Psychology for Social Sciences
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology for Social Sciences provides a comprehensive introduction to key psychological concepts, theories, and research methods with a specific focus on their applications within the social sciences. The course explores foundational topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, and personality, and examines how these psychological processes influence individual and group behavior in social contexts. Students will investigate how psychological principles are used to understand social phenomena like attitude formation, socialization, group dynamics, and interpersonal relationships. The course encourages critical thinking by evaluating psychological research and considering its implications for addressing contemporary social issues, ultimately equipping students with valuable insights for analyzing human behavior in diverse social settings.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Psychology 4th Edition by Laura King
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mathew,a psychologist,is studying the different physical systems and psychological processes that are activated in his subject,Patrick,every time Patrick listens to a song he likes.In this scenario,Mathew is most likely working in the specialized area of
A)industrial psychology.
B)sensation and perception.
C)motivation and emotion.
D)clinical psychology.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of cognitive psychologists?
A)They stress that people lack the ability to control their lives.
B)They view the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system.
C)They emphasize that people are simply controlled by the environment in which they live.
D)They believe that humans are purely motivated by external rewards.
Answer: B
Q3) In psychology,nature refers to the genetic heritage of a person.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Psychologys Scientific Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of surveys?
A)They are ineffective when used in correlational research.
B)They are effective when used to study variables that are unconscious,such as a psychodynamic drive.
C)They are useful when information from many people is required.
D)They are not useful when what people think about themselves needs to be measureD.
Answer: C
Q2) In descriptive statistics,the _____ is determined by adding up participants' scores and dividing by the number of scores.
A)median
B)standard deviation
C)correlation coefficient
D)mean
Answer: D
Q3) Researchers sometimes use procedures with animals that would be unethical with humans.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Magnetic resonance imaging is known to cause Parkinson disease in adolescents.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following best describes the function of endorphins?
A)They regulate sleep,wakefulness,mood,attention,and the process of learning.
B)They control alertness.
C)They control agitation.
D)They shield the body from pain and elevate feelings of pleasure.
Answer: D
Q3) The area of the cerebral cortex in the human brain which controls voluntary muscle movement is the
A)motor cortex.
B)sensory cortex.
C)neocortex.
D)somatosensory cortex.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how two-dimensional images on the retina are perceived as three-dimensional objects.
Q2) Jonathan has a plate that holds 20 cup cakes.He would notice if one of them went missing.However,on a table with 200 cup cakes,he would notice only if five cup cakes went missing.This phenomenon is best explained by A)the Ponzo illusion.
B)Weber's law.
C)Throndike's law.
D)the Stroop effect.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of the cones of the eye's retina?
A)They are used for color perception.
B)They require a smaller amount of light to respond than the rods do.
C)They give us the ability to detect fainter spots of light on the peripheral retina than at the fovea.
D)They convert electrochemical impulses into light.
Q4) Differences in both timing and the intensity of a sound can help humans localize a sound.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain narcolepsy and its effects.
Q2) Which of the following is a health risk associated with alcohol?
A)ulcer
B)hallucination
C)malnutrition
D)insomnia
Q3) The _____ view describes hypnosis as a normal state in which the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes a hypnotized person should behave.
A)social cognitive behavior
B)divided consciousness
C)psychodynamic
D)hidden observer
Q4) Controlled processes differ from automatic processes in that controlled processes are
A)slower than automatic processes.
B)less likely to involve the prefrontal cortex than automatic processes.
C)states of consciousness that require less attention than automatic processes.
D)more repetitive than automatic processes.
Q5) Describe sleep apnea and its symptoms.
Q6) Describe how alcohol affects the brain.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of classical conditioning?
A)It becomes operant conditioning after spontaneous recovery.
B)Immunosuppression is independent of classical conditioning.
C)The human body's internal organ systems can be classically conditioned.
D)It is a special form of negative punishment in which a behavior decreases when a stimulus is removeD.
