Psychology for Nursing Exam
Answer Key
Course Introduction
Psychology for Nursing introduces students to the fundamental principles of psychology as they apply to nursing practice. The course explores human behavior, mental processes, and emotional responses in the context of health and illness, emphasizing the psychological needs of patients across the lifespan. Topics include psychological development, communication techniques, stress and coping mechanisms, mental health disorders, and the nurse-patient relationship. By understanding psychological theories and applying them in clinical settings, nursing students learn to provide holistic care that addresses both the physical and emotional well-being of their patients.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Modules for Active Learning 13th Edition by Dennis Coon
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82 Chapters
14792 Verified Questions
14792 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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220 Verified Questions
220 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For best results,make your mnemonic images
A)exaggerated or bizarre.
B)vivid.
C)interactive.
D)all of these.
Answer: D
Q2) Kendra is reading Module 2 in her psychology textbook,and she comes to the major module heading of "Critical Thinking-Take It with a Grain of Salt." She should
A)keep reading.
B)turn the heading into a question.
C)look up the term "critical thinking" in the dictionary or Wikipedia.
D)reflect on what salt has to do with critical thinking.
Answer: B
Q3) In the psychology textbook,a running glossary is located
A)at the beginning of each module.
B)at the end of each module.
C)near the end of the book.
D)in the lower right-hand corner of the module pages.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: How to Study Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When students review their notes over many relatively short study sessions,it is referred to as ______ practice.
A)spaced
B)massed
C)sequential
D)experiential
Answer: A
Q2) According to your textbook authors,students who get good grades and remember more of the material long after the course is over
A)studied early in the morning rather than right before they went to sleep.
B)worked smarter,not just longer and harder.
C)tended to read each Chapter at least three times.
D)tried not to overlearn the material,since this usually causes confusion.
Answer: B
Q3) For best results,one should make mnemonic images exaggerated or bizarre.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) An expert tells you that "you can catch a cold by not wearing a coat when it is cold." If you are a critical thinker,you would
A)accept his statement since you remember catching a cold after you forgot your coat.
B)accept his statement because it is based on commonsense reasoning.
C)ask him to list additional experts that support his theory.
D)ask to see the empirical evidence that supports his theory.
Answer: D
Q2) Psychologists study behavior directly by systematically collecting data,or ______ facts.
A)commonsense
B)deduced
C)observed
D)inferred
Answer: C
Q3) A system of ideas designed to interrelate concepts and facts in a way that summarizes existing data and predicts future observations is called a(n) ______.
Answer: theory
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs is called
A)relative deprivation.
B)normal behavior.
C)ethnocentric behavior.
D)cultural relativity.
Q2) Today,most humanistic psychologists
A)believe that people's behaviors are determined by forces beyond their control.
B)believe that people are ruled by unconscious forces.
C)still treat psychology as a philosophy rather than a science.
D)do research to test their ideas just as other psychologists do.
Q3) Aaron earned a Psy.D.This means that he will most likely be
A)employed by a university as a psychological researcher and professor.
B)conducting therapy at a community mental health clinic.
C)prescribing medication to severely disturbed patients.
D)visiting patients' homes to evaluate family and living conditions.
Q4) Explain why humanistic psychologists rejected the claims of psychodynamic theories and behaviorism,and then briefly explain the humanistic approach to psychology.
Page 6
Q5) Sigmund Freud's approach to psychotherapy is known as ______.
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Chapter 5: Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding biases in research,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Much of the popularity of herbal health remedies is based on the placebo effect.
B)Single-blind experiments are used to control researcher bias.
C)Double-blind experiments control for both researcher bias and research participant bias.
D)Double-blind testing has shown that about 50 percent of the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs,such as Prozac,is due to the placebo effect.
Q2) A teacher wants to find out if a problem-based history program is superior to the regular history curriculum being used.The motivation and intelligence of the students participating in the new and the regular history programs would be considered the ______ variables.
A)independent
B)dependent
C)extraneous
D)control
Q3) The participants exposed to the independent variable would be in the ______ group.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental
Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tendency for people to give "polite" or socially desirable answers to survey questions is called the
Q2) One way to reduce the effects of the presence of the observer on the behavior of the observed is to
A)conceal the observer or use hidden camera recorders.
B)take careful notes using a rating scale.
C)make friends with the observed.
D)record only selected details by using a behavioral assessment instrument.
Q3) A police officer expecting criminal behavior shoots a person who is reaching for his wallet because he perceives the suspect as reaching for a gun.This is a dangerous example of the
A)anthropomorphic error.
B)placebo effect.
C)observer bias.
D)observer effect.
Q4) Regarding the strength of the relationship,a correlation coefficient of -.92 would indicate a _______ negative relationship.
8
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Chapter 7: Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) A psychologist finds that most of the juvenile delinquents at the facility where he counsels have parents who are smokers.If he concludes that parental smoking is the reason for these teens' behavior and poor choices,then he has A)made a sound conclusion based on scientific observation. B)confused correlation and causation.
C)based his conclusion on unreliable sources of information. D)confused observation and inference.
Q2) When reading the claims of makers of home biofeedback machines,sleep-learning devices,subliminal CDs,and the like,it is important to A)realize that the authenticity of the report has been thoroughly checked by the media. B)be wary of overly complex explanations.
C)consider the number of experts that are promoting the product. D)consider whether the information is motivated by monetary gain.
Q3) If you see a course advertised that offers a "new personality in three sessions" or "six steps to love and fulfillment in marriage," you should beware of these _______.
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Chapter 8: Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that the inside of human neurons measures about -70 millivolts compared to the outside of the cell allows each neuron to act like a A)tiny battery.
B)chemical reactor.
C)ion channel.
D)shock absorber.
Q2) A reflex arc involves a sensory neuron,a motor neuron,and a(n) _______ neuron.
A)cranial
B)connector
C)deductor
D)inductor
Q3) The electrically charged molecules that are involved in a nerve impulse are called A)axons.
B)dendrites.
C)ampules.
D)ions.
Q4) The capacity of our brains to change in response to experience is referred to as _______.
Q5) The brain and spinal cord make up the _______ nervous system.
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Chapter 9: Brain and Behavior: Brain Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of an electrode to destroy small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called
A)PET.
B)neural induction.
C)deep lesioning.
D)electroencephalography.
Q2) If damage to a particular part of the brain consistently leads to a particular loss of function,then we say that the function is
A)localized in that structure.
B)generalized for that structure.
C)ablated within that structure.
D)constrained to that structure.
Q3) Martina has what appears to be a seizure.To verify whether Martina has epilepsy,her doctor affixes small disk- shaped mental plates to Martina's scalp in order to obtain a recording of her brain waves.What technique is being utilized?
A)MRI
B)EEG
C)PET scan
D)CT scan
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to men,women have more gray and white matter concentrated in their _______ lobes.
Q2) Using an electrode,an experimenter produces flashes of colored light and simple visual experiences in a patient undergoing brain surgery.Most likely she has activated the _______ lobes.
A)parietal
B)frontal
C)occipital
D)temporal
Q3) Due to neuroplasticity,violin,viola,and cello players have a larger proportion of which of the following areas devoted to their hands?
A)association cortex
B)primary motor cortex
C)reticular formation
D)limbic system
Q4) Describe the structural differences in the brains of men and women,and explain the differences in how their brains are specialized to deal with intellectual and language capabilities and how these differences affect their ability to compensate for brain damage.
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Chapter 11: Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a correct match between endocrine gland and hormone?
A)pineal gland--------melatonin
B)pituitary gland-----growth hormone
C)adrenal gland------epinephrine
D)pancreas-----------corticoids
Q2) Damage to which part of the limbic system would most likely impair memory?
