Psychology for Non-Majors Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology for Non-Majors introduces the fundamental principles, theories, and applications of psychology to students from diverse academic backgrounds. The course explores key concepts such as human development, learning, motivation, personality, mental health, and social behavior, providing insights into how psychological research applies to everyday life. Emphasizing real-world examples and practical relevance, this course encourages students to better understand themselves and others, fostering skills in critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving regardless of their field of study.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology in Your Life 1st Edition by Sarah
Grison
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14 Chapters
1615 Verified Questions
1615 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introducing the World of Psychology
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115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Johnny wants to show that watering his crop more in the spring causes a larger harvest in the fall.Which type of study should Johnny use?
A) descriptive study
B) correlational study
C) experiment
D) case study
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes psychology?
A) Much of psychology is just common sense.
B) Much of psychology is about applying common sense to everyday life.
C) Psychological principles are highly applicable to everyday life.
D) Psychological principles are too scientific to apply to everyday life.
Answer: C
Q3) An explanation of how an observable phenomenon works is provided by a(n)
A) theory.
B) hypothesis.
C) experiment
D) correlation.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Role of Biology in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) At conception,your __________ is fixed.
A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) genotype and phenotype
D) none of the above
Answer: A
Q2) Jonas has experienced a relatively severe right hemisphere stroke.As a result,he has been diagnosed with hemineglect.That is,he is unable to notice anything on the left side of his body.The location of the stroke is most likely within the __________ lobes.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital
Answer: B
Q3) Distinguish between genotype and phenotype.Then,give an example of each.
Answer: Suggested answer: Genotype is your genetic makeup.An example of genotype is eye color.Phenotype is your observable physical and psychological characteristics.An example of phenotype is your level of friendliness.
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4
Chapter 3: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Occasionally,Jessie will fall asleep at inappropriate times,for example,in the middle of talking to a customer at work.Based on this information,Jessie might be experiencing A) narcolepsy.
B) somnambulism.
C) REM behavior disorder.
D) insomnia.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is a potential drawback of using automatic processing?
A) It can only be used to learn complex tasks.
B) It requires a lot of attention and effort.
C) We are not able to focus attention on other things.
D) We are less likely to remember relevant details.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following actions does NOT typically happen during sleep?
A) analyzing danger
B) controlling body movements
C) finding comfortable body positions
D) experiencing conscious awareness
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) A classic example of sexual reassignment and the social and emotional impact this may have on a person is the case of Bruce Reimer,who was surgically and hormonally reassigned to a female identity (Brenda).Bruce's situation highlights the fact that there is NOT always a match between _______ and _______.
A) sex; gender roles
B) sex; gender identity
C) gender schemas; gender roles
D) gender schemas; gender identity
Q2) Five-year-old Simone is shown two evenly spaced rows of five nickels.When asked which row has "more," Simone responds that the rows are the same.Next,one of the rows of nickels is squished close together.When asked which has "more," Simone responds the row that is still spaced out has more.In this example,Simone has displayed
A) egocentrism.
B) object permanence.
C) conservation.
D) centration.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prolonged exposure to movement in one direction __________ the motion detectors responsive to that direction.When the movement stops,the baseline firing rate of detectors for the opposite direction of motion will be __________ than the firing rate for the detectors that responded to the prolonged movement,leading to motion aftereffects.
A) sensitizes; higher
B) sensitizes; lower
C) fatigues; higher
D) fatigues; lower
Q2) A higher-pitched sound is one that is higher in __________,which is measured in
A) amplitude; hertz
B) amplitude; decibels
C) frequency; hertz
D) frequency; decibels
Q3) The process of encoding low frequencies of sound is called
A) temporal coding.
B) place coding.
C) frequency coding.
D) hertz coding.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) George has to recall the names of the first 20 presidents of the United States for his history test.According to the levels of processing model of memory,to remember the most names,George should
A) study in the same room where the test will be given.
B) write the names down over and over again.
C) relate the names to information he already knows.
D) repeat the names to himself many times.
Q2) To work at Burger Shack,Meghan must memorize all of the menu items.To do this,Meghan thinks about which friend would want to order each item.Meghan is likely to retain the menu items in long-term storage very well because she used
A) the recency effect.
B) the primacy effect.
C) maintenance rehearsal.
D) elaborative rehearsal.
Q3) A)Describe the levels of processing model.
B)Explain the difference between maintenance and elaborative rehearsal
C)Provide an example of maintenance and elaborative rehearsal (one example for each kind of rehearsal).
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Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This summer,you want to take a week-long vacation in Europe,but cannot afford it.Pick one of the problem-solving strategies (subgoals,working backward,or analogies)and use it to solve this problem.
Q2) Some mental shortcuts can cause errors in thinking.For example,simply because a piece of information is remembered easily,it does not mean that the best decision is based on that information.This error in thinking reflects
A) an analogy.
B) insight.
C) the availability heuristic.
D) the representativeness heuristic.
Q3) A.Name the three different models of concepts.
B)Pick two of these models and describe two similarities.
C)Describe two differences between these two models.
Q4) Which of the following would be an example of crystallized intelligence?
A) Maggie is able to solve unfamiliar math problems.
B) Aaron can compose a beautiful piano piece in 1 week.
