditioning to stop smoking.

B)attitude-change programs to stop smoking.

C)advertising campaigns to encourage smokers to switch to smokeless tobacco.

D)role-playing to resist peer pressure.

Q3) People who enjoy a positive state of subjective well-being are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT being

A)physically healthy.

B)overly cautious regarding risks.

C)self-confident.

D)able to bounce back emotionally.

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Chapter 56: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

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Q1) Which of the following is a stressful condition that occurs when a person must meet urgent external demands or expectations?

A)conflict

B)frustration

C)pressure

D)burnout

Q2) The first response to frustration is most often

A)aggression.

B)persistence.

C)regression.

D)withdrawal.

Q3) Which of the following would be classified as a personal frustration?

A)You are late to class because you overslept.

B)You are late to class because of a flat tire.

C)You are late to class because of a traffic jam near campus.

D)All of these would be personal frustrations.

Q4) Daily annoyances that are closely linked to one's immediate health and psychological well­being are called hassles, or __________.

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Chapter 57: Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness,

and Depression

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Q1) Melissa has started a new job as a bank teller.The first day,she makes a mistake counting back money to a customer and takes a longer than average time to do every task she is given.She decides that "she is stupid" and will never be able to do this job,so she quits.Melissa would not have quit her job so quickly if she had attributed her failure to

A)the first day jitters.

B)her general lack of preparation for professional work.

C)her immaturity.

D)the other employees being hostile towards her.

Q2) The devastating effects of learned helplessness point out the importance of which of the following in defending against psychological problems?

A)hope

B)trust

C)sublimation

D)primary appraisals

Q3) According to Seligman,learned helplessness results because people learn that they are powerless to avoid punishment.

A)True

B)False

Page 59

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Chapter 58: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

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Q1) Aaron seems to chafe at the normal pace of events and hurries from one activity to another,racing the clock in self-imposed urgency.He fidgets when waiting in line and impatiently interrupts other people to finish their sentences.Aaron is most likely a

A)Type A personality.

B)Type B personality.

C)disease-prone personality.

D)hypochondriac.

Q2) Janine has been experiencing severe headaches and neckaches,fatigue,and insomnia ever since she was promoted to a job that entails more responsibility.If Janine goes to a doctor,the doctor will most likely tell her A)that she has a psychosomatic illness.

B)that her symptoms are all imaginary.

C)that she is becoming a hypochondriac.

D)all of these.

Q3) Ben is described as highly competitive and achievement-oriented but often angry and hostile when things do not go his way.Ben would be described as having a(n) _______ personality.

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Page 60

Chapter 59: Psychology in Action: Stress Management

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Q1) The technique of stress inoculation involves

A)practicing a monologue of internal positive coping statements.

B)submitting people to stressful situations until they are exhausted.

C)the use of sensory deprivation to induce a trance-like state of consciousness.

D)medically-administered ingestion of hormone-reducing drugs.

Q2) You are taking a test and suddenly realize that you are running out of time.Your best course of action is to

A)use negative "self­talk" to speed up your work.

B)do five-minutes of guided imagery.

C)avoid upsetting thoughts and take one question at a time.

D)stop working on the test and say,"Oh,well.There will be other tests.I'll make it up on the next one."

Q3) Self­critical thoughts that directly elevate physical arousal,increase anxiety,and increase one's tendency to make poor decisions are referred to as

A)sublimated statements.

B)negative self-statements.

C)displaced aggression.

D)marginalizing.

Q4) Stress triggers bodily effects,upsetting thoughts,and ineffective _______.

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Chapter 60: Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

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Q1) Regarding the culture-bound syndromes,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Victims believe that advanced cases of koro can cause death.

B)Culture-bound syndromes that involve a fear of shrinking genitals has been reported in South and East Asia and in West Africa.

C)Susto can result in a voodoo death,in which the person is literally scared to death.

D)Men in Malaysia,Laos,the Philippines,and Polynesia who believe they have been insulted develop the condition known as hikikomori.

Q2) Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders involve

A)a loss of contact with reality.

B)amnesia and an unresolved guilt.

C)bodily complaints with a physical cause.

D)unnecessary repetitious behavior.

Q3) In 2011,approximately how many Americans committed suicide?

