Psychology for Non-Majors Solved Exam Questions - 14792 Verified Questions

Psychology for Non-Majors Solved Exam Questions

Course Introduction

Psychology for Non-Majors introduces students to the fundamental concepts, theories, and methods of psychology, emphasizing practical applications to everyday life. The course explores major areas such as biological bases of behavior, learning, memory, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Designed for students from diverse academic backgrounds, it provides a broad overview that encourages critical thinking and self-awareness, while highlighting the role of psychological principles in personal, academic, and professional contexts.

Recommended Textbook

Psychology Modules for Active Learning 13th Edition by Dennis Coon

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82 Chapters

14792 Verified Questions

14792 Flashcards

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Page 2

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Study

Chapter 1: Introduction

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220 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Your textbook authors recommend using a reflective note-taking strategy known as the _______ method.

A)SQ4R

B)EMDR

C)NASP

D)LISAN

Answer: D

Q2) Regarding taking and using class notes,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Students who take accurate lecture notes tend to do well on tests.

B)Very few students take reasonably good notes.

C)Many students wait until just before exams to review their notes.

D)As students review their notes,they should try to link new ideas to what they already know.

Answer: B

Q3) The I in the LISAN method stands for identify.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

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Chapter 2: How to Study Psychology

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Q1) Which of the following would NOT be a part of reflective learning?

A)monitoring your progress

B)making daily,weekly,and monthly plans for learning

C)being your own teacher and rewarding yourself

D)outlining Chapter s and recopying one's notes

Answer: D

Q2) A memory aid that links new information to ideas or images that are easy to remember is called a A)lisan device.

B)signal word.

C)retriever.

D)mnemonic.

Answer: D

Q3) Up-to-date links for the web resources listed at the end of each module in the psychology textbook can be found at A)PsycINFO.

B)the APA website.

C)Psychology CourseMate.

D)PsycPORT.

Answer: C

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Chapter 3: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

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Sample Questions

Q1) To find out whether it really is "the thought that counts" when giving a gift,Gino and Flynn asked gift recipients to rate how much they would appreciate getting a gift they requested as opposed to one chosen by the gift giver.

According to the empirical evidence gathered,these researchers found that the A)recipients were more appreciative of a requested gift.

B)recipients were more appreciative of an unrequested gift.

C)recipients were equally appreciative of the gift whether requested or unrequested.

D)gift givers believed that recipients would be significantly more likely to appreciate a requested gift.

Answer: A

Q2) The word psychology comes from the roots psyche and logos,which mean respectively

A)behavior and science.

B)brain and science.

C)mind and knowledge or study.

D)personality and knowledge or study.

Answer: C

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Chapter 4: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

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Sample Questions

Q1) As used by Freud,the unconscious refers to

A)those things we choose to forget.

B)the area of the mind that lies outside of personal awareness.

C)the tip,or smallest area,of the iceberg.

D)all of these.

Q2) According to humanists,the mental perspective that one uses to interpret events is referred to as one's

A)ego ideal.

B)perceptual constancy.

C)frame of reference.

D)ideal self.

Q3) Amy holds a doctorate in psychology.She has recently been hired by a prominent teaching hospital to conduct research into finding the best therapeutic techniques for patients suffering from acute psychotic disorders,such as schizophrenia.Amy is most likely a

A)psychiatric social worker.

B)psychiatrist.

C)clinical psychologist.

D)psychoanalyst.

Q4) Sigmund Freud's approach to psychotherapy is known as ______.

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Chapter 5: Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

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Q1) An inactive substance,such as a sugar pill or a saline injection,that is given to subjects to make them think they've taken a drug is called a(n)

A)placebo.

B)extraneous variable.

C)dependent variable.

D)control drug.

Q2) In an experiment,if the obtained results would occur by chance in less than five experiments out of 100,the results

A)were randomly assigned.

B)cannot be replicated.

C)were statistically significant.

D)were part of a meta-analysis.

Q3) A researcher wants to determine the effect of sleep loss on human problem-solving.Subjects in an appropriate control group for such an experiment would be described as having

A)much more sleep than normal.

B)much less sleep than normal.

C)a normal amount of sleep.

D)the same amount of sleep as the experimental group.

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Chapter 6: Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental

Research Methods

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Sample Questions

Q1) Dr.Jacobs is planning to survey U.S.voters regarding their views on the healthcare plan promoted by the president.To provide the most accurate results,the people he surveys must include the same proportion of men, women,young,old,professionals,blue-collar workers,Republicans,Democrats,whites,African Americans,Native Americans,Latinos,and Asians.Thus,Dr.Jacobs will use random selection to obtain a(n)

A)natural clinical trial.

B)representative sample.

C)equated population.

D)biased sample.

Q2) When zoologist Christian Rutz and his colleagues outfitted shy New Caledonian crows with "crow cams" to better understand their use of tools to forage for food,they were using the case study method.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Concealing the observer or using hidden cameras can be used to minimize the anthropomorphic bias.

A)True

B)False

Page 8

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Chapter 7: Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

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Sample Questions

Q1) Psychic advisers make use of the Barnum effect to create an illusion that they know private information about the people who call them.

A)True

B)False

Q2) On a daytime talk show,a television actress relates how she cured all three of her children's hyperactivity by using a special diet and exercise regime.She explains that interested parents can buy her book detailing this "cure" online starting today.As a critical thinker,evaluate this actress' claim of curing her children's hyperactivity.

Q3) The manager of a grocery store shows you and your friend a tabloid headline "Flu Shots Have Been Proven to Cause the Flu." The manager says,"Those folks are right because every time I have ever taken a flu shot ,I've gotten the flu." Your friend says,"Well,that settles it.I'm not taking a flu shot." As a critical thinker,what would you tell your friend?

Q4) Most of the time the stories in the media regarding psychology are based more on critical thinking or science than on just entertainment value.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 8: Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved with learning and memory with an excess of this neurotransmitter leading to neuron death and autism and a deficiency leading to tiredness?

A)glutamate

B)acetylcholine

C)GABA

D)dopamine

Q2) Glial cells are the

A)chemicals released by a neuron that alter activity in other neurons.

B)electrically charged molecules found inside each neuron.

C)cells that support neurons in a variety of ways.

D)the thin layer of cells that form a "tunnel" that damaged neuron fibers can follow as they repair themselves.

Q3) The small gaps in the myelin covering of a nerve act to

A)decrease the speed of transmission of nerve impulses.

B)increase the speed of transmission of nerve impulses.

C)decrease or increase the transmission of nerve impulses,depending on the state of the firing neurons.

D)stimulate the repair of damaged nerve cells.

Page 10

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Chapter 9: Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

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Sample Questions

Q1) Any device,such as a wire,needle,or metal plate,used to electrically stimulate or destroy nerve tissue or to record its activity is called a(n) A)electrode.

B)inductor.

C)neuralizer.

D)telemetry instrument.

Q2) The research strategy of linking specific structures in the brain with specific psychological or behavioral functions is known as A)ablation.

B)constraint-induced functionality.

C)localization of function.

D)functional analysis.

Q3) An extremely thin glass tube filled with a salty fluid with its tip being small enough to detect the electrical activity of a single neuron would be referred to as a A)pixel.

B)microelectrode.

C)PET scan.

D)fMRI

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11

Chapter 10: Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which area of the cortex combines and processes information from the senses and contributes to higher mental abilities,such as language?

A)motor cortex

B)somatosensory cortex

C)aphasic cortex

D)association cortex

Q2) The primary somatosensory area is located in the _______ lobes.

A)temporal

B)parietal

C)occipital

D)frontal

Q3) After a "split-brain" operation,most people

A)show severe impairment of language ability.

B)show constant competition between the two hemispheres.

C)function relatively normally,unless submitted to specialized testing.

D)show a change in hand dominance.

Q4) Patients with right hemisphere damage may not eat food on the left side of a plate or may even refuse to acknowledge a paralyzed left arm as their own,which illustrates the condition known as _______.

Page 12

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Chapter 11: Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

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Sample Questions

Q1) Explain five ways that various hormones can affect behavior,moods,and personality.

