Course Introduction
Psychology I Solved Exam Questions
Psychology I introduces students to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course covers foundational topics such as the history and approaches of psychology, research methods, biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, and cognition. Students gain an understanding of major psychological theories, key experiments, and the practical applications of psychology in everyday life. Through lectures, discussions, and experiential activities, learners develop critical thinking skills and a broad appreciation of how psychological principles influence individual and group behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology 10th Edition by Douglas Bernstein
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology
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Q1) Dr.Allera studies how brain activity is related to depressed and anxious behavior in college students.Dr.Allera probably takes the ____ approach to psychology.
A) behavioral
B) psychodynamic
C) cognitive
D) biological
Answer: D
Q2) Italian Americans living in New York could be said to represent a ____ within the ____ United States.
A) subculture; collectivist
B) cross-culture; individualist
C) subculture; multicultural
D) individualist culture; collectivist
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research in Psychology
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Q1) What research topic would lend itself best to naturalistic observation?
A) comparing smokers and nonsmokers on judgments of self-esteem
B) describing play among children in a kindergarten class
C) determining gender attitudes for all Chicagoans
D) understanding the life of someone with a rare brain disorder
Answer: B
Q2) A researcher is interested in determining whether test performance of students can be improved by providing them with individual tutoring.The researcher randomly divides fifty first-year college students into two groups.In Group A,the instructor lectures to them for three hours per week.Group B receives an equal amount of lecturing,but their instructor also meets with each student for thirty minutes every week.Each group takes the same final exam.The test performance of students in Group B is about the same as that of students in Group A.This study is an example of a(n)____.
A) correlational study
B) case study
C) experiment
D) survey
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Biological Aspects of Psychology
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Q1) Nancy Neurotransmitter and Heather Hormone are having an argument over which of them is more powerful.Defending her stance that hormones are more powerful,Heather correctly states that neurotransmitters "____."
A) can affect only cells that have special receptors-hormones can affect all cells equally!
B) can be found only in the brain-hormones are found everywhere in the body!
C) carry their message across the synapse-hormones are carried in the bloodstream and can affect many more cells!
D) control the autonomic nervous system-hormones control the sympathetic nervous system!
Answer: C
Q2) The digestion of last night's dinner is most directly controlled by the ____ system.
A) autonomic nervous
B) central nervous
C) somatic nervous
D) endocrine
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) You wake up in the middle of the night.As you look about your dark bedroom,you can see the outline of a pile of your clothes sitting in a ball on a chair.You are seeing the clothes with your ____.
A) cones
B) papillae
C) otoliths
D) rods
Q2) Inspector Holmes and his trusty assistant,Watson,are snooping around a dark,deserted house in London.Watson suddenly screams,"Holmes! I thought I just saw a flicker of light!" Holmes turns to him and says,"No,my dear boy.You must have been interpreting a random firing of sensory neurons as a stimulus." Holmes is describing
A) an absolute threshold
B) a just-noticeable difference
C) internal noise
D) Weber's law
Q3) Many depth cues are used by artists to show distance in their paintings.Choose four of the many depth cues described in your text and discuss how they can affect depth perception.
Q4) Explain the theories that describe how people see color.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Learning
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Q1) Bart notices that his father,Homer,is usually in an agreeable mood after his mother,Marge,fixes him pork chops.However,Homer is quite grumpy after a meal of three-eyed fish.Bart has learned that it is much in his favor to ask Homer permission to do fun things on pork chop night and to avoid asking such questions when three-eyed fish is served.Bart is using the type of meal served as a ____.
A) discriminative conditioned stimulus
B) secondary reinforce
C) vicarious experience
D) negative reinforcement
Q2) Think back to one of the many episodes of your life where you have learned through classical conditioning.Recount the learning experience,being sure to point out the different stimulus ® response components.Did you experience stimulus generalization? Has extinction occurred?
Q3) Extinction will be most rapid after a history of ____ reinforcement.