A)10,000

B)23,000

C)38,000

D)55,600

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Page 62

Chapter 61: Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders,

and Schizophrenia

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Q1) Reverend Johnson has come to believe that he is Elijah reincarnated and has been given a special mission from God to "smite" all the politicians who use the name of God and religion for political gain.The Reverend appears to have which type of delusion?

A)somatic type

B)grandiose type

C)erotomanic type

D)jealous type

Q2) Gabriel's speech tends to be so garbled and chaotic that it sometimes sounds like a "word salad," and she is having problems with thinking,memory,and attention with her emotions ranging from hyperemotional to a flat affect.Gabriel is most likely exhibiting a(n)

A)anxiety attack.

B)nervous breakdown.

C)psychosis.

D)neurosis.

Q3) Patricia believes that her body is "rotting away" on the inside,her hair is falling out,and her skin is completely drying out.Patricia is experiencing the type of delusions known as _______ delusions.

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Chapter 62: Psychological Disorders: Mood Disorders

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Q1) Scientists interested in how brain chemicals and transmitter substances affect mood changes have focused on all of the following EXCEPT

A)serotonin.

B)noradrenaline.

C)acetylcholine.

D)dopamine.

Q2) Marian is very depressed.Her therapist tells her that her anger has been displaced and turned inward as self-blame and self­hate.Marian's therapist has explained Marian's depression,according to the _______ theory.

A)behavioral

B)psychoanalytic

C)existential

D)cognitive

Q3) Typical signs of postpartum depression are

A)mood swings,restlessness,and difficulty concentrating.

B)feelings of inadequacy and an inability to cope with the new baby.

C)despondency and an increased risk of self-harm.

D)all of these.

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Chapter 63: Psychological Disorders: Anxiety-Based

Disorders and Personality Disorders

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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a dissociative disorder?

A)schizophrenia

B)fugue

C)multiple personality

D)amnesia

Q2) Cheyenne's self­image involves the idea that she is highly intelligent.If Cheyenne does poorly in school,she may begin to deny or distort her perceptions of herself and the situation and resort to using defense mechanism to deal with the anxiety.A conversion reaction,anxiety attacks,or similar symptoms may also result from these threats to her self-image.This explanation for Cheyenne's anxiety-related disorder illustrates which psychological approach?

A)humanistic

B)psychodynamic

C)behavioral

D)cognitive

Q3) Acute stress disorder and PTSD can be distinguished from each other by

A)how long the disturbance lasts.

B)the severity of the stress.

C)whether the anxiety is free-floating.

D)whether dissociative behavior is observed.

Page 65

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Chapter 64: Psychology in Action: Suicide

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Q1) What is the best course of action when a person is threatening suicide and has a specific,workable plan?

A)Document the incident in case the situation worsens,but take care not to overreact.

B)Ask the person to accompany you to a mental health clinic or hospital emergency room.

C)Be supportive and try to get day-to-day commitments from the person,such as meeting for lunch.

D)Ignore the threat so that you don't reinforce death­obsessed verbalizations.

Q2) Since emotional pain is what the suicidal person is seeking to escape,the goal of anyone hoping to prevent suicide should be to reduce the person's pain in any way possible.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Discuss why people try to kill themselves by identifying five of the major risk factors or conditions that often lead to suicide,the factor present in 90 percent of all suicides,and five of the warning signs that often signal an impending suicide attempt.

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Chapter 65: Therapies: Treating Psychological Distress

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Q1) In the therapeutic approach known as reality therapy,clients sign contracts in which they agree to make constructive changes in their behavior and relationships.Therefore,reality therapy would best be described as a(n) __________ therapy.

A)action

B)insight

C)nondirective

D)supportive

Q2) Which is NOT a characteristic of all psychotherapies?

A)Therapy provides clients with a new perspective about themselves.

B)The emphasis of all therapies is placed on past experiences.

C)A protected setting is offered for working out problems.

D)A rationale for the client's suffering and a proposed line of action to end the suffering is offered.

Q3) A therapy does not always have to be used to solve problems and crises;it can also be used to

A)help people make use of their personal strengths and for personal growth.

B)"fix weaknesses" that cause "roadblocks" in people's lives.

C)reduce the symptoms of long-standing severe psychotic disorders.

D)"overhaul" the psyche and undo the past.

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Chapter 66: Therapies: Humanistic and Cognitive Therapies

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Q1) An important part of which technique used in existential therapy involves an intense here-and-now encounter between the client and therapist which often brings about an emotional rebirth in which the client discovers the things that are really important in his or her life?