Q2) The adrenal medulla secretes corticoids,while the adrenal cortex secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

A)True B)False

Q3) Enlarged hands,feet,and facial bones that create prominent facial features may be the result of A)acromegaly. B)giantism.

C)dwarfism.

D)hypopituitary dwarfism.

Q4) Children who have premature puberty resulting in full sexual development have A)given birth as early as five years of age. B)an oversecretion of pituitary growth hormones. C)an undersecretion of adrenal sex hormones.

D)a thyroid disorder.

Q5) Hormones secreted during times of high emotion decrease memory formation. A)True B)False

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Chapter 12: Psychology in Action: Handedness

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Sample Questions

Q1) A friend tells you that "all left­handed people are right­brain dominant." Explain why your friend is mistaken regarding brain dominance and what brain dominance involves,and describe some behavioral clues that may indicate a person's brain dominance.

Q2) Regarding speech and language processing by left-handers,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)All left-handers produce speech from the right hemisphere.

B)All left-handers produce speech from the left hemisphere.

C)About 70 percent of left-handers use the right hemisphere for language processing.

D)About 12 percent of left-handers use both sides of the brain for language processing.

Q3) Regarding the proportion of left-handed people,collectivist countries tend to have A)twice as many lefties as individualist countries.

B)only slightly more lefties than individualist countries.

C)the same number of lefties as individualist countries.

D)half as many lefties as individualist countries.

Q4) If you gesture more with your left hand,you probably process language in your _______ hemisphere.

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Page 14

Chapter 13: Human Development: Heredity and Environment

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Sample Questions

Q1) Compared to an adult,the brain of a newborn baby has _______ dendrites.

A)significantly more

B)slightly more

C)fewer

D)the same number of

Q2) Regarding nature and nurture,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The present human culture is accelerating the rate at which human DNA is evolving.

B)Modern humans are still genetically quite similar to cave dwellers who lived 30,000 years ago.

C)The brain of a newborn baby has significantly more dendrites and synapses than an adult brain.

D)Early learning environments literally shape the developing brain,through "blooming and pruning" of synapses.

Q3) Substances capable of causing birth defects are known as A)carcinogens.

B)teratogens.

C)chorions.

D)antigens.

Q4) Substances capable of causing birth defects are known as _______.

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Chapter 14: Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

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Sample Questions

Q1) You leave your child with a babysitter.When you return,your child ignores you.Your child's behavior indicates which type of attachment?

A)securely attached

B)secure-distractable

C)insecure-avoidant

D)insecure-ambivalent

Q2) Baby Rafael cries when his mother leaves him with a new babysitter.This is indicative of

A)separation anxiety.

B)social referencing.

C)insecure-avoidant attachment.

D)the need to find a new primary caregiver.

Q3) You go to a movie and leave your child with the babysitter.When you return,your child gets near you but angrily resists being touched.Your child's behavior is suggestive of which type of attachment?

A)securely attached

B)secure-disorganized

C)insecure-avoidant

D)insecure-ambivalent

16

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Chapter 15: Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

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Sample Questions

Q1) As children attempt to solve problems or discover principles,Vygotsky believed that adults can help children learn how to think as well as learn important cultural values when they use

A)scaffolding.

B)proactive nurturance.

C)imprinting stimuli.

D)parentese.

Q2) After late adolescence,improvements in intellect are based on all of the following EXCEPT

A)gaining specific knowledge.

B)one's experiences.

C)gains in wisdom.

D)leaps in one's basic thinking capacity.

Q3) Shantel now realizes that Santa's sack couldn't possibly hold enough toys for millions of girls and boys,which shows that she has developed A)animism.

B)egocentric thought.

C)assimilation.

D)conservation.

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Chapter 16: Human Development: Adolescence and

Adulthood

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Sample Questions

Q1) To categorize people's level of moral development using Kohlberg's approach,a psychologist would

A)observe their behavior in situations in which conflicts occur between personal needs and those of others.

B)pose situations involving moral dilemmas to them and study the reasons they give for the actions they recommend.

C)ask them to classify behaviors as legal,illegal,moral,and immoral.

D)ask them to rank values that involve specific ways of reaching their own goals from most important to least important.

Q2) Which of the following has NOT been shown to be characteristic of early maturation in girls?

A)being more popular and having a better self-image during elementary school

B)having greater peer prestige and adult approval in junior high

C)being more likely to get into trouble in junior high and high school

D)premature identity formation and a distorted,poorly formed sense of self

Q3) One cost of early maturation during adolescence is that it may force premature _____ formation.

Q4) Discrimination or prejudice on the basis of age is called _____.

Page 18

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Chapter 17: Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

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Sample Questions

Q1) Regarding the relationship of age and gender to happiness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)People are living longer and staying healthier,which has greatly delayed age-related declines.

B)When declines in happiness do occur,older people today seem significantly less able to cope with them.

C)Overall,men and women do not differ in happiness.

D)More women are found among those rare individuals who are extremely happy or extremely unhappy.

Q2) The psychologist who developed the "Satisfaction with Life Scale" to study happiness and feelings of well-being was

Q3) There is a small but positive association between happiness and holding spiritual beliefs.

A)True B)False

Q4) General life satisfaction combined with frequent positive emotions and relatively few negative emotions is called

19

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Chapter 18: Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

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Q1) Regarding sensation and perception,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)We are constantly surrounded by electromagnetic radiation,heat,pressure,vibrations,molecules,and mechanical forces.

B)The senses are enough to give people a completely accurate "picture" of reality.

C)During the process of perception,our brain assembles sensations into a meaningful "picture"of events.

D)Unless your senses translate information into a form your brain can understand,you will experience only a void of silence and darkness.

Q2) Regarding inattentional blindness,we are more likely not to perceive something when

A)we are experiencing retinal disparity.

B)our attention is narrowly focused.

C)we are experiencing subliminal adaptation.

D)our attention is broadly focused.

Q3) Repetitious stimuli shown in television commercials tend to be so boring that they fail in capturing our attention.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 19: Sensation and Perception: Vision

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Sample Questions

Q1) Describe the four vision problems of hyperopia,myopia,astigmatism,and presbyopia,including their causes and treatments.

Q2) You focus a camera by changing the distance between the lens and the image sensor.Similarly,your eye's focal point changes through the process called A)accommodation.

B)assimilation.

C)sensory adaptation.

D)sensory gating.

Q3) The basic color categories of red,orange,yellow,green,etc.refer to A)saturation.

B)brightness.

C)hue.

D)color accommodation.

Q4) People who are totally color blind

A)can distinguish all color shades except for red and green.

B)see only shades of black and white.

C)have the most common form of color vision problem.

D)lack rods or have rods that do not function properly.

Q5) The most common test for color blindness or color weakness is the _____ test.

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Chapter 20: Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

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Sample Questions

Q1) The faintest sound most people can hear is _______ decibels.

A)0 to 10

B)20 to 30

C)40 to 50

D)60 to 70

Q2) The external,or visible,part of the ear is called the A)cochlea.

B)pinna.

C)inner ear.

D)tympanic membrane.

Q3) With regard to taste,we are most sensitive to A)bitter.

B)salt.

C)sweet.

D)sour.

Q4) With regard to gustation,we are most sensitive to sweet tastes and least sensitive to bitter ones.

A)True

B)False

Q5) The stapes is attached to a membrane on the cochlea called the _______.

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Chapter 21: Sensation and Perception: Perceptual

Processes

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Sample Questions

Q1) The tendency to fill in gaps in the perception of a figure is called A)sensory completion.

B)closure.

C)figure-ground.

D)continuation.

Q2) A researcher is using an apparatus that consists of a glass-topped table with one side having a checkered surface that lies directly beneath the glass with the other checkered surface being four feet below the glass surface causing the appearance of a drop-off.This apparatus is known as

A)a Skinner box.

B)a visual cliff.

C)the Ames room.

D)the Müller­Lyer illusion.

Q3) Ambiguous stimuli demonstrate that

A)we passively record the events and stimuli around us.

B)we actively construct meaningful perceptions.