A) variable-ratio
B) variable-interval
C) fixed-ratio
D) continuous
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Chapter 5: Memory
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Q1) Cicero,an imperial Roman orator,endorses a mnemonic strategy called the method of loci more than 2,000 years ago; the technique is still one of the most powerful known today.The method of loci involves ____.
A) creating visual images associating list items with parts of a well-known place
B) using rhyming word-number lists as a base and associating list items with those C) telling a story using all the items on the to-be-remembered list
D) repeating a list to yourself over and over until you remember it perfectly
Q2) Raquelle is in an accident that has damaged her brain,and lost her memory for all events occurring after her accident.Raquelle's accident has resulted in ____amnesia.
A) retrograde
B) anterograde
C) primary
D) secondary
Q3) Using what you've learned about memory processes,how would you advise a student who hasn't taken psychology how to study textbook material for an examination?
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Chapter 7: Thought and Language
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Q1) Kriss enters a haunted house for the first time,and it is so dark that she can't see a thing.Kriss will probably have trouble navigating because she lacks a ____ of the haunted house.
A) cognitive map
B) concept
C) schema
D) mental model
Q2) Sumon is in the first stages of learning to speak.Both personal experience and genetic predisposition will interact to help him identify the basic dimensions of language.This idea supports the existence of ____.
A) universal grammar
B) deep structures
C) natural concepts
D) telegraphic speech
Q3) Which statement is most accurate?
A) The human brain is constructed much like a computer.
B) We solve problems in the same way computers do.
C) The brain and computer are both information-processing systems.
D) Computers must always use heuristics to solve problems.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Intelligence
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Q1) Paco takes a test that asks him to solve arithmetic problems,define words,and answer general knowledge questions.He is most likely completing a____ scale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
A) skills
B) verbal
C) performance
D) functional
Q2) An IQ test to World War I military recruitsincluded a scale that relied more heavily on pictures and acting out instructions.Results revealed that 47 percent of the men tested had a mental age of thirteen or less.Why?
A) The men were mentally defective.
B) The test was culturally biased.
C) The test required more creativity than the Alpha test
D) Goddard tested the men one at a time and discriminated against black recruits.
Q3) What would a researcher have to do to ensure that a new intelligence test is developed properly? What further considerations would have to be made in the development of a culture-fair test?
Q4) Describe the four approaches to intelligence presented in the text.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Consciousness
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Q1) Which aspect is least likely to be part of a definition of consciousness?
A) an awareness of internal mental activity
B) the function and structure of cognition
C) mental processes of which people are unaware
D) an awareness of external stimuli
Q2) According to your text,which effect has not been consistently demonstrated as an effective outcome of hypnosis?
A) relief of pain from dental work
B) reduced nausea after chemotherapy
C) decreased bleeding during surgery
D) help with recovering repressed memories
Q3) Svengali puts his subject,Trilby,under a hypnotic spell.We can expect that while hypnotized,Trilby will ignore everything but Svengali's voice.In other words,Trilby is experiencing ____.
A) posthypnotic amnesia
B) a mantra
C) redistributed attention
D) increased role-taking tendencies
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Q1) Alice allows her kids to do only those things that she knows they can do successfully.Barry severely punishes his kids whenever they fail.Connie believes that rewards and punishments should be internal,so she never comments when her kids succeed or fail.Dwight encourages his kids to attempt challenging,difficult tasks.Who is most likely going to have kids with high achievement motivation?
A) Alice
B) Barry
C) Connie
D) Dwight
Q2) Which characteristic is least associated with motivation?
A) ability
B) initiation
C) direction
D) persistence
Q3) Which of the following is the primary pattern of sexual response?
A) Orgasm, plateau, resolution, and excitement
B) Excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
C) Resolution, plateau, orgasm, and excitement
D) Excitement, orgasm, plateau, and resolution
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Human Development
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Q1) The term tabula rasa refers to Locke's belief that ____.