A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus
Q3) Musicians,who practice special motor skills throughout their lives,have larger than average cerebellums.
A)True
B)False
Q4) As the spinal cord joins the brain,it widens into the A)brainstem.
B)cerebrum.
C)limbic system.
D)corpus callosum.
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Chapter 12: Psychology in Action: Handedness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Janine usually uses her right hand when she writes,but she may throw a ball or reach for something with either hand.According to research,people,like Janine,who show a mixed handedness are at higher risk for developing which of the following?
A)immune-related diseases
B)allergies and learning disorders
C)spatial neglect
D)facial agnosia
Q2) Lefthanded people,or "lefties," have often been characterized as A)clumsy and unlucky.
B)skillful and just.
C)caring and sincere.
D)emotionally stable and friendly.
Q3) What is considered the single most important behavioral indicator of sideness?
A)eye preference
B)ear preference
C)leg movement
D)handedness
Q4) The best evidence to date shows that left-handedness is more common in males and is influenced by a single gene on the _______ chromosome.
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Chapter 13: Human Development: Heredity and Environment
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206 Verified Questions
206 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the human growth sequence,the period from a few weeks after birth until the child is walking securely would be known as A)the fetal period.
B)the neonatal period.
C)infancy.
D)toddlerhood.
Q2) Ben touches his newborn brother's palm,and his little brother takes hold of Ben's finger and will not let go, illustrating the Babinski reflex.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Nature is to heredity as nurture is to A)environment. B)genetics.
C)maturation.
D)readiness.
Q4) Muscular control spreads in a developmental pattern from the center of the body to the extremities,according to the __________ pattern.
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Chapter 14: Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood
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170 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarah believes that most people are well intentioned.She is comfortable relying on her husband and friends and having them depend on her.Sarah does not worry about being abandoned by her husband.According to the research on adult attachment style,Sarah would be described as having a(n) _______ attachment style.
A)ambivalent
B)avoidant
C)secure
D)dependent
Q2) Eleven-year-old Justin wants to go to the movies with his friends.His parents explain that they know he wants to go but that it is important that the whole family go to a supper honoring his grandfather tonight.This style of parenting in which parents give reasons for their decisions will most likely lead Justin to be a(n)
A)dependent,immature child who misbehaves frequently when his parents are not around.
B)competent,self-controlled,independent,and resilient child.
C)emotionally stiff,withdrawn,and apprehensive child,lacking in curiosity.
D)aimless,vindictive child who is likely to have major problems and get into trouble.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent research on infant cognition suggests that infants appear to form internal representations of the world and to know that objects are solid and do not disappear when out of view
A)as young as three months of age.
B)only after a lengthy sensorimotor stage.
C)only after speech has progressed beyond its earliest stages.
D)around 18 months of age.
Q2) During which cognitive stage do children learn to think symbolically and to use language,although their thinking will still be very intuitive?
A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operations
Q3) Because Rachel is too young to make transformations,she is unable to
A)distinguish between a larger circle and a smaller circle.
B)mentally change the shape of clay from a ball to a worm.
C)tell who is taller,mommy or daddy.
D)recognize colors.
Q4) The false-belief task is used to assess whether a child has developed _______.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Human Development: Adolescence and
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Through play,preschoolers learn to make plans and carry out tasks during which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?
A)trust versus mistrust
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)initiative versus guilt
D)industry versus inferiority
Q2) Regarding Kohlberg's moral development levels,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
A)The rate of advancement through Kohlberg's moral development levels is relatively constant for every individual.
B)Almost everyone reaches the postconventional level.
C)Young children and delinquents most frequently show moral reasoning at the preconventional level.
D)All of these statements are true.
Q3) You are about to start your first teaching job as a fourth grade teacher.Your sister teaches tenth grade social studies.Using Erikson's theory,describe the psychosocial dilemmas that most of the students will be facing in your class and in your sister's.In addition,explain the problems that may be faced by the adolescents of ethnic descent in your sister's class.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sandra has experienced a great deal of misfortune during the last ten years,while Teresa has experienced an abundance of wonderful life events during the same ten years.However,Sandra appears to be a much happier person than Teresa.Which of the following is the best explanation for these two women's emotional states?
A)Although Teresa does not appear to be extremely happy on the outside,she must really be very happy since it is one's life events that determine subjective wellbeing.
B)Sandra is in denial regarding her "sad" situation and will suffer depression and poor health in the future.
C)Sandra must be good at negotiating and managing these unhappy events in her life. D)Teresa most likely has a mental illness that is preventing her from experiencing happiness.
Q2) Explain how and why each of the following factors influences one's happiness: (a)life events; (b)income,including the effects of "instant riches"; (c)education; (d)marital status; (e)religion; (f)age; (g)gender;and (h)work.
Q3) Research shows that people tend to be happy if they are making progress toward their personal _____.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond same or different as he or she compares the intensities.The researcher is seeking the _____ threshold.
A)difference
B)absolute
C)subliminal
D)phosphene
Q2) The "seat of your pants phenomenon" and the "cocktail party effect" refer to A)sensory conflict and the involuntary focusing on a specific sensory input.
B)mixed attention and the voluntary focusing on many inputs.
C)selective attention and the voluntary focusing on a specific sensory input. D)subliminal perception and the involuntary focusing on many inputs.
Q3) Describe sensory localization,and explain how this process may someday make it possible to artificially restore sight,hearing,or others senses.
Q4) If you do not hear the traffic outside your psychology class because you are engrossed in the lecture,then you are exhibiting selective attention.
A)True
B)False
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Sensation and Perception: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humans respond to different wavelengths of light by experiencing differing A)hues.
B)levels of brightness.
C)amounts of saturation.
D)amplitudes.
Q2) The shortest wavelengths of visible light are sensed as red,while the longest wavelengths of light are sensed as purple.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Myopia is the condition of the eyes in which the person cannot
A)focus on distant objects.
B)see very well in dim illumination.
C)focus on objects near the eyes.
D)see clearly because the lens is pigmented.
Q4) Saturated or pure hues are produced by which type of wavelengths?
A)wide band
B)narrow band
C)combination
D)high amplitude
Q5) The most common test for color blindness or color weakness is the _____ test.
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Chapter 20: Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding hearing,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Hearing collects information from all around the body,while vision is limited to stimuli in front of the eyes.
B)Sound waves travel as a series of invisible waves of compression and rarefaction.
C)Sound can travel in fluids or solids.
D)The frequency is the physical "height" of a sound wave and tells how much energy it contains.
Q2) Anosmia can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT
A)exposure to ammonia.
B)a recessive sex-linked trait.
C)blows to the head.
D)infections and allergies.
Q3) The faintest sound most people can hear is _______ decibels.
A)0 to 10
B)20 to 30
C)40 to 50
D)60 to 70
Q4) The theory of hearing that explains how sounds up to about 4,000 hertz reach the brain is the _______ theory.
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Chapter 21: Sensation and Perception: Perceptual
Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Necker's cube and the Rorschach inkblots are both good examples of impossible figures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ability to see a line on a piece of paper is considered to be A)native.
B)empirical.
C)extrinsic.
D)exogenous.
Q3) The tendency to group together objects that are the same size,shape,color,or form is known as A)closure.
B)continuation.
C)similarity.
D)nearness.
Q4) Convergence and retinal disparity are similar in that both are monocular cues. A)True
B)False
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Q5) Much of the apparent depth of a good movie comes from the relative motion captured by the camera,a feature also known as ___________.
Chapter 22: Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity
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Sample Questions
Q1) One's perceptual accuracy can be enhanced through the creation of perceptional sets.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Because Robin has more experience with people from her own race,she is better able to recognize people from her own race because she is more familiar with the features that help us recognize different persons.This illustrates the importance of
A)habituation.