C)we are very quick to undergo sensory adaptation.

D)sensory gating prevents us from experiencing sensory overload in everyday situations.

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Chapter 22: Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

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Q1) Labeling people as "gang members" or "mental patients" tends to

A)facilitate actively thinking about a particular group.

B)cause dishabituation.

C)distort perceptions.

D)lead to more accuate categorizations.

Q2) Regarding eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Judgments of color made under monochromatic light are highly unreliable.

B)The less time an eyewitness has to observe an event,the less well she or he will perceive and remember it.

C)The confidence of an eyewitness in their testimony is a good predictor of his or her accuracy.

D)Alcohol intoxication impairs later ability to recall events.

Q3) According to psychologist Barbara Frederickson,which of the following generally narrows our perceptual focus and increases the likelihood of inattentional blindness?

A)positive emotions

B)negative emotions

C)sensory gating

D)bottom-up processing

Q4) Describe five ways that one's perceptual accuracy can be enhanced.

Page 24

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Chapter 23: Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

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Q1) Since Dr.Knox studies extrasensory perception and other psi phenomena,he would be considered a psychodynamic psychologist.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Gerald is not against parapsychology research,but he remains unconvinced by the evidence to date.Regarding ESP,Gerald would be considered a(n) _______.

Q3) An occurrence during testing that ESP researchers regard as evidence that parapsychological skills are very fragile is the __________ effect.

Q4) One reason many psychologists question Rhine's early experiments with extrasensory perception is that he

A)used stage mentalists and performers.

B)reinterpreted his results when they appeared negative.

C)did not use adequate security or controls.

D)was using methods common to clinical psychology exclusively.

Q5) None of the"for profit" television and telephone psychic enterprises have ever been convicted of felony fraud.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 24: Consciousness: States of Consciousness

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Q1) Lapses in awareness,bizarre sensations,and perceptual distortions are all responses associated with extended periods of A)perceptual enhancement.

B)perceptual fatigue.

C)sensory deprivation.

D)selective perception.

Q2) Taylor is using a technique in which she focuses her attention on a specific object or word or on her own breathing to block out distractions and enhance her well-being.This technique is called

A)lucid dreaming.

B)imagery rehearsal.

C)concentrative meditation.

D)mindfulness meditation.

Q3) The difficulty of knowing other minds is why the technique of introspection was replaced with more objective measures by the early A)psychoanalysts.

B)behaviorists.

C)humanists.

D)structuralists.

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Page 26

Chapter 25: Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

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Q1) Regarding research on sleep and dream deprivation,which of the following was NOT one of the findings?

A)Missing any sleep stage can cause a rebound for that stage.

B)If deprived of REM sleep,people will dream extra amounts if allowed to sleep undisturbed.

C)Daytime disturbances are related to the total amount of sleep lost,not to the type of sleep lost.

D)People who are deprived of REM sleep are at a greater risk of developing a mental illness.

Q2) When the demands of the environment are in conflict with the person's circadian rhythm,the person may experience a sleep disturbance known as circadian rhythm

A)sleep-wake disorder.

B)narcolepsy.

C)somnambulism.

D)sleep apnea.

Q3) The safest sleep position for most infants in order to prevent SIDS is on their backs.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 26: Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

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Sample Questions

Q1) Cocaine increases which two chemical messengers?

A)noradrenaline and dopamine

B)acetylcholine and THC

C)histamine and phosphene

D)RNA and serotonin

Q2) According to your textbook,which of the following is NOT a danger signal indicating that one may have a problem with alcohol?

A)After drinking,the person drove under the influence.

B)After drinking,the person felt sad,blue,or depressed.

C)After drinking,the person felt nervous or irritable.

D)After drinking,the person was more talkative and animated.

Q3) Maria has been abusing cocaine and now suffers from an inability to feel pleasure,a condition known as __________.

Q4) Drugs with names like Xanax,Halcion,and Valium are

A)barbiturates.

B)stimulants.

C)hallucinogens.

D)tranquilizers.

Q5) The resinous material scraped from cannabis leaves is called _______.

Q6) Marijuana,LSD,mescaline,and psilocybin are classified as _______.

Page 28

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Chapter 27: Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

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Sample Questions

Q1) Drugs that tend to suppress dreaming by interfering with REM sleep include A)alcohol.

B)cocaine.

C)marijuana.

D)all of these.

Q2) Regarding the use of dreams,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The ability to take advantage of dreams for problem solving is improved if you "set" yourself before retiring.

B)Your inhibitions tend to increase when you are dreaming.

C)Even unimaginative people can use dreams to produce creative solutions.

D)During a lucid dream,a person feels as if she or he is fully awake within the dream world and capable of normal thought and action.

Q3) The overall emotional tone or underlying mood of a dream is a major clue to its meaning,according to A)Ernest Hartmann.

B)Fritz Perls.

C)Sigmund Freud.

D)Stephen LaBerge.

Q4) Describe Sigmund Freud's four dream processes and give an example of each.

Page 29

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Chapter 28: Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

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Q1) Learning that takes place through an association of stimuli is called A)latent learning.

B)observational learning.

C)classical conditioning.

D)operant conditioning.

Q2) People using computer-assisted instruction (CAI)often do better with feedback from a computer because CAI

A)is more accurate than traditional instruction.

B)allows learners to freely make mistakes and learn from them.

C)reinforces on a fixed ratio schedule rather than a fixed interval schedule.

D)provides a consistent format of behavioral contracting.

Q3) An automatic,unlearned response is called a(n)

A)antecedent.

B)reflex.

C)consequence.

D)reinforcer.

Q4) Learning from written language is considered a complex form of associative learning.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 29: Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

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Q1) Classical conditioning in which a conditioned stimulus is used as if it were an unconditioned stimulus is called _______ conditioning.

Q2) In classical conditioning,which of the following extends learning one or more steps beyond the original conditioned stimulus?

A)the law of effect

B)response chaining

C)higher-order conditioning

D)instrumental conditioning

Q3) Andy was in a severe automobile accident.Now he has a persistent unrealistic fear of any type of transportation. This is an example of A)a phobia.

B)stimulus discrimination.

C)vicarious operant conditioning.

D)vicarious classical conditioning.

Q4) The perspective that explains learning as a mental expectancy of an upcoming association between two events is known as the _______ view.

Q5) Training in which the conditioned response is established and strengthened is referred to as _______.

31

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Chapter 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant

Conditioning

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Q1) Little Cory was disruptive during the family game time,so he was sent to his room.Being sent to "time out" is an example of A)negative reinforcement.

B)aversive conditioning.

C)positive punishment.

D)response cost.

Q2) If the teacher never calls on you when you raise your hand,you will probably stop raising your hand.This decrease in your hand raising due to the teacher ignoring you is an example of A)negative reinforcement.

B)desensitization.

C)operant extinction.

D)stimulus generalization.

Q3) A few weeks after giving up on buying state lottery tickets,many people are tempted to try again,thus,illustrating the concept of A)spontaneous recovery.

B)stimulus generalization.

C)superstitious behavior.

D)satiation.

32

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Chapter 31: Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

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Q1) Which type of reinforcers gain their ability to promote learning because they are associated with primary reinforcers or can be exchanged for primary reinforcers?

A)secondary reinforcers

B)stimulus reinforcers

C)higher-order reinforcers

D)negative reinforcers

Q2) Printed money has little or no value of its own,but you can exchange it for food,water,lodging,and other necessities.Thus,money would be considered a type of _______ reinforcer.

A)token

B)unconditional

C)higher-order

D)negative transfer

Q3) The basic tools a person has available to control simple learning include A)reward conditioning.

B)acquisition.

C)generalization.

D)punishment.

Q4) Describe three problems that occur as punishment increases in severity.

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Chapter 32: Psychology in Action: Behavioral

Self-Management

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Q1) Elaine wants to get to her classes,work,and church on time,so she keeps a tally sheet in her car with two columns labeled "On time" and "Late," and she puts a mark in each column to count the number of times she is on time and the number of times she is late.Elaine is keeping track of the frequency of her responses through _______.