A) altering people's inherent personality "slates" is impossible
B) human development is influenced primarily by the environment
C) children develop according to an invariable set of stages
D) humans are born with a natural propensity toward goodness
Q2) Paul has decided to write his research paper on the information processing approach to cognitive development.He collects several electronic journal articles and wants to search them for various keywords.Which phrase is least likely to help in his search?
A) "Stages of development"
B) "Improved concentration"
C) "Organized memory"
D) "Gradual increases in ability"
Q3) Unlike John Locke,French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that children were able to discover how the world operates and how they should behave ____ from adults.
A) with instruction
B) with instruction but no supervision
C) with instruction and close supervision
D) without instruction
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Chapter 12: Health, stress, and Coping
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Q1) Research demonstrates that people who view their marriage as _____ are less likely than other married people to have developed harmful plaque in their coronary arteries.
A) supportive
B) unstable
C) a mix of ups and downs
D) socially isolating
Q2) Although they appear to be in top physical condition,professional basketball players often get sick during the eighty-two-game,six-month-long NBA season.According to the textbook,a likely reason is that ____.
A) they are exposed to many more germs than other people
B) their bodies' reserves of adaptive energy are worn down by the constant and long-lasting stressors of the season
C) a physical defense mechanism kicks in to protect the athletes from burnout
D) their sympathetic nervous systems become overworked in the resistance stage, and too few catecholamines are released into the bloodstream
Q3) Describe five stages of readiness for changing health-related behaviors.
Q4) Describe the steps in a stress-coping program.
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Chapter 13: Personality
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Q1) Andre is very organized and efficient but also very anxious and tense.On which two of the five-factor personality model dimensions would Andre rate highly?
A) neuroticism and congruence
B) agreeableness and emotionality-stability
C) conscientiousness and neuroticism
D) extraversion and openness
Q2) A teacher is excessively neat,always insists on washing the blackboard before and after class,and always cleans the classroom after his lectures.According to Freudian theory,the teacher may be suffering from a(n)____.
A) anal fixation
B) repressed superego
C) oral fixation
D) phallic symbol fixation
Q3) If Cindy is displaying the ego defense mechanism of repression,she would most likely ____.
A) unconsciously forget a traumatic experience
B) project her negative feelings onto another person
C) provide a convincing motive for her unacceptable behavior
D) express her unconscious conflicts in a socially desirable way
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Breanna is more likely to feel depressed than Terron.When Breanna is sad,she constantly thinks about negative events,why they occurred,and how depressed she is about them.When Terron feels down,he goes out jogging until he is exhausted but free of his negative frame of mind.Breanna exhibits a(n)____ cognitive style and Terron uses a ____ cognitive style.
A) depressive; cyclothymic
B) distracting; ruminative
C) cyclothymic; depressive
D) ruminative; distracting
Q2) Jamie's sleep patterns have been erratic over the course of the past few months,and she lacks the energy to do anything except lay on her couch.Jamie also feels completely hopeless,and she wonders if life is worth living anymore.Jamie is most likely suffering from ____.
A) major depressive disorder
B) pyromania
C) mania
D) cyclothymic disorder
Q3) What are some of the causes of depressive disorders?
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Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Therapist: "I trust your judgment regarding continuation of your treatment.I want to help you become aware of your feelings and actions,but I know you can help yourself.I accept and support your decision." Which psychotherapist is most likely to say this?
A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) biological
D) behavioral
Q2) An individual who has the faulty belief that getting into medical school is the only possible way to have a happy,fulfilling life and who without going to medical school has no reason to live would have this faulty belief directly attacked by the therapist in ____ therapy.
A) punishment
B) rational-emotive behavior
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered
Q3) Is psychotherapy effective? Discuss the research that evaluates different methods of psychotherapy and why this question has been difficult to answer.