B)sensory adaptation.
C)perceptual learning.
D)dishabituation.
Q3) In general,learning tends to create A)dishabituation.
B)stereoscopic vision.
C)habitual revision.
D)perceptual habits.
Q4) Creative people habituate more slowly than average. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) In ESP tests using Zener cards,pure guessing in these tests would produce an average score of five"hits" out of 25 cards.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regarding stage performers and "psychic hot lines," which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Miss Cleo was really an actress from Los Angeles,not a Jamaican psychic.
B)People who paid $4.99 a minute for a reading from Miss Cleo actually reached one of several hundred operators,hired through ads that read,"No experience necessary."
C)The owners of the Miss Cleo psychic hot line were convicted of felony fraud.
D)Unlike telephone psychics,psychics who perform ESP on stage are demonstrating true telepathic and clairvoyant abilities.
Q3) Improved research techniques in parapsychology have resulted in
A)the ability to replicate spectacular results.
B)fewer positive results.
C)less skepticism among scientists about ESP.
D)fewer instances of the "decline effect."
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25
Chapter 24: Consciousness: States of Consciousness
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Q1) Sheliah is trying to meditate.She repeats the soothing word "om" as necessary to maintain meditation.Sheliah is using
A)dissociation.
B)inhibition.
C)a mantra.
D)a GHB.
Q2) If you are hypnotized,which of the following are you NOT likely to experience?
A)feelings of floating or sinking
B)feelings of anesthesia or separation from your body
C)feelings that your actions are automatic.
D)the experience of hypnopompic imagery and the hypnic reflex
Q3) Which of the following has NOT been shown to be an effect of mild sensory deprivation?
A)enhancing musical and sports performance skills
B)loosening "belief" systems so that it is easier for people to lose weight
C)reducing psychotic symptoms
D)reducing the use of alcohol and drugs
Q4) Compare and contrast the two major forms of meditation;explain the benefits of meditation;and discuss mild sensory deprivation and its therapeutic uses.
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Chapter 25: Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams
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Sample Questions
Q1) Being prevented from getting desired or needed amounts of sleep is known as A)hypersomnia.
B)insomnia.
C)sleep deprivation.
D)sleep apnea.
Q2) Regarding the current research on dream content,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)The favorite dream setting is a familiar room in a house.
B)About half of all dreams have sexual elements.
C)The occurrence of bizarre dreams lends some support to the activation-synthesis hypothesis.
D)Dreams of flying,floating,and falling occur more frequently than dreams involving running,sitting,and talking.
Q3) Having bizarre experiences upon awakening,such as sensing an alien being is in one's bedroom,is characteristic of the condition known as REM behavior disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Short bursts of brain activity in Stage 2 sleep are called _______.
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Chapter 26: Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs
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Q1) Regarding marijuana,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)When surveyed,nonusers of marijuana were found to be healthier,to earn more,and to be more satisfied with their lives than people who smoke marijuana regularly.
B)Marijuana is classified as a mild hallucinogen.
C)Marijuana use has been found to be associated with mental health problems.
D)Marijuana has not been shown to cause a physical dependence.
Q2) Which of the following drugs are sometimes referred to as "solid alcohol"?
A)marijuana and hashish
B)barbiturates and tranquilizers
C)"crystal meth" and cocaine
D)amphetamines and heroin
Q3) Alcohol is classified as a(n)
A)stimulant.
B)depressant.
C)hallucinogen.
D)amphetamine.
Q4) Chronic marijuana users are more prone to develop psychosis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 27: Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drugs that tend to suppress dreaming by interfering with REM sleep include A)alcohol.
B)cocaine.
C)marijuana.
D)all of these.
Q2) Sue dreams about a child sitting in her bedroom crying,while Sue runs around trying to console the child.According to Freud,this one child represents all the people in her life that Sue is attempting to care for,including her elderly mother,her husband,her children,and her students.Since this one dream character represents so many aspects of Sue's life,the dream process being utilized is
A)displacement.
B)sublimation.
C)condensation.
D)secondary elaboration.
Q3) Alcohol,amphetamines,barbiturates,cocaine,marijuana,and opiates tend to A)increase dreaming by increasing REM sleep.
B)suppress dreaming by interfering with REM sleep.
C)cause narcolepsy and cataplexy in older individuals.
D)cause sleepwalking and sleeptalking in adolescents and young adults.
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Q4) Describe Sigmund Freud's four dream processes and give an example of each.
Chapter 28: Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning
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Q1) Operant conditioning is based on
A)the consequences of making a response.
B)what happens before we respond.
C)an association between two reflexes.
D)an association between stimuli.
Q2) A core assumption of early theories of associative learning was that learning did not require any thinking,or cognition.Animals,it was widely assumed,did not have "minds" and certainly could not "think" in anyway like humans do.A classic series of studies conducted in the 1930s at the University of California at Berkeley,began to challenge this assumption.These experiments that involved rats finding their way through mazes and which demonstrated latent learning were conducted by psychologist
A)Edward Tolman.
B)B.F.Skinner.
C)John B.Watson.
D)Albert Bandura.
Q3) Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to _______.
Q4) Skills,such as dancing,tying your shoe,or playing a guitar,are most easily learned through modeling,or ___________ learning.
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Chapter 29: Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning
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Q1) A child watches other children wince with pain as they receive hypodermic injections.Although the child has never received an injection,he responds emotionally when a needle is brought near him.His reaction is an example of
A)operant conditioning.
B)spontaneous recovery of fear.
C)simple classical conditioning.
D)vicarious classical conditioning.
Q2) After repeatedly pairing the appearance of a nurse in green scrubs with the painful experience of getting a vaccination,the patient will react every time they see a nurse in green grubs enter the room.In this example,the nurse in the green scrubs is a(n)
A)conditioned response (CR).
B)conditioned stimulus (CS).
C)unconditioned response (UR).
D)unconditioned stimulus (US).
Q3) Advertisers often try to use higher-order conditioning by pairing images that evoke good feelings with pictures of their products.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant
Conditioning
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Q1) You are a very good skater,but you did not start out that way.Your mother reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months.This process is known as
A)shaping.
B)latent learning.
C)vicarious classical conditioning.
D)intermittent conditioning.
Q2) In which type of learning are new behavior patterns molded by changing the probability that various responses will be made?
A)Pavlovian conditioning
B)respondent conditioning
C)classical conditioning
D)operant conditioning
Q3) Regarding a comparison of classical and operant conditioning,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)The learner is passive during operant conditioning.
B)The reinforcer occurs before the response during operant conditioning.
C)Classical conditioning involves voluntary responses.
D)Responses are elicited during classical conditioning.
Q4) Define discriminative stimuli,and provide two real-life examples of its use.
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Chapter 31: Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment
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Q1) The removal of a pleasant state of affairs that reduces the frequency of a target behavior is referred to as response cost,or
A)positive punishment.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)negative punishment.
D)nonreinforcement.
Q2) When you are first learning golf,you may hit three or four very great shots in an entire round with these great shots being somewhat random and unpredictable.You are being reinforced on what kind of partial reinforcement schedule?
A)fixed interval
B)fixed ratio
C)variable ratio
D)variable interval
Q3) Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?
A)sex
B)grades
C)food
D)a pain-relieving drug
Q4) Time-out is an example of negative punishment,which is also called _______.
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Chapter 32: Psychology in Action: Behavioral
Self-Management
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Q1) Juan likes to play video games,but he also needs to increase his exercise time.So,he decides to only play a video game after he has exercised for 30 minutes.Using video game playing as a reward for exercising illustrates the use of
A)the Premack principle.