A)transference

B)resistance

C)reflection

D)confrontation

Q2) When Arnold's therapist analyzes Arnold's dream,the hidden,symbolic meaning of Arnold's dream is referred to as the manifest content.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Gestalt therapy differs from both existential and client-centered therapy because Gestalt therapy

A)is the most directive and the least insight-oriented.

B)is the least directive and the most insight-oriented.

C)places greater emphasis on past experiences.

D)places more emphasis on unconscious motives.

Q4) Rational-emotive behavior therapy was developed by _______.

Page 68

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Chapter 67: Therapies: Behavior Therapies

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Q1) Nonreward and time-out are typically used to bring about the A)extinction of maladaptive responses.

B)aversive conditioning of undesirable behaviors.

C)positive reinforcement of target behaviors.

D)negative reinforcement of specific behaviors.

Q2) The concept of reciprocal inhibition refers to the fact that A)fears can be gradually adapted to new situations.

B)the occurrence of one emotional state can prevent the occurrence of another. C)disinhibition works even when a patient vividly imagines steps of the hierarchy.

D)punishment inhibits undesirable responses.

Q3) In order to help a young boy to overcome his fear of dogs,he is shown films of friendly dogs,and later he is exposed to another child playing and petting a friendly dog.This type of therapy is called A)vicarious desensitization.

B)EMDR.

C)transference.

D)rational-emotive behavior therapy.

Q4) The use of classical or operant conditioning to directly alter human responses is known as _______.

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Chapter 68: Therapies: Medical Therapies

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Q1) Somatic therapy includes pharmacotherapy,psychosurgery,and A)eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.

B)REBT.

C)aversion therapy.

D)brain stimulation therapy.

Q2) Pharmacotherapy,brain stimulation therapy,and psychosurgery are the three main types of A)psychotherapy.

B)phototherapy.

C)somatic therapy.

D)physiotherapy.

Q3) Deep brain stimulation (DBS)involves surgically implanting electrodes that allow for electrical stimulation of precisely targeted brain regions.

A)True

B)False

Q4) In prefrontal lobotomy,the corpus callosum is cut to separate the two brain hemispheres.

A)True B)False

Q5) Major tranquilizers are also referred to as _______ drugs.

Page 70

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Chapter 69: Psychology in Action: Self-Management and Seeking Professional Help

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Q1) Therapists at community mental health centers charge

A)$115 an hour,on the average.

B)$40 an hour,on the average.

C)on a sliding scale based on the client's ability to pay.

D)nothing since the therapists are government employees.

Q2) A person can locate a psychotherapist through which of the following?

A)the yellow pages in the phone book

B)mental health associations

C)crisis hotlines

D)all of these

Q3) Many cities have groups organized by concerned citizens that keep listings of qualified therapists and other services and programs in the community,which are called _______ associations.

Q4) When you are using the counseling skill known as reflection,you

A)give feedback by simply restating what was said.

B)ask open-ended questions.

C)encourage catharsis by eliciting defensiveness in the person you are counseling.

D)do all of these.

Page 71

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Chapter 70: Social Psychology: Social Behavior and Cognition

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Q1) Which of the following is NOT an element of group structure? A)roles

B)communication pathways

C)allocation of power

D)social comparisons

Q2) When there is no objective standard,we often turn to and observe others in an effort to evaluate our actions through a process known as social exchange.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Because we seldom know the real reasons for others' actions,we tend to infer causes from A)intuition.

B)objective facts.

C)circumstances.

D)subjective emotions.

Q4) Describe four of the six ways in which attitudes are acquired and give an example of each.

Q5) Overestimating one's chances of being involved in a violent incident is known as the _______.

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Chapter 71: Social Psychology: Social Influence

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Q1) Who is best known for his research on conformity?

A)Solomon Asch

B)Zick Rubin

C)Stanley Schachter

D)Philip Zimbardo

Q2) The power of group sanctions even in temporary groups was illustrated in the experiment by

A)Solomon Asch.

B)Stanley Milgram.

C)Robert Cialdini.

D)David Buss.

Q3) In Nazi Germany,obedient soldiers,who had once been average citizens helped slaughter more than six million people in concentration camps.When confronted with this atrocious act,many of the soldiers rationalized that they were just following orders,that is they

A)exhibited passive compliance to the Nazi command.