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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Q1) Zewde is usually very friendly and outgoing.She is typically polite to others and always leaves a large tip when she goes out to eat.Earlier today,however,you saw her yell at a waiter at a local restaurant.You also noticed that other customers yelled at this waiter.According to Kelly's attribution theory,you are likely to make a(n)____ attribution for Zewde's behavior.
A) external
B) internal
C) differentiated
D) unified
Q2) The popular girls make fun of Velma because she wears thick glasses with large rims.One day,they tease Velma until she cries.Knowing what it feels like to be picked on,Daria tells the girls to leave her alone and sits with Velma until she feels better.Daria's motivation to help Velma is best explained by the ____ theory.
A) cost-reward arousal
B) prosocial activation
C) empathy-altruism helping
D) tit-for-tat
Q3) What are the key factors that influence whether you will be attracted to someone?
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Chapter 17: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Q1) If an employer wanted to evaluate an employee training session using trainee-learning criteria,that employer would most likely ____.
A) examine whether the trainees' productivity increases
B) commission experimental research on its training program
C) ask the trainees to fill out questionnaires about whether they enjoyed the training session
D) test each trainee's knowledge and skill in the areas covered by the training material
Q2) As a supervisor,if Becca is demonstrating the leniency error,she would ____.
A) rate Sue as "satisfactory" and Frank as "excellent" in all categories
B) rate every staff member on the upper end of every performance category
C) rely more heavily on subjective measures than objective measures
D) rely on employee self-reports rather than conducting her own appraisal
Q3) Discuss the three main methods that employers use to measure the personal characteristics of job candidates.
Q4) Describe the characteristics of effective leaders in the workplace.
Q5) Discuss the personal and environmental factors that can affect job satisfaction.
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Chapter 18: Neuropsychology
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Q1) Marta studies patients who have hemiparesis.She believes that a person's coping strategy can predict how likely they are to deny their paralysis.She asks family members of each patient to recall how the person dealt with stress prior to the onset of hemiparesis.One problem with this approach is the potential for ____ when the family is asked to recall information about coping and denial.
A) inattentional blindness
B) motivated forgetting
C) decay
D) retrospective bias
Q2) Most neuropsychologists earn their graduate degrees in ____ psychology with an emphasis in neuropsychology.
A) clinical
B) community
C) abnormal
D) social
Q3) What is meant by the "what" versus "where" systems in visual perceptual processing? Name and explain an example of a neuropsychological syndrome caused by damage to the what system and a neuropsychological syndrome caused by damage to the where system.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Appendix A: Statistics in Psychological Research
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Q1) Genes are composed of molecules of ____.
A) deoxyribonucleic acid
B) nitrous oxide
C) sodium phosphate
D) chromosome
Q2) Research on behavioral genetics suggests that,for psychological variables such as personality characteristics,the most important environmental influences are likely to be those ____.
A) shared by family members who live together
B) not shared by family members in general
C) shared by genetically related family members
D) not shared by family members of the same sex
Q3) The biology of inheritance is called ____.
A) immunology
B) environmental psychology
C) biochemistry
D) genetics
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Appendix B: Behavioral Genetics
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Q1) Crystal received her SAT score from her counselor.She scored two standard deviations above the mean.What does this indicate about <st2:givenname w:st="on">Crystal's score?
A) It was higher than 97.5 percent of the other scores.
B) It was only higher than 84 percent of the other scores.
C) It was only higher than 68 percent of the other scores.
D) There is insufficient information to answer this question.
Q2) Professor Kipling is discussing statistics in your introductory psychology class.She explains that descriptive statistics are invaluable because they allow psychologists to ____.
A) describe the relationship between two variables
B) summarize a pool of data
C) determine whether a data set is normally distributed
D) determine whether the differences between two groups are significant
Q3) Which of the following is one of the basic categories of descriptive statistics?
A) measures of central tendency
B) inferring causation
C) expressing the difference between two group means
D) predicting proportions in a population
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Page 22