B)latent learning.
C)higher order conditioning.
D)the law of association.
Q2) Self-management based on keeping records of response frequencies is known as A)the Premack principle.
B)observational learning.
C)self-recording.
D)response chaining.
Q3) The principles of which of the following have been adapted for use in behavioral self-management?
A)divergent thinking
B)operant conditioning
C)cognitive mapping
D)self-hypnosis
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Chapter 33: Memory: Memory Systems
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Q1) Every extra commercial you view adds one more positive memory of the product to your long-term memory,which increases your positive impression of the product,a process known as memory jamming.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Information in long-term memory can be retained for
A)30 minutes
B)one hour.
C)ten hours.
D)many years.
Q3) Most of our basic factual knowledge about the world is almost totally immune to forgetting and includes the names of objects,the days of the week,simple math skills,and the seasons of the year.This type of declarative memory is called _______ memory.
A)procedural
B)semantic
C)episodic
D)eidetic
Q4) Iconic and echoic memories are part of the stage of memory known as _______ memory.
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Chapter 34: Memory: Forgetting
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Q1) Memories currently stored in memory are available,but in order for them to be retrieved,they must be
A)redintegrated.
B)accessible.
C)procedural memories.
D)implicit memories.
Q2) If you can't remember whose picture is on a U.S.ten dollar bill,the most likely reason is
A)encoding failure.
B)proactive interference.
C)disuse.
D)retroactive interference.
Q3) You made an "F" on your first psychology test.Whenever that grade creeps into your mind,you consciously push it back out of your mind.This illustrates A)repression.
B)suppression.
C)disuse.
D)interference.
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Chapter 35: Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory
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Q1) While you are driving,you often talk on your cell phone or change channels on your radio because driving
A)is performed using a well-defined explicit memory.
B)was learned through massed practice.
C)has become overlearned.
D)has numerous retrieval cues to aid in its performance.
Q2) Regarding how your study schedule,sleeping,and eating affect memory,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Eating before a test tends to lower one's performance on memory tests.
B)Drinking coffee will not hurt your test performance.
C)Your study schedule should include ample breaks between subjects.
D)Sleeping after studying reduces interference.
Q3) Most individuals with exceptional memory use
A)no particular strategy.
B)intensive maintenance rehearsal.
C)tape recorders with numerous play backs of the information.
D)memory strategies,such as mnemonics and chunking.
Q4) Explain the differences in mental images and eidetic imagery.
Page 37
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Chapter 36: Psychology in Action: Mnemonics
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Q1) Your teacher has you learn the following: "One is bun,two is a shoe,three is a tree,four is a door,five is a hive,six is sticks,seven is heaven,eight is a gate,nine is a line,and ten is a hen." Then,he gives you a list of words to remember and instructs you to form an image associating the first listed word "frog" with "bun," which rhymes with "one" for the first word in the sequence.You picture a "frogburger on a bun." Then you associate the shoe with the second listed item,and so on.You are
A)using acrostics.
B)forming a chain.
C)using a system.
D)using the keyword method.
Q2) Which of the following is a mnemonic technique?
A)Making a rhyme out of the last letter of all items in a list to be recalled.
B)Using maintenance rehearsal to keep information in long-term memory.
C)Making bizarre and unusual associations.
D)Using the tip-of-the-tongue effect.
Q3) Provide an example of how each of the following mnemonic methods could be used to remember a psychology concept or term: (a)the keyword method, (b)forming a story or a chain, (c)taking a mental walk,and (d)using a system.
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Chapter 37: Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language
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Q1) An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept is a(n)
A)algorithm.
B)heuristic.
C)prototype.
D)relational concept.
Q2) Regarding the study of words and language,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Studies have shown that words get much of their meaning from context.
B)The study of the meaning of words and language is called grammar.
C)The words we use greatly affect how we think about an object or event.
D)Thinking may occur without language.
Q3) At its most elementary level,which of the following is based on experiences with positive and negative instances?
A)prototyping
B)the random search strategy
C)synesthesia
D)concept formation
Q4) The process of thinking or mentally processing information is called _______.
Q5) The study of meaning in words and language is known as _______.
Q6) Thought that is active,effortful,and controlled is called _______ processing. Page 39
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Chapter 38: Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving
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Q1) The problemsolving ability known as "selective comparison" involves comparing new problems with
A)old information or with problems already solved.
B)novel possibilities for uses of objects used in problem-solving.
C)mental images of projected solutions.
D)seemingly unrelated bits of information.
Q2) Describe and give an example of how a problem could be solved in each of the following ways: (A)mechanically by rote, (B)through understanding, (C)by using a random search strategy, (D)by using heuristics,and (E)through insight.
Q3) A rigidity in problem solving caused by the inability to see new uses for familiar objects is termed
A)disjunctive thinking.
B)functional fixedness.
C)proactive inhibition.
D)retroactive interference.
Q4) A detailed,practical,and workable solution to a problem is called a(n) _______ solution.
Q5) A sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious is referred to as _______.
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Chapter 39: Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition
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Q1) People readily get married even though the divorce rate is almost 50 percent,which illustrates how people in deciding to get married tend to ignore the _______.
Q2) Ignoring the base rate
A)involves paying careful attention to the underlying probability of an event occurring.
B)encourages a person to be mentally flexible in making decisions.
C)is similar to thinking that you or a situation is an exception to the rule.
D)consists of using inductive thinking rather than deductive thinking.
Q3) A large drunken guy in a bar insults Josh's girlfriend.Josh is very angry,but he takes a few deep breaths and "counts to ten." These deep breaths and "counting to ten" will most likely
A)give the drunken guy an opportunity to apologize to Josh and his girlfriend.
B)cause Josh to react too slowly and give the drunken guy the opportunity to hit Josh.
C)calm Josh so that he will make a rational decision not to fight.
D)prevent Josh from crying and making "a fool out of himself" in front of his girlfriend.
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Chapter 40: Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence
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Q1) One explanation for the extraordinary performances of people with savant syndrome is that an area of the brain is damaged,freeing the person from the "distractions" of language,concepts,and higherlevel thoughts.This area of the brain that is theorized to be damaged in persons with savant syndrome is the
A)reticular formation
B)right hemisphere
C)left hemisphere
D)corpus callosum
Q2) Regarding the Wechsler tests,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)The Wechsler scales yield a single overall IQ.
B)The Wechsler scales do not have a version suitable for children.
C)The Wechsler scales yield separate scores for performance intelligence and verbal intelligence.
D)The WAIS-IV is designed specifically for testing the intelligence of adults.
Q3) Having a high IQ
A)reveals potential.
B)predicts mental instability.
C)guarantees success,while a lower IQ guarantees failure.
D)guarantees failure,while a lower IQ guarantees success.
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Chapter 41: Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity
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Q1) In order to be creative,one needs time to revise or embellish initial solutions,which allows time
A)to create mental sets.
B)to "thinslice" the solution.
C)for incubation.
D)for consolidation.
Q2) People who think in conventional ways cannot live intelligent,successful,and fulfilling lives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When ideas are freely generated during brainstorming,it A)leads to faulty logic.
B)results in the cognitive overload effect.
C)leads to functional fixedness.
D)enhances creativity.
Q4) Even when solutions are based on rapid insight,one needs to be able to revise or embellish these initial solutions.Therefore,one needs to allow time for the stage of creative thought that proceeds on a subconscious level,which is
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Chapter 42: Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions
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Q1) Regarding jet lag,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)If you fly great distances east or west,the peaks and valleys of your circadian rhythms will be out of phase with the sun and clocks.
B)Adjusting to jet lag is fastest when you stay indoors.
C)Shift work changes can have the same effect on the body as jet lag.