B)succumbed to legitimate persuasion from their superiors.

C)exhibited excessive obedience to an authority.

D)exhibited false attribution to their country.

Q4) A special type of conformity to the demands of an authority is known as _______.

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Chapter 72: Social Psychology: Pro-Social Behavior

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Q1) Dana and Jon enjoy spending time together and talking about their future hopes and dreams as well as their concerns.According to Sternberg,their feelings of connectedness and mutual affection for each other is called A)passion.

B)intimacy.

C)commitment.

D)romantic love.

Q2) Imagine standing in line at a store and having a stranger in front of you say,"Lately I have been thinking about how I really feel about myself.I think I am pretty well adjusted,but I occasionally have some questions about my sexual adequacy." This person has just illustrated A)overdisclosure.

B)mutual exchange.

C)social comparison.

D)the actor-observer bias.

Q3) Describe the differing patterns of mate selection for men and women,according to evolutionary psychologists;explain why they believe these differing patterns evolved;and provide a critique of these findings.

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Chapter 73: Social Psychology: Antisocial Behavior

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Q1) Watching violent media on television and in video games tends to inhibit dangerous impulses in viewers because it allows these urges to be released in a safer setting.

A)True

B)False

Q2) In a classic research experiment,intergroup conflict between two groups of boys (the "Rattlers" and the "Eagles")at a summer camp was most efficiently reduced by holding meetings between the leaders of each of the groups.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Regarding stereotypes and prejudice,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Stereotype threat is the anxiety caused by the fear of being judged in terms of a stereotype.

B)Because some elements of prejudice are unconscious,they are very difficult to change.

C)If evidence against their stereotype builds up,the prejudiced person is likely to change his or her stereotyped belief.

D)Stereotypes tend to simplify people into "us" and "them" categories.

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Chapter 74: Psychology in Action: Multiculturalism

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Q1) Openness to the other involves agreeing with a person from another culture regarding their values,beliefs,and behaviors and turning your back on your own culture.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Alma tells a fellow coworker that so many minority group members wouldn't be poor if they weren't so "lazy" and wanted to "live off the government." Alma's prejudiced statement is an example of

A)social competition.

B)multiculturalism.

C)individuating information.

D)a just-world belief.

Q3) English-speaking Canadian students became more positive toward French Canadians and saw themselves as less different from French Canadians when they A)took a class on the history of the French Canadians.

B)participated in a class on multiculturalism that promoted tolerance.

C)were "immersed," that is,spent most of their waking hours with French Canadians. D)were reinforced for tolerant behavior and reprimanded for intolerance.

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Chapter 75: Applied Psychology: Industrialorganizational Psychology

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Q1) Which type of leader assumes people are industrious,creative,and rewarded by challenging work and that workers' needs and goals can be meshed with the company's goals?

A)Type A

B)Type B

C)Theory X

D)Theory Y

Q2) Regarding personnel selection,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The detailed information collected about job applicants is called biodata.

B)Standardized psychological tests are often used in evaluating job candidates.

C)The last step in personnel selection is to perform a job analysis.

D)Through personal interviews,interviewers can gain an impression of the applicant's personality.

Q3) An electronics manufacturer who rotates workers among several different jobs or switches them to a complete cycle of work in order for them to gain knowledge is using an approach known as usability testing.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Detailed biographical information about a job applicant is known as _______.

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Chapter 76: Applied Psychology: Environmental Psychology

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Q1) A psychology student goes to the beach to collect observations of how people use personal space.The student is investigating

A)proxemics.

B)attribution theory.

C)group structure.

D)cohesiveness.

Q2) Which of the following is NOT a topic of interest to an environmental psychologist?

A)the design of buildings

B)personal space

C)behavioral motives

D)stressful environments

Q3) Compared to students living in smaller suites,students in long-corridor design dormitories exhibited which of the following characteristics?

A)Students in long-corridor dormitories felt less crowded and less stressed.

B)Students in long-corridor dormitories made more friends and socialized more.

C)Students in long-corridor dormitories made more trips to the campus health center due to illnesses.

D)Students in long-corridor dormitories exhibited all of these characteristics.

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Chapter 77: Applied Psychology: the Psychology of

Education, Law, and Sports

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Q1) Lamar is the type of juror who will be more likely to vote for conviction because he believes that punishment is effective.Lamar most likely has which type of personality traits?

