Psychology for Social Science
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology for Social Science explores the fundamental principles of human behavior and mental processes, emphasizing their application within societal contexts. This course introduces students to key psychological theories, research methods, and core concepts such as perception, learning, motivation, personality, and group dynamics. Special attention is given to how psychological factors influence individual and collective behavior, decision-making, attitudes, and social interaction. By examining real-world issues such as prejudice, communication, and social influence students gain critical insights into the ways psychology informs and enhances understanding of social phenomena, preparing them for advanced studies or careers in the social sciences.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Psychology 4th Edition by Laura King
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Q1) Psychology emerged from the disciplines of philosophy,biology,and physiology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) _____ is the broad name given to the field of psychology that specifically examines attention,consciousness,information processing,and memory.
A)Psychopathology
B)Cognitive psychology
C)Behavioral psychology
D)Psychoanalysis
Answer: B
Q3) Psychology has advanced as a field because psychologists do not always agree with one another about why the mind and behavior work as they do.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Psychologys Scientific Method
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Q1) In the context of ethical guidelines in psychological research,when data are confidential
A)it is possible to link a participant's identity to his or her datA.
B)it is possible for the dependent variable to influence the independent variable.
C)statistical significance becomes the same thing as real-world significance.
D)informed consent and debriefing are optional.
Answer: A
Q2) If Professor Jung wants to be able to draw cause and effect conclusions from her research,which of the following is the most crucial aspect of her experimental design?
A)naturalistic observation
B)random assignment
C)correlational research
D)cross-sectional design
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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Q1) A neurobiologist explains to his students that the human nervous system is analogous to electrical circuits in homes.If the circuit wires are not insulated,they are likely to cause a short circuit.In this scenario,the insulation on the wires can be likened to the _____ in the neural system.
A)terminal button
B)dendrites
C)cell body
D)myelin sheath
Answer: D
Q2) A part of David's brain was damaged in a ski accident.Once he was out of his coma,the doctors noticed that even though he could produce words in speech,he couldn't seem to understand the meanings of the words spoken by others.In this scenario,which of the following areas of David's brain was damaged that caused this symptom?
A)Broca's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)fusiform gyrus
D)motor cortex
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) A person's predisposition or readiness to perceive something in a particular way is known as
A)subliminal perception.
B)an optic illusion.
C)sensory adaptation.
D)a perceptual set.
Q2) In the context of the chemical senses,which of the following is true of the tongue?
A)Papillae are the inner linings of the tongue.
B)Teeth help the tongue to experience taste.
C)Taste buds are housed in the tongue.
D)The taste buds on the tongue cannot be replaceD.
Q3) In the context of the skin senses,which of the following is true of pain receptors?
A)They are present only in the skin.
B)They differ anatomically for different physical stimuli.
C)They respond not only to physical stimuli,but also to chemical stimuli.
D)They have a lower threshold for firing than receptors for temperature and touch.
Q4) Explain the functions of rods and cones in the context of the visual system.
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Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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Q1) Cocaine is the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa,which originated in Central Asia.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____ is a person's capacity to harness consciousness,to focus on specific thoughts while ignoring others.
A)Automatic processing
B)Executive function
C)Daydreaming
D)Metacognition
Q3) Explain narcolepsy and its effects.
Q4) The altered consciousness of hypnosis can be achieved through meditation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the effects of stimulants.
Q6) Multiple areas in the brain work together to create the feeling of awareness.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Explain the concept of incubation.
Q8) How does psychological dependence differ from physical dependence?
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Q1) Classical conditioning explains how neutral stimuli become associated with A)sensory adaptations.
B)perceptual sets.
C)involuntary responses.
D)vestibular senses.
Q2) In Pavlov's studies on classical conditioning,the bell was a(n)_____ before it was paired with the food.
A)neutral stimulus
B)conditioned stimulus
C)unconditioned stimulus
D)reinforced stimulus
Q3) Which of the following is true of a variable-interval schedule in operant conditioning?
A)It reinforces the first behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed.
B)It rewards behaviors an average number of times but on an unpredictable basis.
C)It reinforces a behavior after an inconsistent and unpredictable amount of time has elapsed.