D)A few intermittent five-minute periods of exposure to bright light early in the morning are helpful for resetting your circadian rhythm.
Q2) Basic emotions develop
A)early in infancy.
B)in toddlerhood as language develops.
C)in preschool through learning.
D)in early elementary through socialization.
Q3) Basic emotions arise through _______ processing.
A)reflective
B)experiential
C)inductive
D)deductive
Q4) The "target" of one's motivated behavior is known as a(n) _______.
Page 45
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Chapter 43: Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail
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Q1) According to arousal theory,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)An individual becomes uncomfortable when arousal is too low or too high.
B)The right mix of activities prevents boredom and overstimulation.
C)The arousal theory explains the activation of our learned needs for achievement and power.
D)Most adults vary their activities to keep arousal at a moderate level of activation.
Q2) Regarding thirst,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Thirst is strongly affected by learning and cultural values.
B)Some nomadic peoples of the Sahara Desert prize blood as a beverage because of its saltiness.
C)If you were to take a drug that made your mouth constantly wet,your water intake would decrease.
D)In lab tests,animals greatly preferred drinking saltwater after the salt levels in their bodies were lowered.
Q3) Pain avoidance is unusual among the biological motives because it is cyclic rather than episodic.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 44: Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail
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Q1) Regarding the autonomic nervous system,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Your autonomic nervous system would react in much the same way whether you were being chased by a dog or were surprised by a prowler.
B)Whether you are relaxed or aroused at any moment depends on the combined activity of both branches of the autonomic nervous system.
C)The autonomic nervous system controls the voluntary actions and movements of the body.
D)The autonomic nervous system is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
Q2) Regarding gender differences in expressing emotions in Western cultures,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Boys and adult men are more likely to express only anger and hostility.
B)Female babies start out life more emotionally expressive than male babies.
C)In Western cultures,little boys learn to "toughen up" and curtail expression of most of their emotions.
D)In Western cultures,girls are encouraged to express sadness,fear,shame,and guilt.
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Chapter 45: Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence
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Q1) Regarding emotional intelligence,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Avoiding and suppressing negative emotions is a part of emotional intelligence.
B)Cultivating positive emotions is a part of emotional intelligence.
C)Positive emotions tend to broaden one's focus,while negative emotions tend to narrow one's focus.
D)Strengths we possess,such as kindness,originality,humor,optimism,and generosity,are natural buffers against misfortune and can help people live more positive,genuinely happy lives.
Q2) People with which of the following abilities tend to be more flexible,adaptable,and agreeable,and excel at life because they do not stifle their emotions nor overindulge them?
A)emotional intelligence
B)dogmatic pragmatism
C)kinesic sensitivity
D)creative intuition
Q3) Discuss how emotionally intelligent people perceive,use,understand,and manage their emotions.
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Chapter 46: Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation
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Q1) Which of the following occurs first developmentally?
A)gender identity
B)secondary sexual characteristics
C)primary sexual characteristics
D)reproductive maturity
Q2) Sex as indicated by the presence of ovaries (female)or testes (male)refers to _______ sex.
A)genetic
B)gonadal
C)hormonal
D)genital
Q3) When a person appears to shift in their sexual behavior from heterosexual to homosexual,it is usually due to the person realizing they have been untrue to themselves or the person being basically bisexual.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The belief that heterosexuality is better or more natural than homosexuality is called _______.
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Q5) Your predominance of androgens or estrogens determines your _______ sex.
Chapter 47: Human Sexuality: Gender Development,
Androgyny, and Gender
Variance
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Q1) Jack and Martha are taking the Scholastic Assessment Test.Based on their gender,we
A)can predict that Jack will be better than Martha at math skills.
B)can predict that Martha will be better than Jack at language skills.
C)can predict that both will perform equally well on both math and language skills.
D)cannot predict individual performances based on gender.
Q2) While she was pregnant,Deanna's unborn daughter was exposed to male hormones.Deanna's daughter will most likely
A)have difficulty becoming pregnant when she is an adult.
B)be a "tomboy" during childhood.
C)become permanently masculinized.
D)show an elevated interest in male-oriented activities as an adult.
Q3) Psychologist Sandra Bem believes that optimal adjustment occurs when
A)males exhibit masculine traits and females exhibit feminine traits.
B)both males and females exhibit largely masculine traits.
C)both males and females exhibit largely feminine traits.
D)both males and females exhibit both masculine and feminine traits.
Q4) The process of learning gender behaviors regarded as appropriate for one's sex in a given culture is called __________.
Page 50
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Chapter 48: Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes
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Q1) A person who narrowly equates sexual attractiveness with being "sexy" and feels valued only as a sexual object is exhibiting A)unhealthy sexualization.
B)narcissism.
C)promiscuousness.
D)belief in the double standard.
Q2) In recent years,an increasing trend has been A)that people today spend as much of their adult lives (on average)alone as they do in marriage.
B)an increase in sexual intercourse during early adolescence.
C)lower rates of contraceptive use.
D)all of these.
Q3) Which of the following sexually transmitted conditions affects women but NOT men?
A)hepatitis B
B)human papillomavirus (HPV)
C)pelvic inflammatory disease
D)chlamydia
Q4) Areas of the body that produce pleasure and/or provoke erotic desire are called
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Chapter 49: Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems
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Q1) Always being pleasant and avoiding discussions of difficult topics are ways that couples can increase their intimacy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regarding male erectile dysfunction,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)It was once known as impotence,but psychologists discourage the use of that term.
B)According to the DSM,erectile disorder involves a persistent difficulty of at least six months duration,although only the man and his partner can make this judgment.
C)Fatigue,anger,and drinking too much alcohol will not cause erectile difficulties in healthy males.
D)"Performance demands" or overreaction to the temporary loss of an erection may generate fears and doubts that contribute to a further inhibition of arousal.
Q3) Causes of organic erectile problems include
A)alcohol or drug abuse.
B)diabetes or vascular diseases.
C)reactions to medication for blood pressure or stomach ulcers.
D)all of these.
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Chapter 50: Personality: Overview of Personality
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Q1) A personality theory must include
A)connotative meanings.
B)somatotypic guidelines.
C)statistical assessment techniques.
D)concepts,assumptions,ideas,and principles.
Q2) In our culture,it is deemed good for people to be friendly,outgoing,and upstanding,while in other cultures being fierce,warlike,and cruel are deemed favorable.These differences illustrate how different cultures assess A)temperament.
B)personality.
C)character.
D)superego.
Q3) During a direct observation,which of the following techniques can limit the chance that some traits will be overlooked or that some traits will be exaggerated?
A)situational tests
B)projective tests
C)unstructured interviews
D)rating scales
Q4) A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns define his or her _______.
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Chapter 51: Personality: Trait Theories
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Q1) Eysenck saw the characteristics of personality as being related to the four types of temperament first recognized by the early Greeks.Which of the following is NOT one of those four types?
A)melancholic
B)choleric
C)sanguine
D)somatic
Q2) In the five-factor model of personality,the dimension that measures whether a person is quiet,reserved,passive,and a loner or whether a person is talkative,active,affectionate,and a joiner is called A)neuroticism.
B)openness to experience.
C)agreeableness.
D)extroversion.
Q3) Describe a friend using Allport's trait theory.Include the use of common traits and the three types of individual traits.
Q4) Brian,who is intelligent and creative,would most likely score high on the dimension of the Big Five personality model known as _______.
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Chapter 52: Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic
Theories
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Q1) Regarding the conflicts of the id,ego,and superego,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
A)Internal struggles and rechanneled energies typify most personality functioning.
B)Impulses from the id cause moral anxiety.
C)Threats of punishment from the superego cause neurotic anxiety.