C) Jordan can easily recite the entire dictionary.
D) Miguel can think quickly in complicated situations.
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Page 9
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) After studying sexual motivation,Samad knows that the most important hormone for sexual functioning in men is _______ and the most important in women is _______.
A) androgens; estrogens
B) estrogens; androgens
C) estrogens; estrogens
D) androgens; androgens
Q2) Research on mating strategies suggests that to generate interest from the opposite sex successfully,men should present themselves as _______ and women should present themselves as _______.
A) professionally successful; physically attractive
B) physically attractive; a good cook
C) intelligent; physically attractive
D) professionally successful; intelligent
Q3) Tara is shooting hockey pucks into a net.If she has a low need for achievement,she will probably take _______ practice shots.
A) moderately difficult
B) very easy
C) no
D) many
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Page 10
Chapter 10: Health and Well-Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thoughts and behaviors affect the environment.The environment affects human biology.In turn,biology affects behavior.This description fits the
A) medical model.
B) social model.
C) behaviorist model.
D) biopsychosocial model.
Q2) According to your textbook,which of the following statements is NOT a reason spirituality may contribute to overall well-being?
A) Members of faith communities gain physical and social support.
B) Faith gives people a sense of purpose and meaning in their lives.
C) Many religions have strict rules that people feel compelled to follow.
D) Many religions support healthy behaviors.
Q3) Health psychologists investigate
A) the absence of disease.
B) personal reports of health.
C) theories instead of experimental research.
D) promoting health and well-being.
Q4) How are social support and spirituality related to health and well-being?
Q5) Explain how positivity is linked to good health.
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Chapter 11: Social Psychology
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115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) a.Explain two ways we develop attitudes.
b.For each method,give a specific example of how this has worked in your own life.
Q2) A political candidate wants to create a long-lasting positive image.According to the elaboration likelihood model,the candidate would use commercials
A) that feature attractive celebrities.
B) with short emotional attacks on the opponent.
C) with catchy slogans and attention-grabbing graphics.
D) that clearly explain campaign issues.
Q3) Miriam believes she is not attractive so she typically wears ugly clothing.As a result,men rarely show interest in her,which confirms to her that she is not attractive.Miriam's behavior is an example of a(n)
A) actor/observer bias.
B) self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) fundamental attribution error.
D) ingroup/outgroup bias.
Q4) a.Explain the difference between passionate and companionate love.
b.How do these types of love change over time in a relationship?
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Chapter 12: Self and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trait theories of personality differ from psychodynamic and humanistic approaches because they
A) describe behavioral tendencies that are consistent over time.
B) have a generally more positive view of human nature.
C) are less able to be tested scientifically.
D) are based on people's unconscious conflicts.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a weak situation?
A) a church service on Sunday morning
B) a formal dinner at a restaurant
C) an afternoon playing at the park
D) a wedding ceremony
Q3) a.Describe the research findings on twin and adoption studies looking at personality. b.What do these findings tell us about how genetics influence personality?
Q4) The NEO Personality Inventory is an example of a(n)__________ measure of personality.
A) projective
B) objective
C) subjective
D) observational
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of __________.However,clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it
A) bipolar disorders; reduces their positive feelings
B) depressive disorders; increases their appetite for food
C) bipolar disorders; decreases their sexual motivation
D) depressive disorders; decreases the length of depressive episodes but makes them more severe
Q2) Carmen believes that she has the amazing power to control the thoughts of her classmates and make them do what she wants.Mandy believes that all her classmates are trying to manipulate her thoughts.Carmen is experiencing __________ delusions,while Mandy is experiencing __________ delusions.
A) grandiose; control
B) referential; grandiose
C) persecution; referential
D) control; persecution
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Chapter 14: Psychological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jerome is afraid of the ocean.In order to help him overcome his fear,Jerome's therapist suggests that they immediately go swim in the ocean for 30 minutes.Jerome's therapist is using the __________ technique.
A) systematic desensitization
B) placebo
C) exposure
D) simulation
Q2) Because people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)have recurring intrusive thoughts and feel compelled to perform anxiety-reducing actions,the most commonly used treatment for OCD is
A) cognitive therapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) exposure.
D) psychotropic medication.
Q3) Inka,a 15-year-old,is in family therapy.
a. Describe this type of treatment, including a description of its major therapeutic goal.
b. How does the systems approach relate to this treatment?
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15
Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gavin is a 3-year-old who used to color on the walls with his crayons.Gavin's father told him,"We color on paper,not on walls," and gave him a time-out.Gavin does not color on the walls anymore,which is most likely a result of all of the following EXCEPT _______.
A) associative learning
B) long-term potentiation
C) learning
D) non-associative learning
Q2) Antonio has a fear of heights.He is consulting with a therapist so that he can take a trip to visit his cousin,who lives in Europe.
a) What is systematic desensitization?
b) How is systematic desensitization different from counterconditioning?
c) What is the most important feature of systematic desensitization? How could systematic desensitization be used to treat Antonio's fear?
Q3) Positive punishment causes _______.
A) an increase in behavior through the addition of a stimulus
B) a decrease in behavior through the removal of a stimulus
C) a decrease in behavior through the addition of a stimulus
D) an increase in behavior through the removal of a stimulus
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Page 16