D)It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors.
Q4) Differentiate between latent learning and insight learning.
Q5) List some of the effective strategies for developing a growth mindset.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) Fifteen-year-old Matt and his father are in an electronics store,looking at video game systems.Matt gives his father a complete breakdown of the pros and cons of each of the different video game systems on display.Which of the following is most likely the highest level of processing that has enabled Matt to accurately encode all of these details?
A)deep processing
B)shallow processing
C)intermediate processing
D)impersonal processing
Q2) Caitlin,a documentary maker,wants to make a documentary about the Second World War.Her interviewees recall witnessing bombings and being on the run.In this scenario,Caitlin is trying to access her interviewees'
A)echoic memory.
B)flashbulb memory.
C)procedural memory.
D)iconic memory.
Q3) All information gets into memory virtually automatically,without any effort.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Differentiate between short-term memory and working memory.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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Q1) Describe how an individual might involve his employees in solving a company problem using divergent and convergent thinking.
Q2) Ira invested in a stock six years ago.Since then,the value of her stock has reduced drastically.Ira is hesitant to pull out her money from the stock because she feels that she has already invested a lot of time and money into it.She feels that it is too late to make any decisions about her investment.Ira's belief best explains
A)the Flynn effect.
B)the sunk cost fallacy.
C)functional fixedness.
D)benefit finding.
Q3) Neil has been riding his bike to work for the last five years.Which of the following characteristics of concepts is being illustrated in this statement?
A)Concepts aid memory.
B)Concepts facilitate generalization.
C)Concepts facilitate association between experiences and objects.
D)Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object.
Q4) Discuss the type of thinking involved in creativity.List the characteristics of creative people.
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Q1) According to Erikson,who among the following people is expressing identity confusion?
A)Barney quit his job and is in pursuit of a job that is completely different from his previous job.
B)Dan is an architect who is happy with his job,and he has made many achievements in his career.
C)Peter tried to learn playing the guitar and realized that he is not good at it,so he is now planning to learn playing the piano.
D)Megan has suddenly isolated herself from her family and friends after being rejected by a local music banD.
Q2) Discuss the usefulness of reflexes that are present in a newborn infant.Explain why some reflexes disappear after a few months from birth.
Q3) An older adult who sees meaning in his or her life continues to live a satisfying existence.Erikson refers to this as
A)despair.
B)generativity.
C)intimacy.
D)integrity.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Q1) Identify a true statement about overlearning.
A)It is ineffective in a state of crisis.
B)It adversely affects the performance of a task.
C)It reduces the ability of an individual to achieve homeostasis.
D)It is reliable under conditions of high arousal.
Q2) Many elementary school teachers offer prizes to students who read the most books during an academic year.The failure of many students to read books during the summer vacations may be due to a lack of A)relatedness.
B)self-actualization.
C)intrinsic motivation.
D)competence.
Q3) A major criticism of the drive reduction theory is that it does not provide a comprehensive framework for understanding motivation because A)all behaviors reduce drives.
B)people often behave in ways that increase drives.
C)there is no behavior that actually reduces drives.
D)the concept of drive reduction has never been proven.
Q4) Discuss the psychological factors that contribute to obesity.
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Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
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Q1) Identify a true statement about the internal reproductive structures and external genitalia in males and females.
A)External genitalia of females include the mons pubis,the labia,and the clitoris.
B)External genitalia of males are collectively called the vulva.
C)Penis and scrotum form the internal reproductive structures in males.
D)Breasts are an integral part of the internal reproductive structure in females.
Q2) Garrett,a 20-year-old male,was recently convicted for forcing prepubescent girls and boys to engage in sexual activities with him in his home.Which of the following best describes Garrett's paraphilic disorder?
A)pedophilic disorder
B)hermaphroditism
C)gender identity disorder
D)transvestitism
Q3) Gonads are glands that produce sperm in males.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Briefly describe how the social cognitive approaches view gender development.
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Q1) According to Bandura,_____ is the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task and produce positive change.
A)conscientiousness
B)self-efficacy
C)egoism
D)self-actualization
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of defense mechanisms?