Q2) The strategy for breaking bad habits that consists of trying to discover what is reinforcing an unwanted response and removing,avoiding,or delaying the reinforcement involves the use of the operant conditioning principle of

Q3) The idea that a high frequency response can be used to reinforce a low frequency response was proposed by A)Olds. B)Skinner.

C)Wolfe.

D)Premack.

Q4) Explain why self-recording is so important to a behavioral self-management program.

Q5) Any high-frequency response can be used to reinforce a low-frequency response,according to _______ principle.

Page 34

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Chapter 33: Memory: Memory Systems

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Sample Questions

Q1) Regarding the space capacity of short-term memory (STM),which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A few people can remember up to nine bits of information.

B)With some types of information,five bits is the limit of storage capacity.

C)When all of the "slots" in STM are filled,there is no more room for new information.

D)People can increase the space capacity of short-term memory by using eidetic imagery.

Q2) "Memory index" is a term associated with A)sensory memory.

B)short-term memory.

C)long-term memory.

D)mnemonics.

Q3) According to economist Jesse Shapiro,the more positive fictional commercials we see,the less likely we are to remember an actual negative experience with a product,a process he referred to as "memory _______."

Q4) How does "memory jamming" work in advertising?

Q5) Regarding the three stages of memory,the memories that are stored on the basis of meaningfulness and importance are called _______ memories.

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Chapter 34: Memory: Forgetting

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Q1) Forgetting may be due to a failure in either storage,retrieval,or A)assimilation.

B)encoding.

C)recoding.

D)feedback.

Q2) Regarding flashbulb memories,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)People tend to place great confidence in their flashbulb memories.

B)Flashbulb memories result from an overactivation of the somatosensory cortex.

C)Flashbulb memories often focus on how you reacted to the event.

D)Flashbulb memories are not always accurate.

Q3) Forgetting is a common occurrence.Explain why each of the following situations of "forgetting" takes place:

(a)Although people in the United States have seen the U.S.ten dollar bill on numerous occasions,explain why most people do not know what picture is on the back of this currency.

(b)Most people believe that forgetting occurs due to disuse,or infrequent retrieval of information.Provide three reasons why disuse alone cannot fully explain forgetting.

(c)Explain why couples who quarrel end up remembering and rehashing old arguments.

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36

Chapter 35: Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

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Q1) To learn college-level information,you must mentally reflect and look for connections between the information you are learning and your existing knowledge,a strategy known as

A)proactive encoding.

B)elaborative processing.

C)eidetic imagery.

D)rote rehearsal.

Q2) You are taking an essay test in psychology and are having trouble remembering important aspects of one of the experiments you have been asked to describe.Which of the following would NOT be the correct use of the cognitive interview method for jogging your memory?

A)Focus on remembering the important aspects of the topic,not trivial details.

B)Ask yourself what other students or your professor would remember about the topic.

C)Mentally put yourself back in the situation where you learned the information,including sounds,smells,nearby objects and people,and the weather.

D)Try to recall events or information in different orders.

Q3) Discuss the findings of Psychologists John Wilding and Elizabeth Valentine's research on exceptional memorizers.

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Chapter 36: Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

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Q1) A strategy or a device that acts as a system or aid to improving memory is called a(n)

A)mnemonic.

B)rote retriever.

C)implicit image.

D)eidetic image.

Q2) To remember the following short list in order-elephant,doorknob,string,watch,rifle,oranges-Tara pictures a full­ size elephant balanced on a doorknob playing with a string tied to him and then pictures a watch tied to the string,and a rifle shooting oranges at the watch.Tara is

A)forming a chain.

B)taking a mental walk.

C)using a system.

D)using the serial position method.

Q3) Which type of mnemonic was shown in one experiment to help people remember lists of 15 to 22 errands?

A)acrostics

B)the keyword method

C)forming a story or chain

D)taking a mental walk

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Chapter 37: Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

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Q1) A concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features is a _______ concept.

A)relational

B)conjunctive

C)disjunctive

D)connotative

Q2) Jed is able to understand and remember what he read while studying psychology because he engaged in A)proxemics.

B)reflective processing.

C)experiential processing.

D)divergent thinking.

Q3) According to Boroditsky,Kuuk Thaayorre,the language of the Cape York Australian aboriginals,relies exclusively on which type of directional references,unlike English?

A)absolute

B)relative

C)conjunctive

D)disjunctive

Q4) The process of thinking or mentally processing information is called _______.

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Chapter 38: Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

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Q1) Sometimes students are so intent on meeting the page minimum requirement on a term paper that they fail to include the other important requirements for this paper.These students are exhibiting which barrier to problem- solving?

A)pragmatic

B)learned

C)perceptual

D)emotional

Q2) A detailed,practical,and workable solution to a problem is called a(n) _______ solution.

Q3) You tell your parents about the "funny stories" that your psychology teacher uses to explain various concepts and theories.Your parents respond that they are not sending you to college to hear "funny stories" and that the teacher should lecture on the subject like when they went to college.Which barrier to problem solving is illustrated by your parents' comment?

A)emotional barrier

B)cultural barrier

C)learned barrier

D)perceptual barrier

Q4) Describe and give an example of each of the four barriers to problem-solving.

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Chapter 39: Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

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Sample Questions

Q1) When making decisions,emotions,such as fear,hope,anxiety,liking,or disgust can A)eliminate possibilities from consideration and promote possibilities to the top of the list.

B)help one to become aware of the base rate for the occurrence of a particular event. C)help one to think more clearly and firmly about important decisions.

D)do all of these.

Q2) A label on a food package that states that this particular food is 80 percent fat-free sounds better than stating that the food consists of 20 percent fat.This difference in labeling illustrates how our problem solving is affected by

Q3) According to Ambady,what was the shortest amount of time that subjects had to observe a teacher in order for their intuitive ratings to match the ratings of students who were in the teacher's class for the whole semester?

A)six seconds

B)90 seconds

C)five minutes

D)10 minutes

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Page 41

Chapter 40: Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

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Q1) Regarding Terman's study of the 1,500 intellectually gifted he called the "Termites," which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Most of the "Termites" had committed crimes,were unemployable,or were unhappy misfits.

B)A majority of the "Termites" finished college,earned advanced degrees,or held professional positions.

C)Terman found that the gifted tend to be well adjusted psychologically.

D)Many of the "Termites" had written books or scientific articles.

Q2) If you score at the 97th percentile on an intelligence test,this means that your IQ is A)97.

B)significantly below average.

C)130.

D)approximately 100.

Q3) Tania is being administered the Stanford-Binet,Fifth Edition (SB5)and is asked to correctly remember the order of colored beads seen,to repeat a series of digits forward and backward,and to name the last word in each sentence after hearing several sentences read.Tania is being administered the _______ section of the SB5.

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Page 42

Chapter 41: Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

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Q1) Since many "new" problems are really old problems in new clothing,most problems become easier to solve when we

A)isolate ourselves and focus intently and persistently on the problem.

B)make a very quick decision since intuitive thinking is very creative.

C)dig deeper into a problem with logic.

D)look for analogies to represent the problem.

Q2) According to your textbook,which of the following questions would be the LEAST likely to lead to a creative solution?

A)How would other people,such as a child,psychologist,or artist look at this problem?

B)What is the one best answer for solving this problem?

C)What are the parts of the problem and how are they related?

D)If the problem were alive,what would it look like?

Q3) You are having trouble solving a problem.So,you randomly look up words in a dictionary,scan a newspaper,and take a walk.These activities

A)are ways to seek varied input to solve your problem.

B)will help you narrow the parameters of your problem.

C)distract your focus and should be avoided.

D)will create mental sets that will enhance creativity.

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43

Chapter 42: Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is a biological motive?

A)curiosity

B)the desire for money

C)physical contact

D)thirst

Q2) The term circadian rhythm comes from circa,which means "about," and diem,which means

A)clock.

B)body.

C)day.

D)light.

Q3) When you feel fear,you may feel anything from apprehension to sheer terror,which illustrates that

A)fear is a stimulus motive.

B)fear,like all emotions,can vary in intensity.