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes classical conditioning?
A)It is a form of associative learning in which the consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurrence.
B)It is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an innately meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.
C)It is a form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden insight into or understanding of a problem's solution.
D)It is a form of learning that occurs through observing and imitating another's behavior.
Q3) An operant behavior occurs spontaneously.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Felix,a record-holder in the area of memory skills,amazed the 150-member audience at his show when he accurately recalled all their names in correct alphabetical order.Which of the following processes of memory has Felix demonstrated in this scenario?
A)encoding
B)storage
C)retrieval
D)elaboration
Q2) _____ refers to a person's knowledge about the world,his or her areas of expertise,general knowledge,and everyday knowledge.
A)Semantic memory
B)Episodic memory
C)Procedural memory
D)Implicit memory
Q3) According to research done on Alzheimer disease,how does an active mental life affect the occurrence of the disease?
Q4) Flashbulb memories are extremely accurate.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) If an outcome measure is normally distributed,this means that
A)all scores are around the average score.
B)all scores are below average.
C)most scores are around the average with some scores being lower or higher.
D)the scores are distributed across all points evenly.
Q2) Being receptive to other ways of looking at things is referred to as
A)critical thinking.
B)mindfulness.
C)convergent thinking.
D)open-mindedness.
Q3) Identify a true statement about the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
A)It is primarily based on an individual's mental age.
B)It tests an individual's ability to complete jigsaw puzzles.
C)It is the least popular method of measuring an individual's intelligence.
D)It provides a single IQ score rather than scores on various subscales.
Q4) Actively open-minded thinking refers to thinking that is flexible and open to questioning.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define the two essential components of critical thinking.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation,they are unable to
A)make judgments based on gut feelings.
B)think intuitively.
C)recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.
D)represent their world with words,images,and drawings.
Q2) Jill's parents set very few limits or boundaries for her.They use a(n)_____ parenting style.
A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)neglectful
D)permissive
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of teratogens?
A)Teratogens include only the chemical substances that are classified as alcohols.
B)The effects of chemical teratogens depend on the timing of exposure.
C)Teratogen refers to the birth defect caused by radiation.
D)Teratogens enhance the development of a fetus.
Q4) Explain Gottman's research about successful marriages.
Q5) Explain the concept of neglectful parenting as described by Diana Baumrind.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Extrinsic motivation is based on factors such as organismic needs (competence,relatedness,and autonomy), as well as curiosity,challenge,and fun.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Identify a true statement about the drive reduction theory.
A)Drive pertains to a physiological state,whereas need involves a psychological one.
B)Drive always follow from needs.
C)The goal of drive reduction theory is overlearning.
D)As a drive becomes stronger,an individual is motivated to decrease it.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of impulsive individuals?
A)They have a high level of self-regulation.
B)They are focused on careful planning of their goals.
C)They usually have trouble dealing with temptation.
D)They are extremely determined in sticking to their long-term goals in a variety of domains.
Q4) Explain self-determination theory.
Q5) Explain the concept of homeostasis.Give appropriate examples.
Q6) Discuss the psychological factors that contribute to obesity.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karen decides to become a teacher because she believes that teaching is the perfect career for a woman.The job requires no strenuous physical activity and requires a great deal of patience and understanding-attributes that are typically feminine according to Karen.The views that Karen has about the jobs that are suited to women can best be explained by the
A)evolutionary psychology approach.
B)biological approach.
C)social role theory.
D)attribution theory.
Q2) Sexual orientation refers to a person's direction of erotic interests.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Identify a true statement about intersex conditions.
A)They are congenital conditions that are present from birth.
B)They usually exclude disorders of sexual development.
C)They include psychological disorders that affect an individual's sexual identity.
D)They occur primarily during middle adulthood and old age.
Q4) Differentiate between heterosexuality and bisexuality in the context of sexual orientation.
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe self-efficacy as a personality characteristic that is related to good health.
