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Psychology for the Behavioral Sciences Midterm Exam - 320 Verified Questions

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Psychology for the Behavioral Sciences

Midterm Exam

Course Introduction

Psychology for the Behavioral Sciences introduces students to the foundational concepts, theories, and research methods that underpin the study of human behavior. The course explores the biological, cognitive, and social determinants of behavior, emphasizing their relevance to fields such as sociology, anthropology, and public health. Students will examine key topics including perception, learning, motivation, personality, and psychological disorders, gaining insight into how psychological principles are applied to understand and address behavioral issues within individuals and groups. Through lectures, discussions, and practical assignments, students will develop critical thinking skills for analyzing human behavior and an appreciation for the scientific approach in behavioral research.

Recommended Textbook

Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 3rd Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld

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Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

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Q1) According to the authors,much of the knowledge from popular psychology sources

A)is consistent with the results of psychological research.

B)is contradicted by what psychological research has demonstrated.

C)is not able to be studied empirically.

D)is of no or very little interest to psychologists.

Answer: B

Q2) The fact that many people,when looking at the moon that orbits Earth,see a face (commonly called "the man in the moon")can be explained by the phenomenon of

A)chaotics

B)metaphysics

C)patternicity

D)apophenia

Answer: C

Q3) Time,expertise,and resources are all obstacles that

A)diminish skepticism.

B)diminish metaphysical claims.

C)increase reliance on authorities.

D)increase reliance on empiricism.

Answer: C

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Chapter 1: Exsetntion: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

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Q1) What famous American psychologist also heavily influenced the field of advertising?

A)William James

B)Carl Rogers

C)B.F.Skinner

D)John Watson

Answer: D

Q2) Which of the following ideas is the most compelling evidence against the idea of free will?

A)Most of people's behavior is deliberate and controlled.

B)People often lack direct access to the causes of their behavior.

C)Recent brain imaging studies have shown that readiness potential and conscious intention to behave co-occur .

D)We select when,where,and how to assert our option to engage in one behavior rather than in another.

Answer: B

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Chapter 2: Research Methods

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Q1) Sarah,a graduate student in psychology,just heard about a five-year-old child who has already learned calculus.She is thinking about doing an in-depth study of the child for her dissertation because such early-life math skill is so rare.Sarah is considering which research method?

A)Naturalistic observation

B)Experiment

C)Independent study

D)Case study

Answer: D

Q2) Dr.Johansen randomly assigned subjects to three different groups during her last experiment.She then proceeded to give all the participants in the experiment a new study technique designed to enhance their learning for the upcoming test.What critical error did she make during her experiment?

A)She failed to identify the independent variable.

B)She failed to identify the dependent variable.

C)She failed to include an experimental group.

D)She failed to include a control group.

Answer: D

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Chapter 2: Exsetntion: Research Methods

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Q1) A graph that can be used to represent the pattern of relationship between scores from two variables is called a

A)bar graph.

B)frequency polygon.

C)histogram.

D)scatterplot.

Q2) When a researcher tests his or her hypothesis,he or she is often hoping to gather information that is consistent with a particular theory.What,more specifically,allows a researcher to say that he or she has "proven" a theory?

A)Any time a hypothesis is confirmed,a theory is automatically "proven."

B)Any time a hypothesis confirms one theory and simultaneously disconfirms at least one other theory,a theory has been "proven."

C)Any time a hypothesis confirms one theory and simultaneously disconfirms all other known theories,a theory has been "proven."

D)A researcher is never able to say that he or she has "proven" a theory.

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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology

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Q1) Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing.One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident.This is an example of the brain's _____,which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.

A)Adaptology

B)Stagnation

C)Plasticity

D)Reflex arc

Q2) Kayla and Layla are twins who were separated at birth.A researcher interested in studying heredity tracks them down and speaks to their different families about the benefits that can be achieved by studying the two young girls.The girls and their different sets of parents agree to participate,and studies begin assessing various areas of the girls' lives.In order for this type of twin study to be most effective,what kind of twins should Kayla and Layla be?

A)Conjoined

B)Monozygotic

C)Amorphous

D)Dizygotic

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Chapter 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology

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Q1) During an action potential,the electrical charge inside the neuron is _____ the electrical charge outside the neuron.

A)positive compared to B)larger than

C)negative compared to D)smaller than

Q2) Within neurons,the term potentiation refers to A)synapses that show stronger and prolonged excitatory responses.

B)structural changes in the neuron.

C)neural plasticity.

D)maturational development.