C)fear is a mixture of surprise and sadness.

D)the type of fear one feels depends on his or her personality.

Q4) Describe the three elements of emotion,and explain how emotions are linked to to many basic adaptive behaviors.

Q5) The "target" of one's motivated behavior is known as a(n) _______.

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Chapter 43: Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

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Sample Questions

Q1) Extracellular thirst results from all of the following EXCEPT

A)bleeding.

B)vomiting or diarrhea.

C)consuming alcohol.

D)eating a salty meal.

Q2) LaTara has a high pain tolerance,while Janae has a low pain tolerance.The difference is most likely due to

A)the type of pain each is enduring.

B)differences in their body chemistry.

C)the attitudes they learned by observing role models.

D)whether the pain avoidance is episodic or cyclic.

Q3) Treatment for anorexia and bulimia include all of the following EXCEPT

A)giving drugs to people with anorexia to relieve the obsessive fears of gaining weight.

B)behavioral dieting with taste aversion therapy for people with bulimia.

C)cognitive-behavioral therapy to change the thinking patterns of people with eating disorders.

D)helping patients work on the emotional conflicts that lead to weight loss.

Q4) Taste aversions usually develop through _______ conditioning.

Q5) Explain the causes of anorexia and bulimia and the treatments used.

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Chapter 44: Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

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Q1) The study of communication through body movement,posture,gestures,and facial expressions is known as

A)kinesics.

B)forensics.

C)physiology.

D)comparative psychology.

Q2) In a recent study,people were able to detect which type of faces fastest and why?

A)happy faces because we are more sensitive to positive emotions

B)sad faces because we are more sensitive to distress in others

C)angry and scheming faces because we are sensitive to threats of possible harm

D)neutral faces because ambiguity tends to bother most people

Q3) Although he doesn't understand why,Rick finds that his attraction to his girlfriend is intensified when she flirts with other men.Rick's increased attraction may be caused by his

A)denial of his anger.

B)secondary appraisal of his girlfriend's worth.

C)frustration at not being able to change the situation.

D)attribution of his emotional arousal as attraction.

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Chapter 45: Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

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Q1) When we accept that emotions are an essential part of who we are and how we survive and that we can consciously make our emotions work for us,then we are said to be

A)emotionally creative.

B)emotionally intelligent.

C)emotionally sensitive.

D)intuitive.

Q2) In making choices,sensible but emotionally empty decisions tend to be made if one uses extremely _______ approaches.

Q3) Lydia is good at "reading" facial expressions,tone of voice,and other signs of emotion in others and to sense what others are feeling.In terms of emotional intelligence,Lydia is exhibiting

A)congruence.

B)emotional conceptualization.

C)empathy.

D)bidirectional communication.

Q4) Using strengths that we already possess,such as kindness,originality,humor,optimism,and generosity,can help us to cultivate _______.

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Chapter 46: Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

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Q1) George and Esther,a male-female couple,are sexually involved,but lately George has become sexually involved with another male named John.George's sexual orientation is best characterized as A)homosexual. B)bisexual.

C)heterosexual. D)trisexual.

Q2) Sexual orientation refers to A)one's degree of emotional and erotic attraction to members of the same gender,opposite gender,or both genders.

B)the belief that heterosexuality is more natural than homosexuality.

C)a person being erotically attracted to both men and women. D)a person being romantically attracted to same-sex persons.

Q3) Female hormones are to estrogens as male hormones are to A)androgens. B)gonads.

C)menarches. D)histogen.

Q4) The belief that heterosexuality is better or more natural than homosexuality is called _______.

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Chapter 47: Human Sexuality: Gender Development,

Androgyny, and Gender

Variance

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Q1) The idea that gender roles are universal becomes questionable when we look at A)norms for male and female behaviors in other cultures.

B)the significant gender differences in certain skills such as math or language.

C)the similarity in aggressive behaviors of males and females.

D)equal opportunity and equal pay for both sexes in the United States.

Q2) According to recent research,when men are sexually aroused,they tend to A)make better decisions.

B)make poorer decisions.

C)become less aggressive.

D)have a better memory.

Q3) According to Sandra Bem,which statement is FALSE regarding highly masculine men,highly feminine women,and androgynous individuals?

A)Highly masculine men have been shown to have no difficulty in expressing warmth,playfulness,and concern.

B)Highly masculine men find it hard to accept emotional support from others,particularly women.

C)Highly feminine women have difficulty being independent and assertive,even when these qualities are desirable.

D)Androgynous individuals score higher in emotional intelligence.

Page 49

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Chapter 48: Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

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Q1) "Flashing," or displaying the genitals to unwilling viewers is known as _______ disorder.

A)exhibitionistic

B)transvestic

C)voyeuristic

D)sexual sadism

Q2) The best thing for someone to do if they encounter an exhibitionist is to

A)shout or scream loudly to scare the person away.

B)become visibly upset so the person will feel remorseful about his behavior.

C)yell at the person and chastise him for his deviant behavior.

D)try not to act shocked or alarmed because this further encourages the behavior.

Q3) In the human sexual response cycle,the phase that occurs immediately before the orgasm phase is called the __________ phrase.

Q4) In males,a second orgasm is prevented by a A)plateau period.

B)failure to ejaculate.

C)refractory period.

D)resolution phase.

Q5) Surgical removal of the testicles or ovaries is known as _______.

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Chapter 49: Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

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Q1) Juanita has been diagnosed by her doctor with a condition called vaginismus,a condition in which

A)muscle spasms of the vagina prevent intercourse.

B)there is a persistent inability to reach orgasm.

C)genital pain occurs after intercourse.

D)little or no physical arousal is occurring during lovemaking.

Q2) Regarding desire disorders,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Desire disorders are often deeply rooted in a person's childhood,sexual history,personality,and relationships.

B)Desire disorders are often difficult to treat.

C)Some desire disorders are treated using counseling or psychotherapy.

D)Rarely do desire disorders result from a physical cause.

Q3) Glynnis has been angry with her husband Aaron for two weeks.When he comes in from work and asks about her day,she lets all her pent-up anger from the last two weeks out and lists all of her complaints regarding their relationship.Glynnis is

A)attacking Aaron's character.

B)trying to win the fight.

C)gunnysacking.

D)mind reading Aaron's intentions.

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Page 51

Chapter 50: Personality: Overview of Personality

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Q1) In the United States and other Western cultures,the path to heightened levels of self-esteem is believed to be attained through

A)personal success.

B)group success.

C)a complete understanding of one's self.

D)an accurate assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the group to which one belongs.

Q2) When you are faced with an ambiguous stimulus,you must organize what you see in terms of your own life experiences.This is the rationale behind

A)objective tests.

B)rating scales.

C)projective tests.

D)behavioral assessments.

Q3) One problem psychologists have with personality types is they

A)are hereditary constructs.

B)oversimplify personality.

C)describe character,not personality.

D)are not observable or measurable.

Q4) A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns define his or her _______.

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Chapter 51: Personality: Trait Theories

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Q1) If you are imaginative,we automatically know that you will be inventive,original,curious,creative,innovative,and ingenious.Thus,according to Raymond Cattell being imaginative would be considered a _______ trait.

A)source

B)surface

C)cardinal

D)secondary

Q2) People who are cheerful,conventional,extroverted,reliable,helpful,and conservative and who tend to enjoy upbeat conventional music,such as country,pop,religious,and rock­n­roll,fit into Rentfrow's music­personality category called __________.

Q3) To better understand personality,trait theorists attempt to A)analyze traits.

B)classify traits.

C)interrelate traits.

D)do all of these.

Q4) The trait approach is currently the dominant method for studying personality.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 52: Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic

Theories

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Sample Questions

Q1) Regarding the human strengths described by Seligman and Peterson,which of the following is a correct match between a human strength and its list of components?

A)temperance-------appreciation of excellence,gratitude,hope,humor,spirituality

B)humanity----------love,kindness,social intelligence

C)transcendence----forgiveness,humility,prudence,self-control

D)wisdom-----------citizenship,fairness,leadership

Q2) Humanism is sometimes called a "third force" in that it is opposed to the pessimism of psychoanalytic theory and to the machine-like overtones of the _______ theory.