D)All of these statements are true.
Q2) From the perspective of Carl Rogers,an adult who is experiencing tension and anxiety is probably
A)lacking in the potential for self-actualization.
B)experiencing a discrepancy between the self-image and the ideal self.
C)lacking in the development of a superego.
D)fixated at an immature level of development.
Q3) If Jonathan identifies with his father,Freud believed he was doing this because of his need to resolve the __________ conflict.
A)Animus
B)Electra
C)Oedipus
D)Persona
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Chapter 53: Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning
Theories
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Q1) If you believe that behavior is strongly influenced by personality traits or lasting personal dispositions,whether biological or learned,then you would most likely agree with which statement?
A)Almost anyone would be polite at a wedding reception;it doesn't matter what kind of personality the person has.
B)I believe that immediate circumstances usually determine how people act at any given time.
C)The reason people in some professions,such as teachers,lawyers,or doctors,seem so much alike is because their work requires that they act in particular ways.
D)My friends' actions are fairly consistent from day to day and in different situations.
Q2) Which theorists explain personality through concepts,such as learning,imitation,and reinforcement?
A)neo-Freudians
B)humanists
C)behaviorists
D)psychoanalysts
Q3) The study of inherited behavioral traits and tendencies is called _______.
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Chapter 54: Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness
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Q1) Extreme shyness is often associated with depression,loneliness,fearfulness,inhibition,and low self-esteem and may be diagnosed as a(n) _______ disorder.
A)conversion
B)social anxiety
C)somatoform
D)obsessive-compulsive personality
Q2) Shyness is often maintained by unrealistic or self-defeating beliefs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Shy people tend to blame circumstances for their social failures and give themselves credit for social successes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which one of the following represents a basic element of shyness?
A)incongruence
B)generalized anxiety
C)private self-consciousness
D)evaluation fears
Q5) Uneasiness and strain when socializing is known as social _______.
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Chapter 55: Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the alarm reaction of the general adaptation syndrome,the body mobilizes its resources to cope with added stress by the pituitary gland signaling the adrenal glands to produce more adrenaline,noradrenaline,and A)acetylcholine.
B)serotonin.
C)cortisol.
D)dopamine.
Q2) Forty percent of U.S.high school students engaged in which of the following health-endangering behaviors ?
A)smoked cigarettes within the previous 30 days
B)rode with a drinking driver within the previous 30 days
C)did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse
D)played three or more hours of video games on an average school day
Q3) Of those listed,which of the following risky behaviors showed the HIGHEST percentage among U.S.high school students?
A)using marijuana during the previous 30 days
B)riding with a drinking driver during the previous 30 days
C)smoking cigarettes during the previous 30 days
D)being in a physical fight during the previous 12 months
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Page 58
Chapter 56: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict
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279 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pressure occurs when A)a deadline is approaching.
B)a person has to slow down his or her activities.
C)shock happens unpredictably.
D)shock happens regularly.
Q2) After coming to the U.S. ,Ling-Chen learned English quickly and totally immersed herself in the American life.She prefers to be with her new American friends and is annoyed by her parents' continued ties to their native culture. LingChen's pattern of acculturation would be classified as A)integration.
B)separation.
C)assimilation.
D)marginalization.
Q3) Stress will be magnified and damage is likely to result when emotional "shocks" are A)predictable.
B)controllable.
C)linked to pressure.
D)characterized by all of these.
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Chapter 57: Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression
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182 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In reaction formation,individuals
A)openly express unacceptable impulses.
B)use daydreams or substitute activities to discharge their unconscious conflicts and motives.
C)engage in exaggerated behaviors that are the opposite of their true feelings.
D)justify their behavior by giving rational reasons for it.
Q2) Which of the following is a common reaction to repeated failure and to unpredictable or unavoidable punishment?
A)reaction formation
B)learned helplessness
C)passive aggressiveness
D)avoidance-avoidance conflict
Q3) In constructing and using a daily schedule to alleviate depression,a person should
A)fill up every hour during the day and should schedule the easier tasks first.
B)not fill up every hour of the day and should schedule the harder tasks first.
C)schedule a two-hour afternoon nap.
D)schedule several high protein snack times and one hour of meditation.
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Chapter 58: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health
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106 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biofeedback has shown some success with all of the following EXCEPT for
A)controlling narcolepsy.
B)lowering blood pressure and controlling heart rhythms.
C)controlling hyperactivity in children.
D)controlling epileptic seizures.
Q2) Mark always expects things to turn out well,which motivates him to actively cope with adversity.He is less likely to be stopped by temporary setbacks and more likely to deal with problems head-on.Mark also tends to take better care of himself because he believes that his efforts to stay healthy will succeed.Mark would be described as a(n)
Q3) When we manage our stress,we
A)cause the body to release substances that increase inflammation.
B)can reduce the severity of cold and flu symptoms.
C)tend to prolong infections and delay healing.
D)actually put a strain on our immune system.
Q4) Compare the characteristics of a Type A personality and a Type B personality.Then explain what separates a hardy personality from a Type A,and who is more likely to have a heart attack.
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Chapter 59: Psychology in Action: Stress Management
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Q1) Which of the following would serve as the best buffer to cushion you against the impact of stressful events?
A)being realistic
B)being intelligent
C)having the support from family and friends
D)being able to ignore and deny problems
Q2) The technique of stress inoculation involves
A)practicing a monologue of internal positive coping statements.
B)submitting people to stressful situations until they are exhausted.
C)the use of sensory deprivation to induce a trance-like state of consciousness.
D)medically-administered ingestion of hormone-reducing drugs.
Q3) Marilyn has two term papers due in the next three weeks,and she is so stressed that she does not seem to be getting anything done.Which of the following would NOT be good advice to help Marilyn reduce her stress and get her term papers finished?
A)Eliminate any loafing,playing,and napping until the papers are finished.
B)Set realistic limits on what she should try to do on any given day.
C)Get organized and concentrate on the most important aspects,letting go of the trivial.
D)Seek social support from friends,relatives,and even pets.
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Chapter 60: Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Insanity is
A)another term for nervous breakdown.
B)the psychiatric term that is synonymous with schizophrenia.
C)established by the testimony from expert witnesses.
D)all of these.
Q2) In judging normality,social class is probably the most common source of bias.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following are deeply ingrained,unhealthy behavior patterns that usually appear in adolescence and continue through much of adult life and include paranoid,narcissistic,dependent,and other types?
A)mood disorders
B)psychotic disorders
C)personality disorders
D)dissociative disorders
Q4) Malcolm was involuntarily committed to a mental hospital because he was found by the court to be unable to manage his affairs.Thus,Malcolm was declared by the court to be _______.
Page 63
Q5) Describe Rosenhan's pseudopatient study and discuss the dangers of psychiatric labeling.
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Chapter 61: Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders,
and Schizophrenia
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Sample Questions
Q1) MRI scans of the schizophrenic brain have shown
A)enlarged ventricles.
B)enlarged occipital lobes.
C)smaller,constricted surface fissures.
D)thicker corpus callosums.
Q2) Regarding the schizophrenic brain,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)MRIs on schizophrenic brains show the brain regions crucial for regulating motivation,emotion,perception,actions,and attention to be abnormal.
B)On PET scans,the activity tends to be abnormally low in the frontal lobes of the schizophrenic brain.
C)CT scans show tightly-packed narrow surface fissuring of the schizophrenic brain.
D)MRIs show that schizophrenic brains tend to have enlarged ventricles.
Q3) Evan is thoroughly convinced that he is the long-lost son of Elvis Presley even though his parents have for years presented him with evidence to the contrary.Evan's type of delusional disorder involves a(n) _______ delusion.