Q3) Which of the following statements is true?

A)Many parts of the brain appear to have no useful function in today's world.

B)Losses of small areas of certain parts of the brain rarely cause devastating,often permanent,losses of function.

C)All the brain areas become active on brain scans at one time or another as we think,feel,and perceive.

D)Every part of the brain has a redundant backup,which is why brain injuries are so rarely serious.

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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception

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Q1) Which of the following sensory difficulties is likely to be the most dangerous?

A)Blindness

B)Deafness

C)Loss of smell

D)Pain insensitivity

Q2) The difference between high-definition television and regular television is analogous to which component of sound?

A)Pitch

B)Loudness

C)Amplitude

D)Timbre

Q3) According to _____,color vision evolved because perceiving color helped our early ancestors forage for food.

A)binocular theory

B)trichromatic theory

C)opponent process theory

D)gestalt theory

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9

Chapter 4: Exsetntion: Sensation and Perception

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Q1) Changing the shape of the lens to focus on objects near or far is called

A)focusing.

B)accommodation.

C)constriction.

D)dilation.

Q2) Rafael has a cold and plugged sinuses.These symptoms are most likely to affect

A)his ability to listen to his Art History professor's lecture.

B)his enjoyment of the food at the university cafeteria.

C)his pain tolerance threshold.

D)his sense of balance.

Q3) Infant Esme is just waking up from her nap.As her mom enters the room,Esme turns her head in Mom's direction.Which of the following allowed Esme to know the direction Mom would be entering from?

A)Echolocation

B)Sound shadow

C)Auditory perceptual cues

D)Binaural cues

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10

Chapter 5: Consciousness

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Q1) Nathan was a psychologist in the 1930s.Which of the following would best represent his understanding of what happened inside the brain during sleep?

A)Humans pass through five distinct stages of sleep.

B)Humans,unlike animals,experience REM sleep but both experience non-REM sleep.

C)Neurons fire and create the biological underpinnings of dreams and nightmares as we sleep.

D)Nothing interesting happens as humans sleep through the night.

Q2) Even though sleep research suggests that most college students require approximately _____ hours of sleep nightly,they often get only _____ hours.

A)7; 6

B)9; 6

C)9; 8

D)10; 8

Q3) Which of the following pairs belong together?

A)Marijuana; tetrahydrocannabinol

B)Marijuana; psilocybin

C)Marijuana; acetylcholine

D)MDMA; acetylcholine

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Chapter 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness

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Q1) Although he knows that it is wrong,Sean has a crush on his new stepmom.He dreams of the two of them running away together and living happily ever after.What aspect of dreaming does this represent?

A)Activation-synthesis

B)Repressed desires

C)Wish fulfillment

D)Dream-work

Q2) We spend the greatest amount of time engaged in what altered state of consciousness?

A)Dreaming

B)Under the influence of drugs

C)Out-of-body experiences

D)Sleeping

Q3) What is the most frequently used illegal drug in the United States?

A)Alcohol

B)Cocaine

C)Marijuana

D)Methamphetamine

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Chapter 6: Learning

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Q1) According to _____ theory,learning is controlled by the consequences of an organism's behavior.

A)observational learning

B)classical conditioning

C)cognitive learning

D)operant conditioning

Q2) Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist,she becomes anxious and cries.Since she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit,her fear was a learned behavior.The UCS in this case was probably

A)the dentist's beard.

B)sweet toothpaste.

C)the pain associated with teeth cleaning.

D)the sound of the music in the dentist's waiting room.

Q3) The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called _____.

A)operant conditioning

B)classical conditioning

C)effective based learning

D)discovery learning

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Chapter 6: Exsetntion: Learning

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Q1) The situation of a student's final grade improving one letter grade for every three books read represents which schedule of reinforcement?

A)Fixed interval

B)Fixed ratio

C)Variable interval

D)Variable ratio

Q2) Thorndike's Law of Effect is most closely associated with which operant conditioning principle?

A)Positive reinforcement

B)Punishment

C)Premack principle

D)Negative reinforcement

Q3) Which theorist is responsible for suggesting that the distribution of phobias in the human population can be explained by biological preparedness?

A)Breland

B)Garcia

C)Seligman

D)Tolman

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Chapter 7: Memory

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Q1) With regard to the idea of patients' memories being shaped by suggestive psychotherapy techniques,psychologists

A)are in agreement that this frequently happens.

B)are in agreement that this rarely happens.

C)are divided about whether such memories are real or false memories.