Q3) Rogers believed that a person is fully functioning if he or she

A)has resolved the conflicts of the phallic stage and adequately identified with the same sex parent.

B)was exposed to conditions of worth as a child and developed a strong ego ideal.

C)blocked experiences from conscious recognition that were seriously incongruent with his or her self-image.

D)is living in harmony with his or her deepest feelings and impulses.

Q4) Threats of punishment from the superego cause _______ anxiety.

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Chapter 53: Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning

Theories

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Sample Questions

Q1) Regarding the influence of traits and situations on people's behaviors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Personality traits tend to be too inconsistent to predict such things as job performance,dangerous driving,or successful marriages.

B)Situations greatly influence our behavior as illustrated by the fact that it would be unusual for most people to dance at a movie or read a book at a football game.

C)Many personality psychologists now place equal weight on traits and situations as ways to explain behavior.

D)External circumstances influence the expression of a personality trait.

Q2) In a study that compared twins to unrelated pairs of students,who were the same age and sex,the unrelated pairs of students were

A)almost as alike as the twins.

B)much less alike than the twins.

C)more alike than the twins.

D)more motivated to find similarities than the twins were.

Q3) Describe and provide an example of each of the three concepts of Julian Rotter's social learning theory.

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Page 55

Chapter 54: Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

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Sample Questions

Q1) Extreme shyness is often associated with A)depression and loneliness.

B)fearfulness and social anxiety.

C)inhibition and low self-esteem.

D)all of these.

Q2) One of the simplest ways to improve one's social skills is to A)learn some funny jokes.

B)improve your physical appearance.

C)ask open-ended questions.

D)be a good listener by making eye contact and nodding often.

Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the major elements of shyness?

A)social anxiety

B)a lack of social skills

C)a self-defeating bias

D)private self-consciousness

Q4) What percent of all American adolescents report being shy to some extent?

A)15 percent

B)30 percent

C)50 percent

D)75 percent

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Chapter 55: Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

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Q1) Both your body's stress reaction and your body's emotional reaction begin with A)cognitive assessments of person,situation,and behavior.

B)autonomic nervous system arousal.

C)large increases in alpha waves.

D)a specific condition or event in the environment that challenges or threatens a person.

Q2) When Selye examined animals in the last stage of the general adaptation syndrome,he found intense shrinkage of all of the following organs EXCEPT for the A)adrenal glands.

B)thymus.

C)spleen.

D)lymph nodes.

Q3) To prevent disease,health psychologists first try to

A)remove behavioral risk factors.

B)compensate for genetic predispositions.

C)use maintenance doses of medication.

D)use quarantines to alleviate the threat to healthy individuals.

Q4) The Canadian stress researcher who described the general adaptation syndrome (G.A.S. )was _______.

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Page 57

Chapter 56: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a symptom of burnout?

A)withdrawal into hallucinations and delusions

B)feeling exhausted and "used up"

C)feeling of reduced personal accomplishment

D)detachment from others

Q2) Ambivalence is a central characteristic of approach-avoidance conflicts and is usually translated into a partial approach.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Regarding acculturative stress,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Typical reactions to acculturative stress are anxiety,hostility,and depression.

B)Acculturative stress can result in identity confusion.

C)The separation pattern of acculturation usually produces the least amount of stress.

D)People who assimilate usually experience fewer social difficulties than the other patterns.

Q4) Frustration-caused behavior that is repetitive and non-productive is referred to as _______ responding.

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Chapter 57: Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

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Q1) Discuss how the "college blues," or mild depression affects college students,the reasons many college students suffer from this mild depression,how to distinguish the "college blues" from a more serious type of depression,and ways to combat the "college blues."

Q2) "Helpless" animals display all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A)increased activity.

B)lowered aggression.

C)blunted appetite.

D)loss of sex drive.

Q3) Conditions that contribute to depression among college students include

A)having high aspirations and little prior experience with failure.

B)lacking basic skills necessary for academic success and being afraid of failure.

C)students leaving their support groups behind back in their hometowns.

D)all of these.

Q4) Positive events are most likely to end depression if you view them as

A)temporary.

B)fragile.

C)stable.

D)surprising.

Page 59

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Chapter 58: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

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Q1) The most damaging patterns of Type A personalities may occur in A)perfectionistic,achievement-oriented persons who tend to overwork.

B)persons who hurry from one activity to another,racing the clock in self-imposed urgency.

C)hostile persons who openly and outwardly express their anger rather than suppressing it.

D)hostile persons who keep their anger "bottled up" and don't express it outwardly.

Q2) Fiona has been experiencing a great deal of stress at her job.She is experiencing neckaches,headaches,indigestion,and insomnia.When she goes to her doctor,she finds that her blood pressure is also elevated.Fiona has A)hypochondriasis.

B)a conversion disorder.

C)a somatic symptom disorder.

D)a psychosomatic disorder.

Q3) Biofeedback has shown some success with all of the following EXCEPT for A)controlling narcolepsy.

B)lowering blood pressure and controlling heart rhythms.

C)controlling hyperactivity in children.

D)controlling epileptic seizures.

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Page 60

Chapter 59: Psychology in Action: Stress Management

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Q1) Exercise,meditation,and relaxation are important factors in stress management because they

A)remove the actual source of stress.

B)relieve the physical tension of stress.

C)distract attention from stressful situations.

D)reinforce the fight-or-flight response.

Q2) Gerry is an undergraduate at the local community college.He has just taken the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)and received a high score,which suggests that Gerry

A)has a high rate of satisfaction with life,in general.

B)is socially more active than the average college student.

C)has been exposed to health-threatening levels of stress.

D)has a Type A personality.

Q3) Stress is often made worse by our misguided responses to it.Describe four ways that we can reduce our stress and ineffective behavior.

Q4) The technique of stress inoculation involves the use of sensory deprivation to induce a relaxed state of consciousness.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 60: Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

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Q1) Included in the category of dissociative disorders are frightening episodes in which people feel like they are outside of their bodies or behave like robots or are lost in a dream world.An episode such as this is referred to as

Q2) Most definitions of abnormality

A)are those which are based on statistics.

B)are relative and take context into consideration.

C)use the concept of social nonconformity as the main basis for judgment. D)can be made using only a person's subjective discomfort as a guide.

Q3) While reading this module,a student notices what seems to be abnormal tendencies in his own behavior.This

A)indicates that the student needs to guard against falling prey to the "medical student's disease."

B)illustrates that pathological behavior is an exaggeration of normal defenses and reactions.

C)does not mean that the person's behavior is necessarily abnormal.

D)indicates all of these.

Q4) Regarding the diagnostic categories of disorders,enuresis and encopresis are types of _______ disorders.

Page 62

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Chapter 61: Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders,

and Schizophrenia

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Q1) Children with higher levels of lead in their blood are more likely to be arrested as adults for criminal offenses.

A)True

B)False

Q2) MRI scans indicate that persons with schizophrenia tend to have enlarged ventricles,which suggest that the surrounding brain tissue has shrunk.

A)True

B)False

Q3) In terms of the hereditary potential (i.e. ,genetic relatedness)for developing schizophrenia,the risk is about as high for the fraternal twin of a schizophrenic as for A)the identical twin of a schizophrenic.

B)a child with one schizophrenic parent.

C)a child with two schizophrenic parents.

D)a non-twin sibling of a schizophrenic.

Q4) Describe the causes and symptoms of neurocognitive disorders,and identify the most common neurocognitive disorder.

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Chapter 62: Psychological Disorders: Mood Disorders

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Q1) Regarding major depressive disorders,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)In serious cases of depression,it is impossible for a person to function at work or at school or to even feed or dress themselves.

B)In very severe cases of depression (or mania),persons may lose touch with reality and display psychotic symptoms.

C)A major depressive disorder is sometimes referred to as dysthymia.

D)The person with a major depression who attempts suicide intends to succeed and may give no prior warning.

Q2) Persons suffering from SAD tend to

A)feel tired and overeat.