Q2) Melvin is an ambitious employee who is striving hard to become a manager.He takes initiative,takes on more work than he can handle,and works longer hours than anyone else in his office.According to Murray's personological approach,Melvin's ambition is most reflective of the need for A)affiliation.
B)achievement.
C)displacement.
D)openness.
Q3) According to Rogers,unconditional positive regard,empathy,and genuineness are three essential ingredients of healthy human relations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ryan,who takes out his work-related frustration on his child instead of his boss,is demonstrating the defense mechanism of sublimation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Distinguish between Type A and Type B behavior patterns.
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lauren is watching a live golf tournament on television and sees a golfer frown after he makes his shot.Lauren would make the fundamental attribution error if she assumed that the golfer
A)just missed a putt.
B)has a volatile personality.
C)was thrown off by the flash of a camera.
D)thought it looked like it would rain.
Q2) Rachel's new roommate,Berta,has not done laundry for an entire week.Her clothes are lying all over their room.This leads Rachel to assume that Berta is an untidy and undisciplined person.What Rachel does not know is that Berta is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week.In the context of social cognition,Rachel is primarily _____ while explaining Berta's behavior.
A)using social comparison
B)making a fundamental attribution error
C)using the self-serving bias
D)relying on the false consensus effect
Q3) Describe the main difference between prejudice and discrimination.
Q4) Explain the social identity theory proposed by Henry Tajfel.
Q5) Explain the social exchange theory in the context of close relationships.
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Chapter 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mia,a human resource professional,describes the various tasks involved in her job role.She also identifies the skills and knowledge level required to perform the role successfully.In this case,Mia performs a A)job analysis.
B)job orientation.
C)job appraisal.
D)job evaluation.
Q2) Peter likes his job and looks forward to going to work each day.He recently became a father and wants to spend time with his newborn daughter,Eva.With reference to the information provided in this scenario,which of the following psychological states of stress is Peter most likely to experience in the future?
A)burnout
B)role strain
C)role conflict
D)job stress
Q3) A Theory Y manager tends to assume that work is innately unpleasant and that people have a strong desire to avoid it.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a psychological disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress.
A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Dissociative identity disorder
D)Dissociative amnesia
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of the sociocultural factors involved in suicide?
A)The highest suicide rates occur in countries with cultural norms against ending one's own life.
B)Suicide rates are found to be higher in states with a culture of honor.
C)Men are three times more likely to attempt suicide than women.
D)Women are four times more likely than men to complete a suicide attempt.
Q3) _____ is a psychological disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania-an overexcited,unrealistically optimistic state.
A)Disruptive mood disorder
B)Persistent depressive disorder
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Chapter 16: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kendall's therapist has asked her to imagine a large "X" when she begins to think about things that make her anxious.According to this information,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Kendall's therapist?
A)scaling
B)decatastrophizing
C)thought stopping
D)distraction
Q2) Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize
A)change of behavior rather than underlying thoughts.
B)unconscious thoughts rather than conscious thoughts.
C)the past rather than the present.
D)self-fulfillment rather than illness.
Q3) Which of the following psychotherapies is recommended for Karen who is at the terminal stage of lung cancer to cope with this illness?
A)applied behavioral analysis
B)psychodynamic therapy
C)cognitive-behavioral therapy
D)well-being therapy
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Chapter 17: Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a person's body's all-out effort to combat stress fails and the stress persists,the individual moves into the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
A)resistance
B)exhaustion
C)alarm and mobilization
D)coping
Q2) Mia began a running routine to lose weight last year.She now runs for the joy of running.Mia has
A)reached self-actualization.
B)become resistant to change.
C)reached transcendence.
D)adapted to her weight problem.
Q3) In the context of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),the body's immune system can fight off infection with remarkable efficiency during the A)alarm stage
B)resistance stage
C)exhaustion stage
D)primary stage
Q4) Describe emotion-focused coping,and give an example.
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