D)need more evidence to demonstrate that false memories can be implanted.

Q2) Oscar is writing a fictional autobiography.He is combining real events with those that could have happened,as well as a few creative additions.In terms of the memory system,this approach is most similar to

A)the three systems of memory.

B)parallel distributed processing.

C)reconstructive memory.

D)implicit memory.

Q3) "You should have seen it! First the car flipped over and then it exploded! I will never forget it!" What type of memory may have just formed in this eyewitness?

A)Flashbulb

B)Implicit

C)Semantic

D)Procedural

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Chapter 7: Exsetntion: Memory

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Q1) For students to show the best performance on their exams,they are advised to engage in

A)delayed practice.

B)distributed practice.

C)massed practice.

D)processed practice.

Q2) You are telling your friend about a trip you took to Sea World when you were a child.During the middle of the show,the trainer slipped,fell into the water,and was nearly killed.You can remember the scene as if it happened yesterday.This is an example of which type of memory?

A)Phantom

B)Semantic

C)Flashbulb

D)Procedural

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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language

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Q1) Much of our language use serves non-informational purposes,such as

A)establishing or maintaining social relationships.

B)telling the barista that we want a skim latte.

C)advising a friend what time to show up at a party.

D)providing directions to an event.

Q2) E-mail can often lead to misunderstandings.This is because

A)it lacks extralinguistic information.

B)people misspell more often with e-mail than with pen-and-paper writing.

C)of decreasing literacy levels.

D)most people read e-mail more rapidly than other written forms.

Q3) A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however,he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it.When he notices the visor drop again,he reaches into his pocket for a dime,which he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor.What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?

A)Relative comparison

B)Functional fixedness

C)Poor problem representation

D)The representative heuristic

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Chapter 8: Exsetntion: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language

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Q1) Fred is on a popular TV game show where you can win $1,000,000.He is currently at $16,000 and is not totally certain if he knows the answer to the $32,000 question.His decision could be influenced if the host says "You can take the $16,000 and go home,and that's a lot of money," or "$32,000 is way more money than $16,000." There is a tendency for the contestants to do whatever the host suggests,and Fred will probably be no different.This is the effect of

A)an availability heuristic.

B)a representativeness heuristic.

C)an additive strategy.

D)framing.

Q2) Some believe that twins often share a secret and distinct language.Research suggests that

A)cryptophasia is a true phenomenon for roughly half of all twins studied.

B)most twins develop language more quickly than singletons,leaving them free to develop new languages.

C)twins may be more susceptible to language delays,which appear to some observers as distinct language forms.

D)the secret language of twins is referred to as homesign.

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Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ Testing

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Q1) Sterilization laws beginning in the early 1900s remained on the books in the United States until the A)1940s.

B)1950s.

C)1960s.

D)1970s.

Q2) The "Flynn effect" refers to

A)the finding that IQ scores have stayed the same over the last decade.

B)the finding that IQ scores have steadily increased over the last decade.

C)the finding that IQ scores have steadily decreased over the last decade.

D)the finding that IQ scores are negatively correlated with education levels.

Q3) Zoe wants to test the IQ of a group of ESL students who do not speak any English.What test might you recommend to her?

A)Stanford-Binet

B)Raven's Progressive Matrices

C)WISC-IV

D)WPPSI

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Chapter 9: Exsetntion: Intelligence and IQ Testing

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Q1) Marvis,the manager of a large business,always says,"Those are all great ideas,but now we need to pick the best one." What aspect of thought is Marvis focusing on?

A)Divergent thinking

B)Convergent thinking

C)Dichotomous thinking

D)Thinking outside the box

Q2) Twelve-year-old Arnold received an IQ test score of 75.What is his mental age?

A)9

B)10

C)5

D)7

Q3) A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.The person is engaging in _____.

A)functional thinking

B)circular thinking

C)convergent thinking

D)divergent thinking

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Chapter 10: Human Development

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Q1) Which of the following is not a known symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome?

A)Facial malformations

B)Respiratory difficulties

C)Behavioral disorders

D)Learning disabilities

Q2) Which of the following physical changes is associated with aging in men?

A)A loss of ability to hear low-pitched sounds

B)A reduction in testosterone levels

C)A reduction in interest in his career

D)An increase in the speed at which a man gets an erection

Q3) _____ behaviors are defined as bodily motions that are self-initiated and move bones and muscles.