A)legalistic

B)borderline

C)sociopathic

D)authoritarian

Q2) Regarding the field of educational psychology,a planned method of instruction is referred to as

A)a teaching strategy.

B)a mnemonic device.

C)mental practice.

D)task analysis.

Q3) Psychologists use mock juries to understand

A)criminal behavior.

B)the legal dimensions of a trial.

C)how real jurors vote.

D)none of these.

Q4) If you break the complex skill involved in a tennis serve into its subparts,you are using _______.

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Chapter 78: Psychology in Action: Human Factors

Psychology

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Q1) Regarding satisficing,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Satisficing is not just a matter of being lazy,sometimes it can be a survival skill.

B)If a device is user friendly,it is unnecessary to read an instruction manual.

C)People are often tempted to satisfice because of our hectic modern world.

D)Satisficing refers to just "getting by" in using a tool rather than using the tool to its fullest capacity.

Q2) In the world of human-computer interaction,displays are also called _______ devices.

A)cybernetic

B)output

C)ergonomic

D)input

Q3) Jason is a psychologist who makes machine displays easy to perceive,controls easy to use,and minimizes errors on the job due to the design of machines.Jason is a _______ psychologist.

A)cybernetic

B)behavioral

C)psychophysiological

D)human factors

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Chapter 79: Behavioral Statistics

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Q1) To decide which college applicants have the best chances for success,most colleges have formulas that use

A)multiple correlations.

B)correlation matrixes.

C)random assignment.

D)frequency distributions.

Q2) Explain the purpose of inferential statistics and how samples and populations are utilized to fulfill this purpose;and explain how a sample is chosen,and why it is chosen in this manner.

Q3) Describe a normal curve,and explain the relationship of the standard deviation to this curve.

Q4) There are 10 students in the pre-kindergarten class.Each student is shown eight colors and asked to name them.The number of colors correctly named by each student is: 8,8,8,8,7,7,6,6,5,4.What would be the range?

A)4.0

B)6.7

C)7.0

D)8.0

Q5) For the numbers 10,17,2,9,and 15,the range is _______.

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Chapter 80: Life After School

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Q1) In Psychology: Modules for Active Learning, (13th Edition),which of the following are discussions filled with practical ideas that students can relate to their own life and enhance their personal skills?

A)Critical Thinking boxes

B)Psychology in Action modules

C)The Clinical File boxes

D)Brainwaves boxes

Q2) Psychology majors can become student members of the American Psychological Association as well as other national psychology organizations.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Regarding the skills developed while obtaining a psychology degree,potential careers include which of the following?

A)advertising

B)travel agent

C)research assistant

D)all of these

Q4) The discussion of these topics develops psychology students' _______ skills.

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Page 82

Chapter 81: Understanding Descriptive and Inferential

Statistics for Psychological Research

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Q1) In order to convert a number to a z-score,it is necessary,within a group of scores,to know the mean and the A)range.

B)correlation.

C)mode.

D)standard deviation.

Q2) If the points on a scatter diagram are clustered in a pattern that extends from lower left to upper right,this would suggest that the two variables depicted are

A)normally distributed.

B)not correlated.

C)positively correlated.

D)negatively correlated.

Q3) After administering a unit test to her psychology students,a college professor calculates the mean and range for this test in order to better understand the performance of her students on the material in this unit.This professor is using inferential statistics.

A)True

B)False

Q4) When measure X gets larger,measure Y gets smaller in a(n) _______ correlation.

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Chapter 82: The Competencies of the Undergraduate

Psychology Major

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Q1) While employers might tolerate new employees who know very little about their new jobs,they won't gladly suffer new employees who have no clue how to "study" their new jobs.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Jeff is taking his first psychology course.He has been reading his textbook,taking notes in class,and performed well on the multiple choice tests so far.Now,his psychology instructor has given the class the assignment to look up some research articles in the PsycINFO database and to summarize them.Jeff complains about this assignment,"Why am I wasting my time doing this? Why doesn't Dr.Morgan just give us the articles so we can get right to reading and learning them?" Jeff appears to think that only one competency for college psychology classes exists.On which competency does Jeff appear to be focused?

A)values of psychology

B)application of psychology

C)knowledge base of psychology

D)information and technological literacy

Q3) The discussion of these topics develops psychology students' _______ skills.

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