A)Defense mechanisms are unconscious.
B)Defense mechanisms are the strategies used by the superego.
C)The use of defense mechanisms involves an honest acceptance of reality.
D)The use of defense mechanisms increases one's anxiety levels.
Q3) Discuss the structures of personality conceptualized by Freud.
Q4) Animated movies sometimes depict an individual's personal conflict by showing the individual with an angel on one shoulder and a devil on the other.The angel is most analogous to Freud's idea of the _____ and the devil is most analogous to Freud's idea of the
A)superego;id
B)ego;superego
C)ego;id
D)superego;ego
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Q1) In the context of social influence,explain why Sean may benefit from having friends around while giving a class presentation.
Q2) _____ refers to an individual's motivation to reject attempts to be controlled.
A)Obedience
B)Conformity
C)Reactance
D)Aggression
Q3) When one uses the representativeness heuristic,one ignores unbiased information in favor of the resemblance between a person and one's image of a typical member of a group.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the social exchange theory of close relationships,Peter and Berta are most likely to be happily married because
A)they go for vacations often.
B)they find each other attractive.
C)they have similar interests.
D)they contribute equally to chores.
Q5) Describe the investment model of close relationships.
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Chapter 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Q1) During the annual performance appraisal,Jill's supervisor gives her a "9" on a scale of "1" to "10" for all the assessment items.Jill's colleagues,however,are aware that Jill's efficiency was more like a "6" on the "1-to- 10" scale even though her work quality was a "9." Which of the following biases has been exhibited by Jill's supervisor in this instance?
A)the Hawthorne effect
B)the halo effect
C)interviewer's illusion
D)stereotyping
Q2) Ryan works as a software engineer at Sysinfo Inc. ,a software firm.He usually comes in early for work and stays late,beyond the normal working hours.He also assists his colleagues with assignments when they approach him for help.In this scenario,Ryan's conduct exemplifies
A)organizational citizenship behavior.
B)the Hawthorne effect.
C)the halo effect.
D)continuance commitment.
Q3) Pay is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?
A)It is the only diagnostic system.
B)It relies on procedural norms and objective judgments.
C)It includes new diagnoses such as binge eating disorder and gambling addiction.
D)It was published by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Q2) Candice routinely blows every little setback out of proportion.For example,when she forgot to turn in her algebra homework,she was convinced that she would fail the class.Candice is also in the habit of blaming herself for negative events.She believes that she is solely responsible for all her failures and that she can never improve.In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood,Candice is at a greater risk of developing A)depression.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)social anxiety disorder.
Q3) Describe both the positive and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
Q4) What are the major criticisms associated with DSM-5?
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Chapter 16: Therapies
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Q1) Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech?
A)Mary,who comforts Joel because he is extremely anxious about his results.
B)Alan,who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work as he is frustrated with his boss.
C)Horace,who tells his mother to quit her job at a departmental store because of her failing health.
D)Gayle,who congratulates his colleague,Neil,for performing well on a project.
Q2) Which of the following is a primary goal of humanistic therapists?
A)to change maladaptive behaviors
B)to maximize the growth potential
C)to resolve unconscious conflicts
D)to change irrational thoughts
Q3) Which of the following psychotherapies is recommended for Karen who is at the terminal stage of lung cancer to cope with this illness?
A)applied behavioral analysis
B)psychodynamic therapy
C)cognitive-behavioral therapy
D)well-being therapy
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Chapter 17: Health Psychology
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Q1) _____ directs the cells to make sugar,fat,and protein available so that the body can take quick actions in stressful situations.
A)Corticotropin-releasing hormone
B)Melanin
C)Thyroxin
D)Cortisol
Q2) Asha is a health expert.In the context of becoming physically active,she is most likely to state that
A)children must refrain from exercising,as exercises are intense,structured activities.
B)adults must engage in at least 10 minutes of moderate physical activity twice a week.
C)adults must engage in at least 120 minutes of intense physical activity on all days of the week.
D)children must exercise for 60 minutes on most,preferably all,days of the week.
Q3) In the context of the stages of change model,one challenge during the maintenance stage is to find ways to support relapse.
A)True
B)False
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