B)sleep longer but more poorly.

C)become socially withdrawn.

D)exhibit all of these.

Q3) In the most severe cases of depression and/or mania,the person may

A)develop long-term neurodevelopmental disorders.

B)exhibit conversion reactions.

C)develop Munchausen syndrome.

D)display psychotic symptoms.

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64

Chapter 63: Psychological Disorders: Anxiety-Based

Disorders and Personality Disorders

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Q1) If the goal of therapy is the integration and fusion of the separate identities into a single,balanced personality,the patient most likely has which type of disorder?

A)bipolar disorder

B)dissociative disorder

C)obsessive-compulsive disorder

D)schizophrenia

Q2) According to which psychological approach are emotional disorders the end product of a faulty self-image when anxious individuals build up unrealistic mental images of themselves?

A)psychodynamic

B)humanistic

C)cognitive

D)behavioral

Q3) Regarding dissociative disorders,forgetting personal identity and fleeing unpleasant situations appear to be defenses against

A)the auditory hallucinations.

B)obsessive thoughts.

C)intolerable anxiety.

D)compulsive actions.

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Chapter 64: Psychology in Action: Suicide

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Q1) Escape,unbearable psychological pain,frustrated psychological needs,and constriction of options are most characteristic of

A)bipolar disorder.

B)postpartum depression.

C)generalized anxiety disorder.

D)suicidal thoughts and feelings.

Q2) Which of the following is an important warning sign of a potential suicide?

A)withdrawal from contact with others

B)unbridled optimism and cheerfulness

C)grandiose schemes and narcissism

D)constant criticism of others

Q3) Regarding patterns of suicide,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)More than three-fourths of all suicide victims are under 30 years old.

B)In committing suicide,women are more likely to attempt a drug overdose,while men use a gun.

C)Divorced and single men have a higher suicide rate than married men.

D)In the United States,the suicide rate is the highest among Native Americans with suicide rates also being elevated among the aboriginal peoples of other countries.

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Chapter 65: Therapies: Treating Psychological Distress

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Q1) Regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)There is ample evidence that suggests that therapy is beneficial for most people.

B)Nearly nine out of ten people reported improved lives as a result of therapy.

C)Therapy is not equally effective for all people.

D)The results of therapy for people with the same problems can be expected to be the same.

Q2) Distinguish between insight and action therapies and between directive and nondirective therapies,then for each of the following therapies identify (1)whether the therapy is an insight therapy or an action therapy; (2)whether it is directive or nondirective; (3)whether it is usually conducted individually or conducted both individually and in groups;and (4)the major strength of each therapy: psychoanalysis,brief psychodynamic therapy,client-centered therapy,existential therapy,Gestalt therapy,behavioral therapies,Beck's cognitive therapy,and Ellis' REBT.

Q3) Productive use of conflict is the strength of existential therapy,while observable changes in behavior is the strength of Gestalt therapy.

A)True

B)False

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67

Chapter 66: Therapies: Humanistic and Cognitive Therapies

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Sample Questions

Q1) After the first few lectures,Karen thought that her psychology teacher was the best teacher she had ever had and cared about whether Karen succeeded in her class.However,when Karen received a low grade on her first test,she decided that this teacher was a terrible,uncaring teacher,who wanted her to fail.Karen is exhibiting A)all-or-nothing thinking.

B)selective perception.

C)overgeneralization.

D)incomplete rationalization.

Q2) An existential therapist helps people

A)to develop adequate defense mechanisms.

B)uncover a "true self" hidden behind a screen of defenses.

C)discover self-imposed limitations to personal identity.

D)confront irrational beliefs that make their thinking maladaptive.

Q3) Who stated that dreams provide a "royal road to the unconscious" because forbidden desires and unconscious feelings are freely expressed?

A)Abraham Maslow

B)Carl Rogers

C)Albert Ellis

D)Sigmund Freud

Page 68

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Chapter 67: Therapies: Behavior Therapies

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Q1) The most widely used aversion therapy for smoking is

A)a nauseating drug called Antabuse.

B)response-contingent shocks.

C)rapid smoking.

D)systematic desensitization.

Q2) When a response is followed by a reward,this response will occur more often.This illustrates

A)stimulus control.

B)time out.

C)positive reinforcement.

D)situationally controlled.

Q3) Which of the following is a technique for reducing fear or anxiety that is based on holding upsetting thoughts in mind while rapidly moving the eyes from side to side?

A)the tension-release method

B)REBT

C)EMDR

D)covert sensitization

Q4) The use of classical or operant conditioning to directly alter human responses is known as _______.

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Chapter 68: Therapies: Medical Therapies

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Q1) One way to alleviate the severe shortage of people working in mental health occupations is to

A)encourage people to enter the field as paraprofessionals.

B)encourage psychiatrists to take on bigger case loads.

C)remove the emphasis on preventative mental health services so the seriously disturbed can be attended to.

D)simply pay these professionals what they are worth.

Q2) Providing short-term clinicial services and preventing emotional problems from occurring are the main goals of A)pharmacotherapy.

B)REBT.

C)community mental health programs.

D)large group awareness programs.

Q3) All of the following are listed in your text as possible side effects of antipsychotic drugs EXCEPT A)vision problems.

B)neurological disorders.

C)rhythmic facial and mouth movements.

D)blood disorders.

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Page 70

Chapter 69: Psychology in Action: Self-Management and Seeking Professional Help

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Q1) You have quit smoking and now want to keep from "falling back" into this old habit.To maintain the "new non­ smoking you," you imagine someone offering you a cigarette,and you politely turning them down.This image is followed by imagining a pleasant,rewarding scene of yourself being told by the doctor that you are now so healthy that you should live to a ripe old age.You have just used the technique known as

A)thought stopping.

B)covert sensitization.

C)desensitization.

D)covert reinforcement.

Q2) The first step in desensitization involves learning to relax voluntarily by using one of three methods: (1)imagining a very safe,pleasant,and relaxing scene; (2)deep breathing;or (3)using the _______ method.

Q3) Which of the following is NOT a danger signal in psychotherapy?

A)The therapist makes sexual advances toward the client.

B)The therapist makes consistent attempts to establish rapport with the client.

C)The therapist talks repeatedly about his or her own problems.

D)The therapist tells the client not discuss therapy with anyone else.

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Page 71

Chapter 70: Social Psychology: Social Behavior and Cognition

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Q1) You and your friend have a fight and say very hurtful "things" to each other.In judging your own behavior,you say to yourself,"I was justified in saying those things to her because she betrayed me." In judging how your friend acted during the fight,you say "She had no right to say those things to me.She is a liar and an ungrateful person." In your interpretation of your own behavior,you are the actor assigning a(n) _______ cause.

A)internal

B)external

C)cognitive

D)emotional

Q2) A mixture of belief and emotion that summarizes our evaluation of objects and predicts or directs our future actions is called a(n)

A)cognition.

B)attitude.

C)reaction disposition.

D)self-assertion.

Q3) The psychologist at Stanford University who conducted the famous simulated prison experiment that demonstrated the powerful effects of social roles was _______.

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Chapter 71: Social Psychology: Social Influence

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Questions

Q1) A contributing factor in the Columbia space shuttle disaster,the loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter,and several other international crises was the urge by decision makers to maintain each other's approval,even at the cost of critical thinking,which is referred to as _______.

Q2) Which of the following consists of getting a person committed to fulfilling a request and then making the terms of the request less desirable?

A)lowball technique

B)obedience effect

C)authority effect

D)highball technique

Q3) Compliance involves people

A)bringing their behavior into harmony with the norms of a group.

B)conforming to the demands of an authority.

C)deliberately attempting to change the attitudes or beliefs of others.

D)bending to the requests of others who have little or no social power or authority.

Q4) People with high needs for structure or certainty are less likely to conform.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 72: Social Psychology: Pro-Social Behavior

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Q1) Which factor in interpersonal attraction is most related to the term homogamy?

A)reciprocity

B)similarity

C)physical attractiveness

D)proximity

Q2) Deep emotional and/or sexual feelings for another person are called

A)intimacy.