Q4) Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurocognitive disorder.
A)True
B)False
Page 64
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Chapter 62: Psychological Disorders: Mood Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The symptoms of seasonal affective disorder have been successfully treated with A)thorazine.
B)electroconvulsive therapy.
C)increased consumption of carbohydrates.
D)exposure to bright fluorescent lights.
Q2) Barry throws himself into a whirlwind of activity marked by extreme distractibility,rapid shifts in thoughts,constant talking,and restless movement as well as having occasional episodes of deep depression,symptoms which indicate that Barry is suffering from dysthymia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Regarding SAD,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Phototherapy treatment is usually necessary from fall through spring.
B)The best time to administer phototherapy is early in the morning.
C)Seasonal depressions are related to the release of less melatonin during the winter.
D)Thirteen percent of college students living in northern New England show signs of SAD,with this condition being especially prevalent among the students from the South.
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Chapter 63: Psychological Disorders: Anxiety-Based
Disorders and Personality Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen by proxy syndrome are types of _______ disorders.
A)factitious
B)obsessive-compulsive and related
C)neurocognitive
D)dissociative
Q2) Ritualized behaviors used to temporarily control unpleasant thoughts are known as _______.
Q3) The susceptibility to anxiety-based disorders appears to be
A)completely inherited.
B)partly inherited.
C)completely caused by environmental factors.
D)of unknown origin.
Q4) In the DSM-5,hoarding disorder is classified under obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A psychologist who treats phobic disorders by focusing on the client's distorted patterns of thinking is using the __________ approach.
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Chapter 64: Psychology in Action: Suicide
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Q1) To help prevent individuals from committing suicide,you should
A)tell them to avoid thinking about suicide.
B)establish rapport and offer genuine support.
C)help them to narrow their options.
D)try to convince them to stop feeling sorry for themselves.
Q2) Among ethnic adolescents,major risk factors for suicide include which of the following?
A)"loss of face"
B)acculturative stress
C)racism and discrimination
D)all of these
Q3) In North America,for every three people who die by homicide,the number who kill themselves is _______.
Q4) A diagnosable mental disorder,usually depression or substance abuse disorder,is a factor in what percent of all suicides?
A)25 percent
B)50 percent
C)75 percent
D)90 percent
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Chapter 65: Therapies: Treating Psychological Distress
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what way are trephining and exorcism alike?
A)Both cause mental illness.
B)Both were used as treatments by Pinel in the Bicêtre Asylum.
C)Both were considered approaches for removing evil spirits.
D)Both are considered Gestalt therapies.
Q2) Research shows that most clients feel better after a minimum of how many weekly therapy sessions?
A)three to seven sessions
B)eight to 21 sessions
C)22 to 35 sessions
D)36 to 45 sessions
Q3) A brief dynamic psychotherapy designed to help people by improving their relationships with other people is known as __________.
Q4) Constructive reenactments are provided by
A)psychodrama.
B)existential therapy.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)brief psychodynamic therapy.
Q5) Therapy conducted over the telephone or the Internet would be referred to as _______ therapy.
68
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Chapter 66: Therapies: Humanistic and Cognitive Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Raul's dream,he flew out the window of his car and up into the clouds.Raul's therapist interprets this dream to mean that Raul is feeling a strong need to be free "as a bird" rather than being tied down by his family and work responsibilities.This therapist's interpretation of Raul's dream is revealing which type of dream content?
A)NREM
B)lucid
C)manifest
D)latent
Q2) Unlike psychodynamic and humanistic therapies,cognitive therapies usually try to A)uncover one's "true self" hidden behind a screen of defenses.
B)help the client find purpose and meaningfulness in his or her life.
C)expand the client's self-awareness and rebuild thinking,feeling,and acting into connected wholes.
D)directly change what the client thinks,believes,and feels,and,as a consequence,how he or she acts.
Q3) Compulsive hoarders respond well to therapy when it both corrects distorted thinking about hoarding and actively modifies hoarding behavior in a therapy approach called _______.
Q4) Rational-emotive behavior therapy was developed by _______.
Page 69
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Chapter 67: Therapies: Behavior Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important step in overcoming a phobia is to construct a hierarchy which involves
A)an ordered list of fear-provoking stimuli.
B)covert sensitization.
C)a list of possible causes of the phobia.
D)making a list of situations that produce pleasure or relaxation.
Q2) Which of the following occurs when relaxation is induced to block fear during systematic desensitization?
A)systematic adaptation
B)vicarious opposition
C)stimulus control
D)reciprocal inhibition
Q3) If a child whines and gets his parents' attention,he will tend to whine more frequently in the future because he has experienced which principle of operant conditioning?
A)shaping
B)nonreinforcement
C)positive reinforcement
D)punishment
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Chapter 68: Therapies: Medical Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding mental hospitalization,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Without hospitalization,people with drug addictions may find it nearly impossible to resist the temptation for drug abuse in their daily lives.
B)In 2008,about 7.5 percent of all Americans received inpatient treatment for a mental health problem.
C)Psychiatric units in general hospitals and private psychiatric hospitals tend to be sanctuaries that provide support,refuge,and therapy.
D)In general,full hospitalization is much more effective than partial hospitalization.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the major advantages of antipsychotic drugs?
A)Antipsychotic drugs have tranquilizing effects and reduce hallucinations and delusions.
B)Antipsychotic drugs are the primary mode of treatment for schizophrenia.
C)Antipsychotic drugs typically cause only minor side effects.
D)Antipsychotic drugs have shortened hospital stays.
Q3) A type of psychosurgery that involves disconnecting the frontal sections of the cortex from other areas of the brain is called a(n)prefrontal _______.
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Chapter 69: Psychology in Action: Self-Management and Seeking Professional Help
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT an effective counseling skill?
A)asking closed questions
B)pausing five seconds or more before responding to the person
C)accepting the person's frame of reference
D)giving feedback by restating what the person has said
Q2) Jan is a college student who is coping with an alcoholic parent by attending a group in which other members of the group also have family members with alcohol and drug problems.The members in this group provide each other with mutual support and a chance to discuss problems.Jan is most likely attending a(n) _______ group.
A)peer counseling
B)self-help
C)sensitivity
D)encounter
Q3) Danger signals to watch out for in psychotherapy include the therapist
A)being controlling and blaming the client for not making progress.
B)making verbal threats to the client.
C)encouraging prolonged dependence on him or her.
D)exhibiting any of these characteristics.
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Chapter 70: Social Psychology: Social Behavior and Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) A "malechauvinist" boss who vows to change his attitudes quickly reverts to his earlier sexist attitudes because of
A)long-standing habits.
B)the belief component of his attitudes.
C)the evaluation of his actions.
D)chance conditioning.
Q2) The network of roles,communication pathways,and power in a group is known as group cohesiveness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) You chose your major because of all the opportunities available in the health field,while your rommate chose a degree in finance because he tends to be "greedy and moneyhungry." In attributing cause to your behavior of choosing a major and that of your roommate,you have exhibited
A)the low-ball technique.
B)social stereotyping.
C)attributional discrimination.
D)the actor-observer bias.
Q4) The process of making inferences about behavior is known as _______.
Page 73
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Chapter 71: Social Psychology: Social Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you are forced to change your beliefs or your behavior against your will,you are A)being persuaded.
B)being coerced.
C)conforming.
D)obeying.
Q2) The process of changing your behavior in direct response to the demands of an authority is known as A)norming.
B)compliance.
C)conformity.
D)obedience.
Q3) Regarding brainwashing techniques,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Brainwashing usually relies on the use of loud music or chanting.
B)The target person has free will to reject the message.
C)Indoctrinators have almost complete control over the target person's environment.