A)Motor

B)Muscular

C)Physical

D)Physiological

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Chapter 10: Exsetntion: Human Development

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Q1) Lyette has recently given birth to her first child.She decides to start playing classical music near the baby's crib at night so that the child will develop greater intelligence.Which of the following may be an explanation for why such strategies appear to have some impact on the developing child?

A)These strategies are like "vegetables for the brain," and impact virtually every area of brain growth and development.This is why it is a good idea to play classical music for a child even before (s)he is born.

B)These strategies impact the use of echoic memory,which is distinctly tied to the ability to boost intellectual growth.

C)These strategies boost the activity of the temporal lobes,which are responsible for both hearing and intellectual development.Therefore,long-term intelligence improvement is likely to occur.

D)These strategies boost short-term arousal,which may help performance on mentally demanding tasks for a brief period of time; however,there is no evidence that they will impact long-term intelligence.

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22

Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation

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Q1) Before entering first grade,little Mina used to love to read books.Once school started,her teacher began a program to motivate her students to read.She began to give stars to those children who finished a new book.As a result,Mina no longer reads while she is at home.What has likely occurred?

A)Mina's intrinsic motivation decreased.

B)Mina's extrinsic motivation decreased.

C)Mina's intrinsic motivation was unchanged.

D)Mina's intrinsic motivation was increased.

Q2) A three-month old baby named Bryan smiles even when he is alone.Scientific research has suggested that his smile should be attributed to _____.

A)effective training by his mom

B)his motivation to learn something new

C)the reinforcements from his immediate surroundings

D)his innate motor programs from birth

Q3) Types of gestures and movements that can display our emotions are called

A)facial feedback.

B)nonverbal leakage.

C)mere exposure.

D)primary emotions.

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Page 23

Chapter 11: Exsetntion: Emotion and Motivation

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Q1) Val has a crush on Ilene.What is one thing he might do to make himself more desirable?

A)Bring her flowers

B)Stop by every day to say hello

C)Compliment her on her hair

D)Tell her she has nice shoes

Q2) Which of the following factors is the best predictor of homosexuality?

A)Being left-handed or right-handed

B)Engaging in gender nonconformity

C)Being sexually attracted to the members of the same sex

D)Feeling estranged from your same sex peers

Q3) Who is being driven by intrinsic motivation?

A)Matt,who is dying to win the trophy he sees behind the podium

B)Lucia,who hopes to earn a scholarship for college so her parents won't have to pay for her tuition

C)Kira,who enjoys running marathons for the challenge

D)Kip,who is working for a promotion and a raise at his job

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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, and Health

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Q1) Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knifepoint.This is an example of _____.

A)problem-focused coping

B)emotion-focused coping

C)avoidance

D)reappraisal

Q2) Melissa's mother was recently diagnosed with leukemia.As a result,Melissa is now required to take care of all of her mother's personal needs and manage her financial affairs.Melissa is already a full-time student,and is also the primary caregiver for her son.However,Melissa has an attitude that things could be worse.She is confident that she will get through this crisis.Thus,she is displaying

A)self-enhancement.

B)rumination.

C)hardiness.

D)self-confidence.

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Chapter 12: Exsetntion: Stress, Coping, and Health

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Q1) The purpose of the _____ is to protect the body against the invasion of bacteria,viruses,fungi,or other illness-producing organisms.

A)antigens

B)lymphocytes

C)phagocytes

D)immune system

Q2) Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life.He would probably be labeled a _____ personality.

A)stressed

B)Type B

C)Type C

D)hardy

Q3) The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of _____.

A)mental illness

B)coronary heart disease

C)cancer

D)respiratory illnesses

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26

Chapter 13: Social Psychology

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Q1) One of the key themes in Milgram's paradigm is the _____ the psychological distance between the teacher/participant and the experimenter,the _____ the obedience.

A)less; less

B)less; greater

C)greater; less

D)greater; greater

Q2) What is the moral or take-home message of Solomon Asch's series of experiments in which participants were asked to judge the lengths of lines?

A)People will go to great lengths to please people on whom they depend.

B)People will go to great lengths to fit in with others.

C)People will go to great lengths to assert their independence.

D)People will go to great lengths to convince others of their points of view.

Q3) The phenomenon whereby we are more likely to believe something we've heard many times is known as the

A)availability heuristic.

B)recognition heuristic.

C)rule of thumb.

D)bandwagon fallacy.