B)passion.

C)commitment.

D)romantic love.

Q3) When Amanda volunteers at the animal shelter and when she helps her elderly next-door-neighbor grocery shop,she is exhibiting behaviors that have a positive effect on people and are collectively referred to as _______ behaviors.

Q4) Regarding Sternberg's triangular theory of love,liking involves A)intimacy only.

B)passion only.

C)commitment only.

D)none of these.

Q5) We are encouraged to help others who have helped us because of the norms of

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Chapter 73: Social Psychology: Antisocial Behavior

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Q1) "Obedience and respect for authority are the most important virtues children should learn" and "Nobody ever learns anything really important except through suffering" are statements that would most likely be found on the A)F-scale (fascism scale).

B)social readjustment rating scale.

C)MMPI-2.

D)TAT (Thematic Apperception Test).

Q2) Which of the following involves blaming a person or a group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making?

A)projection

B)discrimination

C)scapegoating

D)ethnocentrism

Q3) A person with a social dominance orientation is exhibiting a type of A)altruism.

B)ethnocentrism.

C)conservatism.

D)liberalism.

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Chapter 74: Psychology in Action: Multiculturalism

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Q1) When Carrie meets people from different ethnic groups,she tries to focus on the person and not the label attached to him or her.To combat stereotypes,Carrie is using A)just-world beliefs.

B)ethnocentrism.

C)individuating information.

D)fundamental attribution.

Q2) Multiculturalism would best be described as a nation becoming a cultural "melting pot."

A)True

B)False

Q3) Rivalry among groups,each of which regards itself as superior to others,is referred to as _______.

Q4) A form of faulty thinking that involves the belief that people generally get what they deserve is known as a(n) __________ belief.

Q5) Giving equal status,recognition,and acceptance to different ethnic and cultural groups is referred to as

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Chapter 75: Applied Psychology: Industrialorganizational Psychology

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Q1) Studies have consistently found that

A)psychological efficiency is important because happy workers are productive workers.

B)work efficiency is much more important than psychological efficiency.

C)emphasizing psychological efficiency has led to decreased production.

D)scientific management produces the happiest and most productive workers.

Q2) Which type of leader has a person orientation rather than a task orientation and tends to assume that workers enjoy autonomy and are willing to accept responsibility?

A)Type A

B)Type B

C)Theory X

D)Theory Y

Q3) Rather than being communal,most people expect good leaders to be independent,confident,ambitious,objective,dominant,and forceful,which is referred to as being _______.

Q4) Situations that arise in a job,with which a competent worker must be able to cope are known as _______.

Q5) Detailed biographical information about a job applicant is known as _______.

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Chapter 76: Applied Psychology: Environmental Psychology

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Q1) Companies would most likely be discouraged from polluting by

A)educating the public about which companies are the largest polluters.

B)persuading the executives of the company,individually,concerning the devastating effects pollution is having on public health.

C)levying a pollution tax so it would cost more,not less,for a business to pollute.

D)an environmentally-engineered social dilemma being constructed.

Q2) Calhoun's study of overcrowding showed that animals in overcrowded conditions

A)reproduce more rapidly.

B)become more cooperative.

C)increase their maternal behavior.

D)die from stress-caused diseases.

Q3) Attentional overload involves excessive demands on a person's attention from A)sensory stimulation.

B)information.

C)social contacts.

D)all of these.

Q4) When researchers record the number of individuals in a given space,they are measuring _______.

Q5) The world's population is now approximately _______ billion people.

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Chapter 77: Applied Psychology: the Psychology of

Education, Law, and Sports

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Q1) Dr.Angelos is interested in studying factors that affect athletic achievement,such as skill learning,the personality profiles of champion athletes,and the effects of spectators.Dr.Angelos is most likely a(n) _______ psychologist.

A)social

B)sports

C)organizational

D)environmental

Q2) One way for an athlete to control his or her arousal level is to go through a different and varied routine before each game or event.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Just before the race,a sprinter at a track meet tries to become angry by picturing a rival cheating.This is likely to noticeably increase his arousal level and A)improve his performance.

B)decrease his performance.

C)have no effect on his performance.

D)distract his rival so the rival will perform more poorly.

Q4) Discuss four problem areas regarding jury deliberations.

Page 79

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Chapter 78: Psychology in Action: Human Factors

Psychology

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Q1) The thinking aloud protocol,which compares people's actual performances to what they are thinking makes it possible to

A)determine whether people will buy the product.

B)create a telepresence within a design.

C)fine-tune the details of a design.

D)write the user manual and instructions for the machine.

Q2) Nintendo Wii game console,Microsoft's Kinect,Google's "Glass," and telesurgery were developed by

A)comparative engineers.

B)forensic psychologists.

C)proxemics engineers.

D)human-computer interaction designers.

Q3) Most people in restricted environments find that they prefer active,group-oriented recreation.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Any dial,screen,light,or other device used to provide information about a machine's activity to a human user is referred to as a(n)__________.

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Chapter 79: Behavioral Statistics

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Q1) The political science class randomly selected 150 adults from the community in order to obtain their opinions on the upcoming presidential race.This group of 150 people would be considered the

A)representative sample.

B)experimental group.

C)population.

D)control group.

Q2) A mathematical relationship in which increases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other is a

A)zero correlation.

B)variable relationship.

C)positive relationship.

D)negative relationship.

Q3) An effective way to make sure that a sample is representative is to use random selection.

A)True

B)False

Q4) When measure X gets larger,measure Y gets smaller in a(n) _______ correlation.

Q5) A bar graph of a frequency distribution is known as a(n) _______.

Q6) The range and standard deviation are measures of _______.

Page 81

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Chapter 80: Life After School

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Q1) Which of the following skills was NOT introduced in Psychology: Modules for Active Learning, (13th Edition)?

A)study skills

B)intuitive skills

C)cultural awareness skills

D)critical thinking skills

Q2) According to the Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major,being sensitive to people of diverse backgrounds is an important part of which competency?

A)personal development

B)application of psychology

C)communication skills

D)sociocultural and international awareness

Q3) The discussion of these topics develops psychology students' _______ skills.

Q4) List the ten major goals that college psychology programs try to meet in teaching their students,according to the APA's Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major,and discuss how these goals are met through the five sets of skills emphasized throughout Psychology: Modules for Active Learning, (13th Edition).

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Chapter 81: Understanding Descriptive and Inferential

Statistics for Psychological Research

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279 Verified Questions

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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72184

Sample Questions

Q1) Explain what is meant by a correlation between two variables,how one would know if a correlation coefficient were weak or strong,and what constitutes a perfect relationship;describe what is meant by positive,negative,and zero correlations and give an example of each.

Q2) Of the 4,000 students at Meridian Community College,250 were randomly selected to be surveyed regarding their views on the on-line learning classes.The students who were randomly selected and surveyed would constitute the A)population.

B)experimental group.

C)representative sample.

D)control group.

Q3) A histogram can be described as a type of A)bar graph.

B)polygon.

C)frequency mode.

D)class interval.

Q4) Describe a normal curve,and explain the relationship of the standard deviation to this curve.

Q5) For the numbers 10,17,2,9,and 15,the range is _______.

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Chapter 82: The Competencies of the Undergraduate

Psychology Major

Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper

76 Verified Questions

76 Flashcards

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Sample Questions

Q1) According to the Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major,being able to display open-mindedness and healthy skepticism in evaluating the quality and credibility of information would most fully meet the competency of _______ skills in psychology.

Q2) Liam has just graduated with a bachelor's degree in psychology and is applying for a job as a sales representative.The skill learned during his psychology coursework that would be the LEAST beneficial in obtaining this job as a sales representative would be his

A)ability to do his own research.

B)knowledge of developmental stages.

C)sensitivity to cross-cultural issues.

D)ability to make presentations to individuals or groups.

Q3) According to the American Psychological Association's (2007)Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major,competencies developed in psychological training that are consistent with a liberal arts education include which of the following?

A)personal development

B)career planning and development

C)communication skills

D)all of these

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