D)Most "converted" victims of brainwashing remain permanently brainwashed.
Q4) Describe each of the three compliance techniques,explain why each leads to compliance,and give an example of each.
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Chapter 72: Social Psychology: Pro-Social Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following psychologists created the influential triangular theory of love?
A)Zick Rubin
B)Robert Sternberg
C)Stanley Schachter
D)Irving Janis
Q2) Regarding evolutionary mating patterns,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Women are more upset by a partner's sexual infidelity than a loss of emotional commitment.
B)Men prefer younger,more physically attractive partners.
C)Women prefer slightly older partners who are higher in status,industrious,or economically successful.
D)Men are more interested in casual sex than women are.
Q3) You will tend to be less attracted and more suspicious of someone who is exhibiting A)physical proximity.
B)self-disclosure.
C)superior competence.
D)overdisclosure.
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Chapter 73: Social Psychology: Antisocial Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rusty is an eight-year-old,who deals with everyday situations using aggression.He regularly calls his fellow classmates names,teases and insults them,as well as pushing them out of his way on the playground.Rusty is exhibiting A)bullying.
B)excessive assertiveness.
C)discrimination.
D)intergroup conflict.
Q2) Aggression cues include all of the following EXCEPT A)angry thoughts.
B)words and gestures.
C)the weapons effect.
D)instinctual drives.
Q3) Regarding social stereotypes,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Social stereotypes are always negative.
B)Social stereotypes tend to be rational and somewhat accurate.
C)When a person is stereotyped,the easiest thing for her or him to do is to become defensive and verbally lash out at the person expressing the stereotype.
D)Likable members of a rejected group are perceived as an "exception" to the social stereotype.
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Chapter 74: Psychology in Action: Multiculturalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is recommended as the BEST way of increasing cultural awareness?
A)Study ethnic diversity through movies and television.
B)Get to know a person from a different culture.
C)Read literature written by persons from other cultures.
D)Explore different cultures through one's own fantasies.
Q2) A form of faulty thinking that involves the belief that people generally get what they deserve is known as a(n) __________ belief.
Q3) According to your text,which of the following promotes living with diversity?
A)fostering just-world beliefs
B)using general knowledge and avoiding individuating information
C)looking for commonalities with others
D)increasing social competition
Q4) Rivalry among groups,each of which regards itself as superior to others,is referred to as _______.
Q5) Just-world beliefs involve faulty thinking that amounts to blaming people who are victims of prejudice and discrimination for their own plight.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 75: Applied Psychology: Industrialorganizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) To increase psychological efficiency,a business manager would be well-advised to apply the concepts of
A)Theory X leadership.
B)task analysis and time-and-motion studies.
C)Theory Y leadership.
D)scientific management.
Q2) Some of the most useful items of biodata include
A)conflict with brothers and sisters.
B)parents' socioeconomic status.
C)social popularity.
D)all of these.
Q3) A compressed workweek and telecommuting are examples of A)time-and-motion approaches.
B)scientific management approaches.
C)flexible work schedules.
D)self-managed quality circles.
Q4) Leadership aimed at transforming employees to exceed expectations and look beyond self-interest to help the organization better compete is known as _______ leadership.
78
Q5) Detailed biographical information about a job applicant is known as _______.
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Chapter 76: Applied Psychology: Environmental Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a smaller area within an environment whose use is well defined,such as a bus depot,waiting room,or student lounge?
A)territorial marker
B)behavioral setting
C)situational space
D)social proxemic
Q2) The world population first began exploding around what year?
A)1000
B)1650
C)1850
D)1930
Q3) You enter Donald's board room and are seated across a large,imposing table from him.This wide table helps this CEO maintain which type of distance between he and his clients and will formalize the conversations somewhat since greater voice projection will be required?
A)personal
B)territorial
C)social
D)public
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Chapter 77: Applied Psychology: the Psychology of
Education, Law, and Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you take a test,you are involved in which aspect of your professor's teaching strategy?
A)learner response
B)spaced review
C)evaluation
D)learner preparation
Q2) All of the following occur during a peak performance EXCEPT
A)a lack of concentration as the movements become fluid.
B)a lack of fatigue and pain.
C)a sense that time is slowing down.
D)the disappearance of the flow state if one stops to think about it.
Q3) In his history class,Mr.Guierra uses a direct instruction teaching style in which he presents the historical information through lecture and through films.He questions his students frequently both orally and through quizzes. Research on Mr.Guierra's teaching style indicates that his students will do slightly better than other students on
A)achievement tests.
B)tests of abstract thinking.
C)problem-solving tests.
D)all of these tests.
Page 80
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Chapter 78: Psychology in Action: Human Factors
Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The row of vertical buttons in elevators that mimic the layout of the floors is an example of _______ design.
A)intuitive
B)natural
C)convergent
D)divergent
Q2) Any dial,screen,light,or other device used to provide information about a machine's activity to a human user is referred to as a(n)
A)cybernetic device.
B)control.
C)ergonomic device.
D)display.
Q3) When the design of a device is based on perceptual signals that people already understand,Psychologist Donald Norman called it a divergent design.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Using human factors methods to design computers and software is referred to as
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Chapter 79: Behavioral Statistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Correlations are important in
A)calculating z-scores.
B)making predictions.
C)proving causality.
D)setting up frequency distributions.
Q2) If there is a .75 correlation between the hours that students devote to studying and their grades
A)a third variable,such as motivation and interest may account for the relationship.
B)we can conclusively say that this strong correlation indicates a causal relationship.
C)there is a weak,almost non-existent relationship.
D)there is a strong negative correlation.
Q3) Inferential statistics are used to
A)"boil down" numbers.
B)summarize numbers.
C)calculate measures of central tendency.
D)generalize from small samples.
Q4) The type of statistics that is used to summarize numerical data is called _______ statistics.
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Chapter 80: Life After School
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychology majors can become student members of the American Psychological Association as well as other national psychology organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) From the information presented in Module 1 of Psychology: Modules for Active Learning, (13th Edition),Colton learned how to read and listen for understanding,how to take tests,and how to overcome procrastination.Colton developed his A)use of intuition.
B)study skills.
C)research skills.
D)experiential cognition.
Q3) According to the Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major,one of the major competencies college psychology programs try to provide their students includes values in psychology.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The discussion of these topics develops psychology students' _______ skills.
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Chapter 81: Understanding Descriptive and Inferential
Statistics for Psychological Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the simplest or most basic measure of variability?
A)median
B)average deviation
C)standard deviation
D)range
Q2) Which of the following provide an estimate of how often experimental results could have occurred by chance alone?
A)coefficients of correlation
B)random selections
C)graphical statistics
D)tests of statistical significance
Q3) Which of the following would tell us the percentage of variance in one variable that can be accounted for by knowing the other variable?
A)r.
B)SD.
C)r × r.
D)z-score.
Q4) When measure X gets larger,measure Y gets smaller in a(n) _______ correlation.
Q5) The range and standard deviation are measures of _______.
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Chapter 82: The Competencies of the Undergraduate
Psychology Major
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
76 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Along with other skills,effective travel agents need to be able to search through various databases for the best combination of accommodation and transportation options for their clients,as well as many other bits of relevant information such as exchange rates,local customs,and entertainment options.According to the Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major,which competency do psychology majors meet that would help them as travel agents to perform the aforementioned skills?
A)knowledge base of psychology
B)application of psychology
C)information and technological literacy
D)personal development
Q2) According to the American Psychological Association's (2007)Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major,the major competencies college psychology programs try to teach their students include which of the following?
A)values in psychology
B)research methods in psychology
C)critical thinking skills in psychology
D)all of these
Q3) The discussion of these topics develops psychology students' _______ skills.
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