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Page 27

Chapter 13: Exsetntion: Social Psychology

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Q1) A group of chemists,who have been working together on a new diet pill for the last four years,met to discuss their new drug.Over the years,they have all come to respect each other and have formed a close bond.Upon discussing the effectiveness and safety of the diet pill,many members of the group found themselves agreeing with most of the comments that were made.Somewhere along the way,no one seemed to pay much attention to the fact that some of the subjects in the clinical trials of that drug became ill.It seemed that because nobody wanted to disrespect anyone else,the topic of ill subjects was dropped.What psychological phenomenon occurred here?

A)Social facilitation

B)Group polarization

C)Groupthink

D)Social loafing

Q2) You get on an elevator.Everyone is facing to the right.You turn and also face to the right.This is an example of A)obedience.

B)comparison.

C)attribution.

D)conformity.

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Chapter 14: Personality

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Q1) The main conflict of the anal stage comes from

A)the Oedipal complex.

B)toilet training.

C)sexual repression.

D)weaning off the breast or bottle.

Q2) Lena answered true to most of the questions that asked her about her participation in outdoor activities or social gatherings.When she received her results,she was amazed that the test had accurately described her extraverted personality.What may Lena be a victim of?

A)Self-validation

B)Confirmation bias

C)Personal validation

D)Projective accuracy

Q3) A major difference between the humanists and both the behaviorists and psychodynamic theorists is that the humanists focus on

A)the destructive side of human nature.

B)free will.

C)the scientific method.

D)unconscious information processing.

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Page 29

Chapter 14: Exsetntion: Personality

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Q1) The _____ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests.

A)TAT

B)MMPI

C)Rorschach

D)NEO

Q2) The book suggests that criminal profiling can fall victim to A)social durability bias.

B)the P.T.Barnum effect.

C)confirmation bias.

D)projective hypotheses.

Q3) Research suggests that the Big Five personality traits are A)unique to each culture.

B)identical in every culture.

C)fairly consistent across many cultures.

D)useless for cultural evaluation.

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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

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Q1) False beliefs held by a person who has no evidence to support such beliefs are known as _____.

A)delusions

B)hallucinations

C)obsessions

D)compulsions

Q2) Which psychological disorder has the strongest evidence for a genetic link?

A)Antisocial personality disorder

B)Bipolar disorder

C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder

D)Schizophrenia

Q3) A key idea in the discussion on the universality versus diversity in psychiatric diagnoses was that

A)all disorders are found throughout all cultures of the world.

B)many psychiatric disorders are similar across cultures.

C)most psychiatric disorders are unique to specific cultures and relatively unknown in others.

D)psychiatric disorders found in the United States and European countries are often unknown in many African and Asian cultures.

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Page 31

Chapter 15: Exsetntion: Psychological Disorders

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10 Verified Questions

10 Flashcards

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Sample Questions

Q1) Believing that other people,or the government,is out to get you is one way in which sufferers of schizophrenia experience their A)compulsions.

B)delusions.

C)hallucinations. D)obsessions.

Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding suicide?

A)More men than women attempt suicide.

B)More women than men attempt suicide.

C)Depression is a better predictor of suicide than are feelings of hopelessness.

D)There is no relationship between age and attempting suicide.

Q3) Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-5?

A)It describes symptoms and includes information regarding the prevalence of specific disorders.

B)It contains 12 specific "classifications" of mental illnesses.

C)It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health.

D)It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.

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Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments

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10 Verified Questions

10 Flashcards

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following professionals is trained as a medical doctor and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting?

A)Clinical psychologist

B)Clinical social worker

C)Mental health counselor

D)Psychiatrist

Q2) Trina attempts to overcome her fear of clowns by learning how to shift from a feeling of tension to one of calm and relaxation.Next,she is asked to imagine different situations,each more anxiety-provoking than the previous.She only proceeds to the next situation if she can maintain her feeling of relaxation.Trina's therapist is using _____ to remove her fear.

A)exposure therapy

B)modeling

C)person-centered therapy

D)systematic desensitization

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33

Chapter 16: Exsetntion: Psychological and Biological Treatments

Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper

10 Verified Questions

10 Flashcards

Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77188

Sample Questions

Q1) In family therapy,a therapist seeks to understand

A)how a person's psychological disorder creates stress for those who love him or her.

B)how family members can help someone with a psychological disorder live a productive life.

C)the family context out of which problems presumably arise.

D)why some families seem to experience more problems than others.

Q2) In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?

A)Behavioral

B)Cognitive-behavioral

C)Humanistic

D)Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Q3) Psychotherapy is an intervention designed to help people to deal with and manage

A)legal problems.

B)financial problems.

C)interpersonal problems only.

D)behavioral,emotional,and interpersonal problems.

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